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Programming Under Linux In Python
This document provides an overview of the Python programming language, including its history, key features, syntax examples, and common uses. It also discusses how Python can be used under Linux and some potential issues.
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Programming Under Linux In Python
- 1.Programming Under LinuxIn Python Marwan Osman [email_address]
- 2.Agenda What isPython ???
- 3.
- 4.
- 5.
- 6.What is Python??? What is Python ???
- 7.
- 8.
- 9.
- 10.History Created byGuido von Rossum in 1990 (BDFL)
- 11.named after MontyPython's Flying Circus
- 12.
- 13.
- 14.Now works forGoogle
- 15.What is Python??? general-purpose high-level programming language, often used as a scripting language.
- 16.
- 17.incorporates modules, exceptions,dynamic typing, very high level dynamic data types, and classes, automatic memory management.
- 18.remarkable power withvery clear syntax.
- 19.has interfaces tomany system calls and libraries, as well as to various window systems, and is extensible in C or C++.
- 20.usable as anextension language for applications that need a programmable interface.
- 21.What is Python??? supports multiple programming paradigms (primarily object oriented, imperative, and functional)
- 22.portable: runs onmany Unix variants, on the Mac, and on PCs under MS-DOS, Windows, Windows NT, OS/2, FreeBSD Solaris, OS/2, Amiga,AROS, AS/400, BeOS, OS/390, z/OS, Palm OS, QNX, VMS, Psion, Acorn RISC OS, VxWorks, PlayStation, Sharp Zaurus, Windows CE and even PocketPC !
- 23.What is Python??? Developed and supported by a large team of volunteers - Python Software Foundation
- 24.Major implementations: CPython,Jython, Iron Python, PyPy CPython - implemented in C, the primary implementation
- 25.Jython - implementedfor the JVM
- 26.Pypy - implementedin Python
- 27.IronPython - implementedin C#, allows python to use the .NET libraries
- 28.Why Python ???What is Python ???
- 29.
- 30.
- 31.
- 32.Why Python ???Readability, maintainability, very clear readable syntax
- 33.Fast development andall just works the first time...
- 34.very high leveldynamic data types
- 35.Dynamic typing andautomatic memory management
- 36.Paradigm of yourchoice
- 37.Free and opensource Implemented under an open source license. Freely usable and distributable, even for commercial use. Simplicity , Great first language
- 38.
- 39.
- 40.Why Python ???GUI support – GUIs typically developed with Tk
- 41.
- 42.
- 43.Natural expression ofprocedural code
- 44.Full modularity, supportinghierarchical packages
- 45.
- 46.The ability tobe embedded within applications as a scripting interface
- 47.Scalable – canplay nicely with other languages
- 48.Batteries Included ThePython standard library is very extensive regular expressions, codecs
- 49.date and time,collections, theads and mutexs
- 50.OS and shelllevel functions (mv, rm, ls)
- 51.Support for SQLiteand Berkley databases
- 52.zlib, gzip, bz2,tarfile, csv, xml, md5, sha
- 53.
- 54.httplib, imaplib, nntplib,smtplib
- 55.and much, muchmore ...
- 56.Python Libraries Biopython- Bioinformatics
- 57.SciPy -Linear algebra, signal processing
- 58.NumPy - Fastcompact multidimensional arrays
- 59.PyGame - GameDevelopment
- 60.Visual Python -real-time 3D output
- 61.Django - High-levelpython Web framework
- 62.
- 63.E.g. Projects withPython Websites: Google, YouTube, Yahoo Groups & Maps, CIA.gov Appengine: http://code.google.com/appengine/
- 64.” Google: Pythonhas been an important part of Google since the beginning.”, Peter Norvig.
- 65.Python application serversand Python scripting to create the web UI for BigTable (their database project) Systems: NASA, LALN, CERN, Rackspace Nasa Nebula http://nebula.nasa.gov/about Games: Civilization 4, Quark (Quake Army Knife)
- 66.Mobile phones: NokiaS60 (Symbian), PythonCE
- 67.
- 68.Python Problems Scripting-likelanguage and compiled and runtime - hence slower than C/C+ + and slightly slower than Java
- 69.Memory economy hardto achieve (high level data-structures)
- 70.Relies on alocking mechanism called the Global Interpreter Lock (GIL) in multi-threading
- 71.Turn Arounds Writeextension libraries in C or C++
- 72.Use multiple processesinstead of multiple threads
- 73.Use a differentlanguage
- 74.
- 75.Syntax Walkthroughs Whatis Python ???
- 76.
- 77.
- 78.
- 79.Hello World Python2.6 Python 3.0 print (“Hello World”) print “Hello World”
- 80.Basics Numbers: Integers:4 , 8 , 15, 16 , 23 , 42 ,108
- 81.Floating point: 4.23, 42.8E-4
- 82.Complex Numbers: -5+4j, 2.3 – 4.6j Strings Immutable , Unicode by default
- 83.Single quotes, doublequotes ,triple quotes (multiline)
- 84.'Hello Word' ,”Hello World” , '''Hello World''' , ”””Hello World”””
- 85.Concatenation : 'What\'s' 'your name?'
- 86.automatically converted into "What's your name?”
- 87.Strings: format() >>>age= 25 >>>name = 'Swaroop' >>> print ( '{0} is {1} years old' .format(name, age)) Swaroop is 25 years old >>> '{0:.3}' .format( 1 / 3 ) '0.333' >>> '{0:_^11}' .format( 'hello' ) '___hello___' >>> '{name} wrote {book}' .format(name= 'Swaroop' , book= 'A Byte of Python' ) 'Swaroop wrote A Byte of Python'
- 88.Variables Naming identifiers: The first character be a letter of the alphabet (uppercase ASCII or lowercase ASCII or Unicode character) or an underscore ('_').
- 89.The rest ofthe identifier name can consist of letters (uppercase ASCII or lowercase ASCII or Unicode character), underscores ('_') or digits (0-9).
- 90.Identifier names arecase-sensitive. For example, myname and myName are not the same.
- 91.Valid identifier e.g.:i, __my_name, name_23, a1b2_c3, resumÃÆâ€TMƢ€™Ãƒ¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚©_count. invalid identifier e.g.: 2things, my-name
- 92.Indentation Python useswhitespace to determine blocks of code def greet (person): if person == “Tim”: print (“Hello Master”) else : print (“Hello {name}”.format(name=person))
- 93.Control Flow if guess == number: #do something elif guess < number: #do something else else : #do something else while True : #do something #break when done break else : #do something when the loop ends for i in range( 1 , 5 ): print (i) else : print ( 'The for loop is over' ) #1,2,3,4 for i in range( 1 , 5 , 2 ): print (i) else : print ( 'The for loop is over' ) #1,3
- 94.Data Structures ListMutable data type, array-like
- 95.[1, 2, 4,“Hello”, False]
- 96.list.sort() ,list.append() ,len(list),list[i] Tuple Immutable data type, faster than lists
- 97.(1, 2, 3,“Hello”, False) Dictionary {42: “The answer”, “key”: “value”} Set ([“list”, “of”, “values”])
- 98.Functions Order isimportant unless using the name
- 99.Default arguments aresupported def sayHello (): print ( 'Hello World!' ) def foo (name, age, address) : pass foo( 'Tim' , address= 'Home' , age= 36 ) def greet (name= 'World' )
- 100.Functions Variable lengthargs acceptable as a list or dict def total (initial= 5 , *numbers, **keywords): count = initial for number in numbers: count += number for key in keywords: count += keywords[key] return count print (total( 10 , 1 , 2 , 3 , vegetables= 50 , fruits= 100 ))
- 101.Functions def printMax (x, y): '''Prints the maximum of two numbers. The two values must be integers.''' x = int(x) # convert to integers, if possible y = int(y) if x > y: r eturn x else : r eturn y printMax( 3 , 5 )
- 102.Modules Any pythonfile is considered a module
- 103.Modules can beimported or run by themselves if __name__ == '__main__' : print ( 'This program is being run by itself' ) else : print ( 'I am being imported from another module' )
- 104.Modules #!/usr/bin/python #Filename: mymodule_demo.py import mymodule mymodule.sayhi() print ( 'Version' , mymodule.__version__) #!/usr/bin/python # Filename: mymodule.py def sayhi (): print ( 'Hi, this is mymodule speaking.' ) __version__ = '0.1' # End of mymodule.py
- 105.OOP class MyClass : """This is a docstring.""" name = "Eric" def say (self): return ( 'My name is {0}' .format(name)) instance = MyClass() print instance.say()
- 106.OOP class Person : def __init__ (self, name): self.name = name def __del__ (self): print ( 'deleting this person' ,self.name) def sayHi (self): print ( 'Hello, my name is' , self.name) p = Person( 'Swaroop' ) p.sayHi() del p
- 107.OOP All classmembers (including the data members) are public and all the methods are virtual in Python.
- 108.Double undersocre prefixturns them private e.g.: __privatevar, Inheritance
- 109.MetaClasses class SchoolMember (metaclass=ABCMeta): @abstractmethod def tell (self): pass class Teacher (SchoolMember):
- 110.Input & Output#input something = input( 'Enter text: ' ) #output print (something)
- 111.Files myString =”This is a test string” f = open( 'test.txt' , 'w' ) # open for 'w'riting f.write(myString) # write text to file f.close() # close the file f = open( 'test.txt' ) #read mode while True : line = f.readline() if len(line) == 0 : # Zero length indicates EOF break print (line, end= '' ) f.close() # close the file
- 112.Pickle importpickle shoplistfile = 'shoplist.data' shoplist = [ 'apple' , 'mango' , 'carrot' ] f = open(shoplistfile, 'wb' ) pickle.dump(shoplist, f) # dump the object to a file f.close() del shoplist # destroy the shoplist variable f = open(shoplistfile, 'rb' ) storedlist = pickle.load(f) # load the object from the file print (storedlist)
- 113.More … ExceptionHandling
- 114.
- 115.
- 116.
- 117.Linux and PythonWhat is Python ???
- 118.
- 119.
- 120.
- 121.Linux and PythonInstalled by default in most distros
- 122.Various editors Texteditors, IDLE , plugins for eclipse & Netbeans Embeddable in many applications as scripting interface Rhythmbox, Blender, OpenOffice, BitTorrent, ...
- 123.Linux and Python” Talk is cheap. Show me the code.” Linus Torvalds
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- 131.Open Office macroscript for python syntax Highlighing Demo #!usr/bin/python #Send a new Tweet from getpass import getpass import tweepy username = raw_input( 'Twitter username: ' ) password = getpass( 'Twitter password: ' ) basic_auth = tweepy.BasicAuthHandler(username, password) api = tweepy.API(basic_auth) api.update_status( "Hello Twitter !!! I'm a Pythoneer" )
- 132.
- 133.
- 134.Learn Python in10 minutes: http://www.poromenos.org/tutorials/python
- 135.Byte of Python: http://www.swaroopch.com/notes/Python
- 136.Dive Into Python: http://diveintopython.org/
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- 138.
- 139.