The document explains Python modules, which are program files that encapsulate functions, classes, or variables, enabling logical code organization. It describes how to import modules using import and from-import statements and how to use the import as feature to rename modules. Additionally, it covers the dir() and reload() functions for managing modules and introduces Python packages for organizing code in a hierarchical structure.

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Modules in Python Programming

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  MODULESIN PYTHON PROGRAMMING
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  MODULES A pythonmodules can be defined as a python program file. It contains – functions, class or variables. Modules in Python provide us the flexibility to organize the code in a logical way. Example:def myModule(name)print(“Hi!”, name); Save the above code with <filename>.py
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  LOADING A MODULEIN PYTHON CODE Python provides 2 types of statements: Import Statement From-import Statement
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  IMPORT STATEMENT Importstatement is used to import all the functionality of one module into another. We can import multiple modules with a single import statement, but a module is loaded once regardlessof the number of times. Syntax:import module1, modeule2, . . . . , module n Example:import filename = input(“Enter your name:”)file.displayMsg(name)
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  FROM-IMPORT STATEMENT Itprovides the flexibility to import only the specific attributes of a module. Syntax:from <module-name> import <name1>, <name2> . . . Calculation.pydef sum(a,b):return a + bdef mul(a,b):return a * bdef div(a,b):return a/b
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  EXAMPLE Myprogram.pyfrom calculationimport sum #it will import only the sum() from calculation.pya = int(input(“Enter the first number”))b = int(input(“Enter the second number”))print(“Sum = “, sum(a,b))
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  IMPORT AS STATEMENT[RENAMING A MODULE] Python provides us the flexibility to import some module with a specific name so that we can use thisname to use that module in python source file. Syntax:import <module-name> as <specific-name> Example:import calculation as cal;a = int(input(“Enter first number”))b = int(input(“Enter second number”))print(“Sum = “, cal.sum(a,b))
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  DIR( ) FUNCTIONThe dir( ) function returns a sorted list of names defined in the passed module. This list contains all the sub-modules, variables and functions defined in this module. Example:import jsonlist = dir(json)print(list)
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  RELOAD( ) FUNCTIONIf you want to reload the already imported module to re-execute the top-level code, python provides usthe reload( ) function. Syntax:reload(<module-name>) Example:reload(calculation)
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  PYTHON PACKAGES Thepackages in python facilitate the developer with the application development environment byproviding a hierarichical directory structure where a package contains sub-packages, modules, and sub-modules. The packages are used to categorize the application level code efficiently.
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  EXAMPLE OF PACKAGELibrary management system which contains three sub-packages as Admin, Librarian, and student. Thesub-packages contain the python modules.