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Line follower competition.Introduction to...Arduino

Contents: Introduction [20 min]:1. What is Micro-Controller?2. What is Arduino?3. Types of Arduino.4. Arduino UNO board.5. Sensors:- Digital, Analog sensors.- Light sensors [IR sensor, Photo-Resistor]. Coding structure and examples [30 min]:1. Data types and operators.2. What is “Function”?3. Control statements [if, if… else, switch case.].4. Loop statements[while, for, do… while.].5. Common functions. Workshop[20 min] DC motor control:

IntroductionDesign, organize, and collaborate

Famous microcontrollermanufacturers are MicroChip,Atmel, Intel, Analog devices, andmore.[list]It is a micro-computer. As anycomputer it has internal CPU, RAM,IOs interface.It is used for control purposes, andfor data analysis.Micro-Controller:

Arduino. What is Arduino?A microcontroller board, contains on-board power supply, USBport to communicate with PC, and an Atmel microcontrollerchip.It simplify the process of creating any control system byproviding the standard board that can be programmed andconnected to the system without the need to any sophisticatedPCB design and implementation.It is an open source hardware, any one can get the details of itsdesign and modify it or make his own one himself.

Arduino boards:UNO Mega LilyPadArduino BT Arduino Nano Arduino Mini

Arduino UNO:Digital output~: PWM.0,1: Serial port.In circuit SerialprogrammingAtmelMicroControllerAnalog input.Power SupplyUSB portPower input

Digitalandanalog. Digital or Analog?All physical quantities are analog.Analog means that the quantity can take any value between itsminimum value and maximum value.Digital means that the quantity can take specific levels of valueswith specific offset between each other.Ex: 1- Digital:English alpha consists of 26 letter, there is no letter between Aand B.- Square waves are Digital.Ex.: 2- Analog:Temperature, can take any value[-1,12.8,25.002,… etc.].- Sine waves are analog.

Sensors Sensors:A device that transforms the physical quantity into electricalvalue.Ex.: Light sensor transduce the light into change in voltage orresistance.

Sensors Light sensors:- Photo-Resistor [photo-cell].- Photo-Diode.- Photo-Transistor.

Sensors Photo Resistor:- The value of the resistance depends onthe incident light density.- 1 K-Ohm at light, 10 K-Ohm atdarkness.Photo Diode:- The current is controlled by the incident light density.Photo Transistor:- Base-emitter junction is controlledby the incident light density, has anamplification effect.

Arduino Coding.Stylize, edit, and animate your media

Integer: used with integer variables with value between2147483647 and -2147483647.Ex: int x=1200;Character: used with single character, represent value from -127 to 128.Ex. char c=‘r’;Long: Long variables are extended size variables for numberstorage, and store 32 bits (4 bytes), from -2,147,483,648 to2,147,483,647.Ex. long u=199203;Floating-point numbers can be as large as 3.4028235E+38and as low as -3.4028235E+38. They are stored as 32 bits (4bytes) of information.Ex. float num=1.291; [The same as double type]Data Types and operatorsYou may need to know about these typed: Array, Boolean, byte, etc. here.

Statement represents a command, it ends with ;Ex:int x;x=13;Operators are symbols that used to indicate a specificfunction:- Math operators: [+,-,*,/,%,^]- Logic operators: [==, !=, &&, ||]- Comparison operators: [==, >, <, !=, <=, >=]Syntax:; Semicolon, {} curly braces, //single linecomment, /*Multi-line comments*/Statement and operators:

Compound Operators:++ (increment)-- (decrement)+= (compound addition)-= (compound subtraction)*= (compound multiplication)/= (compound division)Statement and operators:

If Conditioning:if(condition){statements-1;…Statement-N;}else if(condition2){Statements;}Else{statements;}Control statements:

Switch case:switch (var) {case 1://do something when var equals 1break;case 2://do something when var equals 2break;default:// if nothing else matches, do the default// default is optional}Control statements:

Do… while:do{Statements;}while(condition); // the statements are run at least once.While:While(condition){statements;}forfor (int i=0; i <= val; i++){statements;}Loop statements:Use break statement to stop the loop whenever needed.

Void setup(){}Used to indicate the initial values of system on starting.Void loop(){}Contains the statements that will run whenever thesystem is powered after setup.Code structure:

Led blinking example:Used functions:pinMode();digitalRead();digitalWrite();delay(time_ms);other functions:analogRead();analogWrite();//PWM.Input and output:

Motor control using Arduino:Make a motor rotate 2 sec clockwise, and 5 sec counter-clockwise in an infinite loop;Time: 10 min.Workshop:

References…Start learning Arduino from here…

You can download the Arduino IDE(The program used to write code anduploading it to arduino boards) from:http://arduino.cc/en/Main/SoftwareArduino IDE:

Here you can learn how to program Arduino and what each codemeans and do, from here:http://arduino.cc/en/Reference/HomePageArduino Reference:

VLSI EGY- I.GEEK – S3GeeksThanks for coming 

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