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Tomasz Pluskiewicz PGS SoftwareINTRODUCTION TOTHE SEMANTIC WEB2012-11-28Introduction to the Semantic Web 1

Agenda What is the Semantic Web? What is data in the Semantic Web? Storing and publishing semantic data Querying the Semantic Web What is there for developers? How does the Semantic Web compare? So who actually does the Semantic Web?2012-11-28Introduction to the Semantic Web2

What is the Semantic Web?2012-11-283Introduction to the Semantic Web

What is the Semantic Web? Semantics = meaning (from Greek) Set of practices and standards Synonymous or related to: Web of data Linked data (cloud) Giant Global Graph (GGG) Web 3.0 Open Data Big Data2012-11-28Introduction to the Semantic Web4

So what is it about? Allowing machines to understand data Ease sharing and mixing data Extend the World Wide Web rather thanreplace it2012-11-28Introduction to the Semantic Web5

Little bit of history 1969: paper Semantic Information Processingby Ross Quillial 1980s: CYC and WordNet mid- to late 1990s: Tim Berners-Lee coins theterm Semantic Web Today: dbpedia: 1.2m triples2012-11-28Introduction to the Semantic Web6

RepresentationThe basics of semantic data2012-11-288Introduction to the Semantic Web

It’s all about resources Extensive use of URIs (and most often URLs) (Almost) everyting is a URI Example URIs: http://infusion.com/people/tpluskiewicz urn:isbn:1898432023 http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/firstName2012-11-28Introduction to the Semantic Web10

It’s all findable about resources2012-11-28 Identifier Representation Resource itself11 URI (URL?) HTML, RDF Described objectIntroduction to the Semantic WebIdentifier URI should be different than the representationURIIdentifiers should not change

Cool URIs Resource and representation have differentURIs Hash URIs http://www.example.com/about#alice http://www.example.com/about.html „Normal” URIs http://www.example.com/id/bob http://www.example.com/people/bob.html2012-11-28Introduction to the Semantic Web12

Resource Description Format Facts and relations organized in triples Triples mimic natural language sentences Graphical representation is a directed graphMy name is Tomasz Pluskiewicz.My age is 26.I work for PGS Software.2012-11-28Introduction to the Semantic Web14

Resource Description Frameworkex:tpluskiewicz2012-11-28Introduction to the Semantic Web15TomaszPluskiewicz26foaf:fullNameex:PGS-Software

Serializing RDF triples2012-11-28 RDF/XML (.rdf) Notation3 (.n3) N-Triples (.nt) Turtle (.ttl) JSON-LD TriG (.trig) TriX (.trix) application/rdf+xml text/n3 text/plain text/turtle16Format MIME typeIntroduction to the Semantic Web

RDF/XML vs Turtle2012-11-28 Difficult to author Verbose No cannonicalserialization Simple Concise Has means offurther compressingcontent17RDF/XML TurtleIntroduction to the Semantic Web

There can be multiple graphs Sets of triples form graphs Graphs can be named with a URI Named graph are also resources, hence therecan be triples describing those graphs2012-11-28Introduction to the Semantic Web18

Adding meaningThe basics of semantic data2012-11-2819Introduction to the Semantic Web

Basics of RDF(S) resources2012-11-28 rdfs:Resource rdfs:Class rdfs:Property rdfs:Datatype rdfs:Literal rdf:type rdfs:label rdfs:subClassOf rdfs:subPropertyOf rdfs:range rdfs:domain21classes propertiesIntroduction to the Semantic Web

Web Ontology Language OWL: Lite, DL and Full OWL 2: EL, QL and RL Defining constraints Enables defining complex rules Uses specialized syntaxes Base terms: owl:Thing, owl:Nothing,owl:DatatypeProperty, owl:ObjectProperty,owl:sameAs2012-11-28Introduction to the Semantic Web22

Common ontologies Friend of a Friend Dublin Core SIOC SKOS UMBEL Suggested Upper Merged Ontology2012-11-28Introduction to the Semantic Web23 Geonames BIBO

Specialized ontologies Gene Ontology GOLD (General O. for Linguistic Description) Foundational Model of Anatomy GoodRelations Lexvo2012-11-28Introduction to the Semantic Web24

Storing and publishing2012-11-2826Introduction to the Semantic Web

Storing in relational databases Mapping tables to triples: D2RQ R2RML Ultrawrap Using RDBMS with RDF built-in capabilities Oracle 11g Virtuoso Jena SDB IBM DB22012-11-28Introduction to the Semantic Web27

Native triplestores Using native triple (quad) stores Virtuoso AllegroGraph BigOWLIM Jena TDB 4store Stardog Dydra2012-11-28Introduction to the Semantic Web28

Publishing data easily Embedding semantic markup in HTML Microformats Microdata RDFa Directly publishing RDF documentshttp://manu.sporny.org/2011/uber-comparison-rdfa-md-uf/2012-11-28Introduction to the Semantic Web29

Microformats example2012-11-28<ul><li>Joe Doe</li><li>The Example Company</li><li>604-555-1234</li><li><a>Website</a></li></ul>30<ul class="vcard"><li class="vcard">Joe Doe</li><li class="org">The Example Company</li><li class="tel">604-555-1234</li><li><a class="url">Website</a></li></ul>Introduction to the Semantic Web

Microdata example<section itemscope itemtype="http://data-vocabulary.org/Person">Hello, my name is John Doe,I am a graduate research assistantat the University of Dreams.My friends call me Johnny.You can visit my homepage at<a href="http://www.JohnnyD.com"itemprop="url">www.JohnnyD.com</a>.<section itemprop="address" itemscopeitemtype="http://data-vocabulary.org/Address">I live at 1234 Peach DriveWarner Robins ,Georgia.</section></section>2012-11-28Introduction to the Semantic Web31

RDFa exampleIn his latest book<cite property="dc:title">Wikinomics</cite>,Don Tapscottexplains deep changes in technology, demographics and business.The book is due to be published inOctober2006.2012-11-28Introduction to the Semantic Web32

Publishing queryable data SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language Remote queries through SPARQL Endpoints SPARQL 1.1 features: ASK, SELECT, DESCRIBE, CONSTRUCT Aggregates Federated queries Extensibilty, XPath, subqueries SPARQL Update2012-11-28Introduction to the Semantic Web34

SPARQL Examples2012-11-28Introduction to the Semantic Web35

SPARQL + rules = SPIN SPARQL Inferencing Developed by TopQuadrant Components of SPIN: Represent SPARQL queries as RDF triples Allow modularizing queries with spin:Function andspin:Template spin:MagicProperty ASK to create constraints CONSTRUCT to create rules2012-11-28Introduction to the Semantic Web36

Constraints and rules2012-11-2837Introduction to the Semantic Web

Functions and templates2012-11-2838Introduction to the Semantic Web

What is there for developers? dotNetRDF Jena/ARQ Rdflib RDF.rb EasyRdf Rdfquery Redland (Web)Protégé TopBraid Composer NeOn OntoWiki Semantic MediaWiki Cubic WebProgramming tools Design tools and frameworks

Semantic Web vs X2012-11-2840Introduction to the Semantic Web

Semantic Web vs XML2012-11-28 Data representation(model) Graph xsd and XPath Schema defined withRDFS or OWL URI identifiers Data serialization(syntax) Tree xsd and XPath DTD or XML schema No built-in identifiers41Semantic Web (RDF) XMLIntroduction to the Semantic Web

Semantic Web vs REST2012-11-28 URIs identify resources HTTP encouraged toallow dereferencing Uniform RDF messages Resources are linked(triples) Application specific Resource Identification Uniform Interface Self-DescribingMessages Hypermedia DrivingApplication State Stateless Interactions42Semantic Web RESTIntroduction to the Semantic Web

Semantic Web vs RDBMS2012-11-28 SPARQL Felxible and extensibleschema Easy data distribution Depends on vendor Easier process BI Open World SQL Schema must be definedfirst and is rather rigid Painful replication ACID Transactions Strict ETL Closed World43Semantic Web Relational databasesIntroduction to the Semantic Web

Semantic Web vs NoSQL2012-11-28 SPARQL Graph Schemaless Named graphs Built on standards andinteroperability Can seem scientific andcomplicated Various APIs Graph, doc, key-value Schemaless Documents (doc DBs) Tackle specific problems(latency, scale, perf.) Designed for easyadoption44Semantic Web NoSQLIntroduction to the Semantic Web

Who actually does the Semantic Web?Is it happening?2012-11-2846Introduction to the Semantic Web

Linked data and open data Dbpedia Freebase Geonames Social data Media Government data Publications Many many other datahub.io lod.openlinksw.com data.gov data.gov.uk datadotgc.ca openlibrary.org bnb.data.bl.uk2012-11-28Introduction to the Semantic Webhttp://richard.cyganiak.de/2007/10/lod/lod-datasets_2011-09-19_colored.html

Who does the Semantic Web?2012-11-28 IBM DB2 Open ServicesLifecycleCollaboration Linked DataPlatform Oracle 11g Triplestore Reasoner48IBM OracleIntroduction to the Semantic Web

Who does the Semantic Web?2012-11-28 Webmaster tools Knowledge graph Freebase RDFa/Microdata(also Yahoo) Open GraphProtocol49Google FacebookIntroduction to the Semantic Web

Who does the Semantic Web?2012-11-28Thousands of datasetsSome offered in RDFLinked by Linking OpenGovernment Data project(200 datasets)Open GovernmentPartnership (50+countries) Gene research Languageprocessing Semantic MediaWiki50Government/public data Academic workIntroduction to the Semantic Web

Where to learn in person? Semantic Technology & Business Conference Berlin, London, New York, San Francisco European Semantic Web Symposium International Semantic Web Conference International World Wide Web Conference International Conference on Semantic Weband Web Services Semantic Web Applications and Tools for LifeSciences2012-11-28Introduction to the Semantic Web51

Some interesting links... http://semanticweb.com/ http://patterns.dataincubator.org/book/ http://www.w3.org/standards/semanticweb/ http://spinrdf.org Wikipedia http://semanticweb.com/breaking-into-the-nosql-conversation_b27146 http://gigaom.com/2012/03/11/is-big-data-new-or-have-we-forgotten-its-old-heroes/ http://www.snee.com/bobdc.blog/2012/10/sparql-and-big-data-and-nosql.html http://dret.net/netdret/docs/soa-rest-www2009/rest http://www.mkbergman.com/ http://www.cambridgesemantics.com/semantic-university2012-11-28Introduction to the Semantic Web52

...and some books David Wood, Linked Data, Manning Bob DuCharme, Learning SPARQL, O’Reilly Toby Segaran, Programming the Semantic Web, O’Reilly John Hebeler, Semantic Web Programming, Wiley David Siegel, Pull: The Power of the Semantic Web to Transform YourBusiness, Portfolio2012-11-28Introduction to the Semantic Web53

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