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KNOWLEDGE TECHNOLOGIES:OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGESFariz Dararifariz@cs.ui.ac.idDec 8, 2017 Hosted by

Fariz Darari• 1988: Born in Malang• 2010: BSc in Computer Science at Universitas Indonesia• 2013: MSc in Computational Logic at University of Bolzano,Italy and TU Dresden, GermanyBest Thesis Award and Enno-Heidebroek Award• 2017: PhD in Computational Logic at University of Bolzano,Italy and TU Dresden, Germany• 2017: Lecturer at Faculty of CS, Universitas Indonesia

• Knowledge Technologies: Motivations• Semantic Web• Knowledge Bases These Days (= Zaman Now)• Wikidata• DBpedia• Applications• Discussion: Challenges & OpportunitiesMenu

What if the knowledge in your brains,*can be queried by computers?*notice the plural form

What if the knowledge in your brains,can be queried by computers?Can you imagine what kind of advancementscan be made to humanity?

What if the knowledge in your brains,can be queried by computers?Can you imagine what kind of advancementscan be made to humanity?Stay tuned, will present you an answer to this question some slides later!

... if properly designed,the Semantic Web can assistthe evolution of human knowledgeas a whole.– Tim Berners-LeeInventor of the (Semantic) Web

What is the Semantic Web?The set of technologies to put knowledge on the Web,that is based on the following four principles:1. Use URIs (Universal Resource Identifiers)* for identifying things2. Use HTTP** URIs so people can look up those names3. When someone looks up a URI, provide useful knowledgeusing the standards: RDF and SPARQL.4. Include links to other URIs, so they can discover more thingshttps://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData.html* URI = just like URL (web address), but you use it to identify things just like barcode for supermarket stuff!** HTTP = the mechanism you use every time you access the Web!

Semantic Web IRL (In Real Life)

Semantic Web Standardsthe data guythe schema guythe query guy

RDF in one slidethe data guy• Data model, based on S-P-O triple structure (Subject, Predicate, Object)• Used for describing things, yes, every, single, thingAnd anyway, RDF = Resource Description Framework• Key features:• RDF data can be exported in JSON and XML• RDF links things, not just documents• RDF links are typedTelkomUniversity somelink BandungTelkomUniversity locatedIn Bandung

OWL in one slide• Schema (=Ontology) language, describing vocabularies• Yes, it is on the meta-level!• Short for: Web Ontology Language (WOL? No, it is OWL!)• Key features:• Reasoning: you can check if your knowledge is consistent/not!• Reasoning again: you can conclude new thingsbased on existing facts.• Very simple example:owl SubClassOf bird + bird SubClassOf animal + owl EquivalentClass strigifomesNow, if Bobi is a Strigifomes, do you think Bobi is an animal?the schema guy

OWL in one slide• Schema (=Ontology) language, describing vocabularies• Yes, it is on the meta-level!• Short for: Web Ontology Language (WOL? No, it is OWL!)• Key features:• Reasoning: you can check if your knowledge is consistent/not!• Reasoning again: you can conclude new thingsbased on existing facts.• Very simple example:owl SubClassOf bird + bird SubClassOf animal + owl EquivalentClass strigifomesNow, if Bobi is a Strigifomes, do you think Bobi is an animal? OWL will say:the schema guy

OWL in one slide• Schema (=Ontology) language, describing vocabularies• Yes, it is on the meta-level!• Short for: Web Ontology Language (WOL? No, it is OWL!)• Key features:• Reasoning: you can check if your knowledge is consistent/not!• Reasoning again: you can conclude new thingsbased on existing facts.• Very simple example:owl SubClassOf bird + bird SubClassOf animal + owl EquivalentClass strigifomesNow, if Bobi is a Strigifomes, do you think Bobi is an animal? OWL will say: "YES!"the schema guy

SPARQL in one slidethe query guy• Query language: If RDF captures knowledge,SPARQL asks questions about knowledge!• Short for: SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language• Key features: Asking for knowledge, is a KEY feature!• Very simple example:TelkomUniversity locatedIn BandungBandung headOfGov RidwanKamilTelkomUniversity instanceOf UniversityIt is SPARQLing!SELECT ?university WHERE {?university instanceOf University .?university locatedIn ?city .?city headOfGov RidwanKamil }Guess what this query is asking for?HINT: Question mark (?) represents variables to matchwith RDF data!

Knowledge Bases (KBs) These Days (Zaman Now)KB THEN KB ALMOST NOWKB NOW

Knowledge Bases (KBs) These Days (Zaman Now)KB NOW

Knowledge Bases (KBs) These Days (Zaman Now)KB NOWSubjectPredicatePredicatePredicateObjectObjectObjectReminds you of something?

Knowledge Bases (KBs) These Days (Zaman Now)KB NOWSubjectPredicatePredicatePredicateObjectObjectObjectReminds you of something?the data guy

Knowledge Bases (KBs) These Days (Zaman Now)KB NOWSubjectPredicatePredicatePredicateObjectObjectObjectReminds you of something?the data guybtw, every subject in Wikidata has its own identifier, the URI is made by: Wikidata domain + identifier

Knowledge Bases (KBs) These Days (Zaman Now)KB NOWSubjectPredicatePredicatePredicateObjectObjectObjectReminds you of something?the data guybtw, every subject in Wikidata has its own identifier, the URI is made by: Wikidata domain + identifier= P31= P571= Q4830453= Q10389

Knowledge Bases (KBs) These Days (Zaman Now)the query guyhttp://tinyurl.com/yc6jsmhv

Knowledge Bases (KBs) These Days (Zaman Now)the query guyhttp://tinyurl.com/y84kyl4d

Knowledge Bases (KBs) These Days (Zaman Now)the schema guyOwlInWinnieThePooh instanceOf fictionalOwlfictionalOwl subClassOf fictionalBirdfictionalBird subClassOf fictionalAnimal

Knowledge Bases (KBs) These Days (Zaman Now)Wikidata key features:• It is like Wikipedia but for data!• It is under Wikimedia foundation• It is crowdsourced, anyone can add data• It is free• It's got 326 million facts about 40 millionsubjects! (Wikipedia only has 5 million subjects!)• It loves the Semantic Web

Knowledge Bases (KBs) These Days (Zaman Now)

Knowledge Bases (KBs) These Days (Zaman Now)DBpedia key features:• It extracts data from Wikipedia infoboxes(summary box on top right corner).• It is free• It's got 13 BILLION facts about 7 millionsubjects!• It loves the Semantic Web

Knowledge Bases (KBs) These Days (Zaman Now)DBpedia key features:• It extracts data from Wikipedia infoboxes(summary box on top right corner).• It is free• It's got 13 BILLION facts about 7 millionsubjects!• It loves the Semantic Web• DBpedia Indonesia is available, hosted byFaculty of Computer Science, Univ. Indonesia

Knowledge Bases (KBs) From Time to Time(Semantic) Knowledge Bases in 2007

Knowledge Bases (KBs) From Time to Time(Semantic) Knowledge Bases in 2017

Application: Answer EngineTHEN: Search Engine

Application: Answer EngineNOW: Answer Engine

Application: Answer EngineQuestion: When was Soekarno born?

Question: When was Soekarno born?http://id.dbpedia.org/page/SoekarnoApplication: DBpedia-powered Answer Engine

Application: DBpedia-powered Answer EngineQuestion: When was Soekarno born?Borrow Techniques fromNatural Language ProcessingSELECT ?birthDateWHERE {<http://id.dbpedia.org/resource/Soekarno> <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/birthDate> ?birthDate}SPARQL Query over DBpediahttp://id.dbpedia.org/sparql

Application: Timeline Infographics

Application: Timeline InfographicsTask: Create timeline of Indonesian national heroes based on their birthdates!Without Wikidata:- Read by eyes websites about national heroes (there are all 173 heroes!)- Gather information manually- Visualize information manuallyTotal time spent: 24+ hours!

Application: Wikidata-powered Timeline InfographicsTask: Create timeline of Indonesian national heroes based on their birthdates!With Wikidata (and Histropedia):- Formulate and evaluate the query- VOILA: Beautiful timeline infographics created!Total time spent: 10 minutes!

Application: Wikidata-powered Timeline Infographics

bit.ly/timelinePahlawanNasional

Bonus: Wikidata-powered Tablehttps://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_Jasmerah/List/IndonesianNationalHeroes

By the way, let's join Jasmerah, for better (data about the) Indonesian history!https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_Jasmerah

Application: Wikidata-powered Virtual Doctordr Wikidata: Tell me your symptoms

Application: Wikidata-powered Virtual Doctordr Wikidata: Tell me your symptomsPatient: I feel like fatigue, headache,joint pain, and vomitting

Application: Wikidata-powered Virtual Doctordr Wikidata: Tell me your symptomsPatient: I feel like fatigue, headache,joint pain, and vomittingdr Wikidata: From what I know,you most likely get dengue fever!

Application: Wikidata-powered Virtual DoctorBehind the sceneshttp://tinyurl.com/y96cpbx8

Application: What is the news about?http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2017/10/20/telkom-plans-to-acquire-three-foreign-firms.html

Application: What is the news about?

Application: What is the news about?Cross-dataset knowledge discovery!

Data QualitySymptoms of Dengue Fever do not include fever!

Completeness: Is the data completeenough? Is it of sufficient breadth anddepth?Accuracy: How accurate is the data? Isit reliable and verifiable?Timeliness: Is the data up-to-date? Isthe latest data included?Data Quality

Data Qualityhttp://d-nb.info/1136571418

Data PopulationHow tocreatedata?

Data ConsumptionHow to reduce technologicallearning steep for developersand end-users?Can we build more killer apps?

Data ScalabilityAre we readyfor dataexplosion?

Data FusionHow to combinestructured dataand unstructureddata (= text)?

Data AnalyticsWhat can beanalyzed, andhow fast?

Knowledge Technologies: Opportunities and Challenges

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