This document discusses various string methods in Python including upper(), lower(), capitalize(), startswith(), endswith(), strip(), split(), and join(). It provides examples of how to use each method, such as converting strings to uppercase and lowercase, checking if a string starts or ends with certain text, stripping leading and trailing characters, and splitting or joining strings.

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Python Programming Essentials - M8 - String Methods

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  http://www.skillbrew.com/SkillbrewTalent brewed bytheindustry itselfCommon String MethodsPavan VermaPython Programming Essentials@YinYangPavan
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  © SkillBrew http://skillbrew.comCommonString Methods upper() lower() capitalize() startswith() endswith() strip() find() split() join()2
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  © SkillBrew http://skillbrew.comupper,lower, capitalize3message = "enter the dragon"print message.upper()print message.lower()print message.capitalize()Outputs:ENTER THE DRAGONenter the dragonEnter the dragonupper(): Converts alllowercase letters in string touppercaselower(): Converts alluppercase letters in string tolowercasecapitalize():Capitalizes first letter ofstring
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  © SkillBrew http://skillbrew.comstartswith4startswith(text)•Checks whether the string starts with text• Return’s True if there is a match otherwise False>>> str = "explicit is better than implicit">>> str.startswith('explicit')True>>> str.startswith('Explicit')False>>>
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  © SkillBrew http://skillbrew.comstartswith(2)5str.startswith(text, begin, end)startswith()optionally takes two arguments begin andend• text − This is the string to be checked• begin − This is the optional parameter to set start index ofthe matching boundary• end − This is the optional parameter to set start index ofthe matching boundary
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  © SkillBrew http://skillbrew.comstartswith(3)6str = "explicit is better than implicit“>>> print str.startswith("is", 9)True>>> print str.startswith("better", 12, 18)Truestartswith()returns True if matching string found elseFalse
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  © SkillBrew http://skillbrew.comendswith7>>>str = "explicit is better than implicit">>> str.endswith("implicit")True>>> str.endswith("implicit", 20)True>>> str.endswith("implicit", 25)False>>> str.endswith("than", 19, 23)Trueendswith(text)works the same way as startswith differencebeing it checks whether the string ends with text or not
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  © SkillBrew http://skillbrew.commessage= " enter the dragon "print message.strip()Output:enter the dragonmessage = "--enter the dragon--"print message.strip(‘-’)Output:enter the dragonstrip(chars):• returns a copy of thestring with leading andtrailing charactersremoved• If chars is omittedor None, whitespacecharacters areremovedstrip8
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  © SkillBrew http://skillbrew.commessage= " enter the dragon "message.lstrip()Output:'enter the dragon'message = "--enter the dragon--"message.lstrip('-')Output:'enter the dragon--'lstrip(chars):• returns a copy of thestring with leadingcharacters removed• If chars is omittedor None, whitespacecharacters areremovedlstrip9
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  © SkillBrew http://skillbrew.commessage= " enter the dragon "message.rstrip()Output:' enter the dragon'message = "--enter the dragon--"message.rstrip('-')Output:'--enter the dragon'rstrip(chars):• returns a copy of thestring with trailingcharacters removed• If chars is omittedor None, whitespacecharacters areremovedrstrip10
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  11SPLITTING AND JOININGSTRINGS
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  © SkillBrew http://skillbrew.comSplitting12message= "enter the dragon"print message.split()Output:['enter', 'the', 'dragon']split()returns a list of words of the string
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  © SkillBrew http://skillbrew.comSplitting(2)13message = "enter-the-dragon"print message.split('-')Output:['enter', 'the', 'dragon']split(delimiter)delimiter: character or characters which we want touse to split the string, by default it will be space
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  © SkillBrew http://skillbrew.comJoining14seq_list= ['enter', 'the', 'dragon']print ''.join(seq_list)Output:enter the dragonstr.join()returns a string in which the string elements of sequence havebeen joined by str separator
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  © SkillBrew http://skillbrew.comJoining(2)15seq_tuple = ('enter','the','dragon')print '-'.join(seq_tuple)Output:enter-the-dragon
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  © SkillBrew http://skillbrew.comsplitting/joiningexample16Lets say you have a link'foo.com/forum?filter=comments&num=20'1. You have to separate out the querystring fromurl2. You have to then separate out key-value pairs inquerystring3. Now update the filter to views and num to 15and form the url again
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  © SkillBrew http://skillbrew.comsplitting/joiningexample (2)17>>> link = 'foo.com/forum?filter=comments&num=20'>>> components = link.split('?')>>> components['foo.com/forum', 'filter=comments&num=20']>>> url = components[0]>>> qs = components[1]>>> url'foo.com/forum'>>> qs'filter=comments&num=20'Step 1Split the link using '?' asdelimiter to separate outurl and querystring
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  © SkillBrew http://skillbrew.comsplitting/joiningexample (3)18>>> qs'filter=comments&num=20'>>>params = qs.split('&')>>> params['filter=comments', 'num=20']Step 2Split the querystringusing '&' as delimiter
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  © SkillBrew http://skillbrew.comsplitting/joiningexample (4)19>>> params['filter=comments', 'num=20']>>> params[0] = 'filter=views'>>> params[1] = 'num=15'>>> params['filter=views', 'num=15']>>> qs = '&'.join(params)>>> qs'filter=views&num=15'Step 3Update the parameters andjoin them using '&' asdelimiter to formquerystring
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  © SkillBrew http://skillbrew.comsplitting/joiningexample (5)20>>> url'foo.com/forum'>>> qs'filter=views&num=15'>>> '?'.join([url, qs])'foo.com/forum?filter=views&num=15'>>> link = '?'.join([url, qs])>>> link'foo.com/forum?filter=views&num=15'Step 4join url and querystringusing '?' as delimiter
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  Summary upper, lower,capitalize startswith and endswith strip, lstrip and rstrip splitting and joining strings21
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  © SkillBrew http://skillbrew.comResourcesString methods python docshttp://docs.Python.org/2/library/stdtypes.html#string-methods22
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