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HTML BasicsHTML BasicsHTML,Text, Images,TablesShabab ShihanShabab Shihanshababshihan.comshababshihan.com

Table of Contents1. Introduction to HTML How the Web Works? What is a Web Page? My First HTML Page Basic Tags: Hyperlinks, Images, Formatting Headings and Paragraphs1. HTML in Details The <!DOCTYPE> Declaration The <head> Section: Title, Meta, Script, Style2

Table of Contents (2)2. HTML in Details The <body> Section Text Styling and Formatting Tags Hyperlinks: <a>, Hyperlinks and Sections Images: <img> Lists: <ol>, <ul> and <dl> The <div> and <span> elements HTML Tables HTML Forms3

How the Web Works? WWW use classical client / server architecture HTTP is text-based request-response protocol44Client runningClient runninga Web Browsera Web BrowserServer runningServer runningWeb ServerWeb ServerSoftware (IIS,Software (IIS,Apache, etc.)Apache, etc.)ServerServerresponseresponseHTTPHTTPHTTPHTTP

What is a Web Page? Web pages are text files containing HTML HTML – Hyper Text Markup Language A notation for describing document structure (semantic markup) formatting (presentation markup) Looks (looked?) like: A Microsoft Word document The markup tags provide information aboutthe page content structure5

Creating HTML Pages An HTML file must have an .htm or .html fileextension HTML files can be created with text editors: NotePad, NotePad ++, PSPad Or HTML editors (WYSIWYG Editors): Microsoft FrontPage Macromedia Dreamweaver Netscape Composer Microsoft Word Visual Studio6

Skype: shabab.shihan1Twitter: http://bit.ly/1HkfemTFacebook: http://on.fb.me/1N3DhbNLinkedin: http://bit.ly/1RGnZNFPortfolio site: www.shababshihan.comFor hire me create your website: http://bit.ly/1GTFk5b

HTML Structure HTML is comprised of “elements” and “tags” Begins with <html> and ends with </html> Elements (tags) are nested one inside another: Tags have attributes: HTML describes structure using two main sections:<head> and <body>9<html> <head></head> <body></body> </html><html> <head></head> <body></body> </html><img src="logo.jpg" alt="logo" /><img src="logo.jpg" alt="logo" />

HTML Code Formatting The HTML source code should be formatted toincrease readability and facilitate debugging. Every block element should start on a new line. Every nested (block) element should be indented. Browsers ignore multiple whitespaces in the pagesource, so formatting is harmless. For performance reasons, formatting can besacrificed10

First HTML Page11<!DOCTYPE HTML><!DOCTYPE HTML><html><html><head><head><title>My First HTML Page</title><title>My First HTML Page</title></head></head><body><body><p>This is some text...</p><p>This is some text...</p></body></body></html></html>test.htmltest.html

<!DOCTYPE HTML><!DOCTYPE HTML><html><html><head><head><title>My First HTML Page</title><title>My First HTML Page</title></head></head><body><body><p>This is some text...</p><p>This is some text...</p></body></body></html></html>First HTML Page: Tags12OpeningOpeningtagtagClosing tagClosing tagAn HTML element consists of an opening tag, a closing tagand the content inside.

<!DOCTYPE HTML><!DOCTYPE HTML><html><html><head><head><title>My First HTML Page</title><title>My First HTML Page</title></head></head><body><body><p>This is some text...</p><p>This is some text...</p></body></body></html></html>First HTML Page: Header13HTMLHTMLheaderheader

<!DOCTYPE HTML><!DOCTYPE HTML><html><html><head><head><title>My First HTML Page</title><title>My First HTML Page</title></head></head><body><body><p>This is some text...</p><p>This is some text...</p></body></body></html></html>First HTML Page: Body14HTML bodyHTML body

Some Simple Tags Hyperlink Tags Image Tags Text formatting tags15<a href="http://www.shababshihan.com/"<a href="http://www.shababshihan.com/"title="Telerik">Link to shihsn Web site</a>title="Telerik">Link to shihsn Web site</a><img src="logo.gif" alt="logo" /><img src="logo.gif" alt="logo" />This text is <em>emphasized.</em>This text is <em>emphasized.</em><br />new line<br /><br />new line<br />This one is <strong>more emphasized.</strong>This one is <strong>more emphasized.</strong>

Some Simple Tags – Example16<!DOCTYPE HTML><!DOCTYPE HTML><html><html><head><head><title>Simple Tags Demo</title><title>Simple Tags Demo</title></head></head><body><body><a href="http://www.shababshihan.com/" title=<a href="http://www.shababshihan.com/" title="Telerik site">This is a link.</a>"Telerik site">This is a link.</a><br /><br /><img src="logo.gif" alt="logo" /><img src="logo.gif" alt="logo" /><br /><br /><strong>Bold</strong> and <em>italic</em> text.<strong>Bold</strong> and <em>italic</em> text.</body></body></html></html>some-tags.htmlsome-tags.html

Some Simple Tags – Example(2)17<!DOCTYPE HTML><!DOCTYPE HTML><html><html><head><head><title>Simple Tags Demo</title><title>Simple Tags Demo</title></head></head><body><body><a href="http://www. shababshihancom/" title=<a href="http://www. shababshihancom/" title=““shihan site">This is a link.</a>shihan site">This is a link.</a><br /><br /><img src="logo.gif" alt="logo" /><img src="logo.gif" alt="logo" /><br /><br /><strong>Bold</strong> and <em>italic</em> text.<strong>Bold</strong> and <em>italic</em> text.</body></body></html></html>some-tags.htmlsome-tags.html

Tags Attributes Tags can have attributes Attributes specify properties and behavior Example: Few attributes can apply to every element: id, style, class, title The id is unique in the document Content of title attribute is displayed as hint when theelement is hovered with the mouse Some elements have obligatory attributes18<img src="logo.gif" alt="logo" /><img src="logo.gif" alt="logo" />AttributeAttribute altalt with valuewith value""logologo""

Headings and Paragraphs Heading Tags (h1 – h6) Paragraph Tags Sections: div and span19<p>This is my first paragraph</p><p>This is my first paragraph</p><p>This is my second paragraph</p><p>This is my second paragraph</p><h1>Heading 1</h1><h1>Heading 1</h1><h2>Sub heading 2</h2><h2>Sub heading 2</h2><h3>Sub heading 3</h3><h3>Sub heading 3</h3><div style="background: skyblue;"><div style="background: skyblue;">This is a div</div>This is a div</div>

Headings and Paragraphs –Example20<!DOCTYPE HTML><!DOCTYPE HTML><html><html><head><title>Headings and paragraphs</title></head><head><title>Headings and paragraphs</title></head><body><body><h1>Heading 1</h1><h1>Heading 1</h1><h2>Sub heading 2</h2><h2>Sub heading 2</h2><h3>Sub heading 3</h3><h3>Sub heading 3</h3><p>This is my first paragraph</p><p>This is my first paragraph</p><p>This is my second paragraph</p><p>This is my second paragraph</p><div style="background:skyblue"><div style="background:skyblue">This is a div</div>This is a div</div></body></body></html></html>headings.htmlheadings.html

<!DOCTYPE HTML><!DOCTYPE HTML><html><html><head><title>Headings and paragraphs</title></head><head><title>Headings and paragraphs</title></head><body><body><h1>Heading 1</h1><h1>Heading 1</h1><h2>Sub heading 2</h2><h2>Sub heading 2</h2><h3>Sub heading 3</h3><h3>Sub heading 3</h3><p>This is my first paragraph</p><p>This is my first paragraph</p><p>This is my second paragraph</p><p>This is my second paragraph</p><div style="background:skyblue"><div style="background:skyblue">This is a div</div>This is a div</div></body></body></html></html>Headings and Paragraphs –Example (2)21headings.htmlheadings.html

HTML Document Structure in Depth

Preface It is important to have the correct vision andattitude towards HTML HTML is only about structure, not appearance Browsers tolerate invalid HTML code and parseerrors – you should not.23

The <!DOCTYPE> Declaration HTML documents must start with a document typedefinition (DTD) It tells web browsers what type is the served code Possible versions: HTML 4.01, XHTML 1.0(Transitional or Strict), XHTML 1.1, HTML 5 Example: See http://w3.org/QA/2002/04/valid-dtd-list.html for a listof possible doctypes24<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN""http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

HTML vs. XHTML XHTML is more strict than HTML Tags and attribute names must be in lowercase All tags must be closed (<br/>, <img/>) while HTMLallows <br> and <img> and implies missing closing tags(<p>par1 <p>par2) XHTML allows only one root <html> element (HTMLallows more than one)25

XHTML vs. HTML (2) Many element attributes are deprecated inXHTML, most are moved to CSS Attribute minimization is forbidden, e.g. Note: Web browsers load XHTML faster thanHTML and valid code faster than invalid!26<input type="checkbox" checked><input type="checkbox" checked><input type="checkbox" checked="checked" /><input type="checkbox" checked="checked" />

The <head> Section Contains information that doesn’t show directly onthe viewable page Starts after the <!doctype> declaration Begins with <head> and ends with </head> Contains mandatory single <title> tag Can contain some other tags, e.g. <meta> <script> <style> <!–- comments -->27

<head> Section: <title> tag Title should be placed between <head> and</head> tags Used to specify a title in the window title bar Search engines and people rely on titles28<title><title>shihanshihan Academy – Winter Season 2014/2015Academy – Winter Season 2014/2015</title></title>

<head> Section: <meta> Meta tags additionally describe the contentcontained within the page29<meta name="description" content="HTML<meta name="description" content="HTMLtutorial" />tutorial" /><meta name="keywords" content="html, web<meta name="keywords" content="html, webdesign, styles" />design, styles" /><meta name="author" content="Chris Brewer" /><meta name="author" content="Chris Brewer" /><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="5;<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="5;url=http://www.shababshihan.com" />url=http://www.shababshihan.com" />

<head> Section: <script> The <script> element is used to embedscripts into an HTML document Script are executed in the client's Web browser Scripts can live in the <head> and in the <body>sections Supported client-side scripting languages: JavaScript (it is not Java!) VBScript JScript30

The <script> Tag – Example31<!DOCTYPE HTML><!DOCTYPE HTML><html><html><head><head><title>JavaScript Example</title><title>JavaScript Example</title><script type="text/javascript"><script type="text/javascript">function sayHello() {function sayHello() {document.write("<p>Hello World!</p>");document.write("<p>Hello World!</p>");}}</script></script></head></head><body><body><script type=<script type="text/javascript">"text/javascript">sayHello();sayHello();</script></script></body></body></html></html>scripts-example.htmlscripts-example.html

<head> Section: <style> The <style> element embeds formattinginformation (CSS styles) into an HTML page32<html><html><head><head><style type="text/css"><style type="text/css">p { font-size: 12pt; line-height: 12pt; }p { font-size: 12pt; line-height: 12pt; }p:first-letter { font-size: 200%; }p:first-letter { font-size: 200%; }span { text-transform: uppercase; }span { text-transform: uppercase; }</style></style></head></head><body><body><p>Styles demo.<br /><p>Styles demo.<br /><span>Test uppercase</span>.<span>Test uppercase</span>.</p></p></body></body></html></html>style-example.htmlstyle-example.html

Comments:  Tag Comments can exist anywhere between the<html></html> tags Comments start with 33<!–- Shihan Logo (a JPG file) --><!–- Shihan Logo (a JPG file) --><img src="logo.jpg" alt=“Shihan Logo"><img src="logo.jpg" alt=“Shihan Logo"><!–- Hyperlink to the web site --><!–- Hyperlink to the web site --><a href="http://shababshihan.com/">Shihan</a><a href="http://shababshihan.com/">Shihan</a><!–- Show the news table --><!–- Show the news table --><table class="newstable"><table class="newstable">......

<body> Section:Introduction The <body> section describes the viewable portionof the page Starts after the <head> </head> section Begins with <body> and ends with </body>34<html><html><head><title>Test page</title></head><head><title>Test page</title></head><body><body></body></body></html></html>

Text FormattingText Formatting Text formatting tags modify the text between theopening tag and the closing tag Ex. <b>Hello</b> makes “Hello” bold35

Text Formatting – Example36<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN""http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html><html><head><head><title>Page Title</title><title>Page Title</title></head></head><body><body><h1>Notice</h1><h1>Notice</h1><p>This is a <em>sample</em> Web page.</p><p>This is a <em>sample</em> Web page.</p><p><pre>Next paragraph:<p><pre>Next paragraph:preformatted.</pre></p>preformatted.</pre></p><h2>More Info</h2><h2>More Info</h2><p>Specifically, we’re using XHMTL 1.0 transitional.<br /><p>Specifically, we’re using XHMTL 1.0 transitional.<br />Next line.</p>Next line.</p></body></body></html></html>text-formatting.htmltext-formatting.html

Text Formatting – Example (2)37<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN""http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html><html><head><head><title>Page Title</title><title>Page Title</title></head></head><body><body><h1>Notice</h1><h1>Notice</h1><p>This is a <em>sample</em> Web page.</p><p>This is a <em>sample</em> Web page.</p><p><pre>Next paragraph:<p><pre>Next paragraph:preformatted.</pre></p>preformatted.</pre></p><h2>More Info</h2><h2>More Info</h2><p>Specifically, we’re using XHMTL 1.0 transitional.<br /><p>Specifically, we’re using XHMTL 1.0 transitional.<br />Next line.</p>Next line.</p></body></body></html></html>text-formatting.htmltext-formatting.html

Hyperlinks: <a> Tag Link to a document called form.html on the sameserver in the same directory: Link to a document called parent.html on thesame server in the parent directory: Link to a document called cat.html on the sameserver in the subdirectory stuff:38<a href="form.html">Fill Our Form</a><a href="form.html">Fill Our Form</a><a href="../parent.html">Parent</a><a href="../parent.html">Parent</a><a href="stuff/cat.html">Catalog</a><a href="stuff/cat.html">Catalog</a>

Hyperlinks: <a> Tag (2) Link to an external Web site: Always use a full URL, including "http://", notjust "www.somesite.com" Using the target="_blank" attribute opens thelink in a new window Link to an e-mail address:39<a href="http://www.devbg.org" target="_blank">BASD</a><a href="http://www.devbg.org" target="_blank">BASD</a><a href="mailto:bugs@example.com?subject=Bug+Report"><a href="mailto:bugs@example.com?subject=Bug+Report">Please report bugs here (by e-mail only)</a>Please report bugs here (by e-mail only)</a>

Hyperlinks: <a> Tag (3) Link to a document called apply-now.html On the same server, in same directory Using an image as a link button: Link to a document called index.html On the same server, in the subdirectory english ofthe parent directory:40<a href="apply-now.html"><img<a href="apply-now.html"><imgsrc="apply-now-button.jpg" /></a>src="apply-now-button.jpg" /></a><a href="../english/index.html">Switch to<a href="../english/index.html">Switch toEnglish version</a>English version</a>

Hyperlinks and Sections Link to another location in the same document: Link to a specific location in another document:41<a href="#section1">Go to Introduction</a><a href="#section1">Go to Introduction</a>......<h2 id="section1">Introduction</h2><h2 id="section1">Introduction</h2><a href="chapter3.html#section3.1.1">Go to Section<a href="chapter3.html#section3.1.1">Go to Section3.1.1</a>3.1.1</a><!–- In chapter3.html --><!–- In chapter3.html -->......<div id="section3.1.1"><div id="section3.1.1"><h3>3.1.1. Technical Background</h3><h3>3.1.1. Technical Background</h3></div></div>

Hyperlinks – Example42<a href="form.html">Fill Our Form</a> <br /><a href="form.html">Fill Our Form</a> <br /><a href="../parent.html">Parent</a> <br /><a href="../parent.html">Parent</a> <br /><a href="stuff/cat.html">Catalog</a> <br /><a href="stuff/cat.html">Catalog</a> <br /><a href="http://www.devbg.org" target="_blank">BASD</a><a href="http://www.devbg.org" target="_blank">BASD</a><br /><br /><a href="mailto:bugs@example.com?subject=Bug<a href="mailto:bugs@example.com?subject=BugReport">Please report bugs here (by e-mail only)</a>Report">Please report bugs here (by e-mail only)</a><br /><br /><a href="apply-now.html"><img src="apply-now-button.jpg”<a href="apply-now.html"><img src="apply-now-button.jpg”/></a> <br />/></a> <br /><a href="../english/index.html">Switch to English<a href="../english/index.html">Switch to Englishversion</a> <br />version</a> <br />hyperlinks.htmlhyperlinks.html

<a href="form.html">Fill Our Form</a> <br /><a href="form.html">Fill Our Form</a> <br /><a href="../parent.html">Parent</a> <br /><a href="../parent.html">Parent</a> <br /><a href="stuff/cat.html">Catalog</a> <br /><a href="stuff/cat.html">Catalog</a> <br /><a href="http://www.devbg.org" target="_blank">BASD</a><a href="http://www.devbg.org" target="_blank">BASD</a><br /><br /><a href="mailto:bugs@example.com?subject=Bug<a href="mailto:bugs@example.com?subject=BugReport">Please report bugs here (by e-mail only)</a>Report">Please report bugs here (by e-mail only)</a><br /><br /><a href="apply-now.html"><img src="apply-now-button.jpg”<a href="apply-now.html"><img src="apply-now-button.jpg”/></a> <br />/></a> <br /><a href="../english/index.html">Switch to English<a href="../english/index.html">Switch to Englishversion</a> <br />version</a> <br />hyperlinks.htmlhyperlinks.htmlHyperlinks – Example (2)43

Links to the Same Document –Example44<h1>Table of Contents</h1><h1>Table of Contents</h1><p><a href="#section1">Introduction</a><br /><p><a href="#section1">Introduction</a><br /><a href="#section2">Some background</A><br /><a href="#section2">Some background</A><br /><a href="#section2.1">Project History</a><br /><a href="#section2.1">Project History</a><br />...the rest of the table of contents......the rest of the table of contents...<h2 id="section1">Introduction</h2><h2 id="section1">Introduction</h2>... Section 1 follows here ...... Section 1 follows here ...<h2 id="section2">Some background</h2><h2 id="section2">Some background</h2>... Section 2 follows here ...... Section 2 follows here ...<h3 id="section2.1">Project History</h3><h3 id="section2.1">Project History</h3>... Section 2.1 follows here ...... Section 2.1 follows here ...links-to-same-document.htmllinks-to-same-document.html

Links to the Same Document –Example (2)45<h1>Table of Contents</h1><h1>Table of Contents</h1><p><a href="#section1">Introduction</a><br /><p><a href="#section1">Introduction</a><br /><a href="#section2">Some background</A><br /><a href="#section2">Some background</A><br /><a href="#section2.1">Project History</a><br /><a href="#section2.1">Project History</a><br />...the rest of the table of contents......the rest of the table of contents...<h2 id="section1">Introduction</h2><h2 id="section1">Introduction</h2>... Section 1 follows here ...... Section 1 follows here ...<h2 id="section2">Some background</h2><h2 id="section2">Some background</h2>... Section 2 follows here ...... Section 2 follows here ...<h3 id="section2.1">Project History</h3><h3 id="section2.1">Project History</h3>... Section 2.1 follows here ...... Section 2.1 follows here ...links-to-same-document.htmllinks-to-same-document.html

 Inserting an image withInserting an image with <img><img> tag:tag: Image attributes:Image attributes: Example:Example:Images:Images: <img><img> tagtagsrcsrc Location of image fileLocation of image file (relative or absolute)(relative or absolute)altalt Substitute text for displaySubstitute text for display (e.g. in text mode)(e.g. in text mode)heightheight Number of pixels of the heightNumber of pixels of the heightwidthwidth Number of pixels of the widthNumber of pixels of the widthborderborder Size of border, 0 for no borderSize of border, 0 for no border<img src="/img/basd-logo.png"><img src="/img/basd-logo.png"><img src="./php.png" alt="PHP Logo" /><img src="./php.png" alt="PHP Logo" />46

Miscellaneous Tags <hr />: Draws a horizontal rule (line): <center></center>: Deprecated! <font></font>: Deprecated!47<hr size="5" width="70%" /><hr size="5" width="70%" /><center>Hello World!</center><center>Hello World!</center><font size="3" color="blue">Font3</font><font size="3" color="blue">Font3</font><font size="+4" color="blue">Font+4</font><font size="+4" color="blue">Font+4</font>

Miscellaneous Tags –Example48<html><html><head><head><title>Miscellaneous Tags Example</title><title>Miscellaneous Tags Example</title></head></head><body><body><hr size="5" width="70%" /><hr size="5" width="70%" /><center>Hello World!</center><center>Hello World!</center><font size="3" color="blue">Font3</font><font size="3" color="blue">Font3</font><font size="+4" color="blue">Font+4</font><font size="+4" color="blue">Font+4</font></body></body></html></html>misc.htmlmisc.html

a. Appleb. Orangec. GrapefruitOrdered Lists: <ol> Tag Create an OOrdered LList using <ol></ol>: Attribute values for type are 1, A, a, I, or i491. Apple2. Orange3. GrapefruitA. AppleB. OrangeC. GrapefruitI. AppleII. OrangeIII. Grapefruiti. Appleii. Orangeiii. Grapefruit<ol type="1"><ol type="1"><li>Apple</li><li>Apple</li><li>Orange</li><li>Orange</li><li>Grapefruit</li><li>Grapefruit</li></ol></ol>

Unordered Lists: <ul> Tag Create an UUnordered LList using <ul></ul>: Attribute values for type are: disc, circle or square50• Apple• Orange• Pearo Appleo Orangeo Pear Apple Orange Pear<ul type="disk"><ul type="disk"><li>Apple</li><li>Apple</li><li>Orange</li><li>Orange</li><li>Grapefruit</li><li>Grapefruit</li></ul></ul>

Definition lists: <dl> tag Create definition lists using <dl> Pairs of text and associated definition; text is in<dt> tag, definition in <dd> tag Renders without bullets Definition is indented51<dl><dl><dt>HTML</dt><dt>HTML</dt><dd>A markup language …</dd><dd>A markup language …</dd><dt>CSS</dt><dt>CSS</dt><dd>Language used to …</dd><dd>Language used to …</dd></dl></dl>

Lists – Example52<ol type="1"><ol type="1"><li>Apple</li><li>Apple</li><li>Orange</li><li>Orange</li><li>Grapefruit</li><li>Grapefruit</li></ol></ol><ul type="disc"><ul type="disc"><li>Apple</li><li>Apple</li><li>Orange</li><li>Orange</li><li>Grapefruit</li><li>Grapefruit</li></ul></ul><dl><dl><dt>HTML</dt><dt>HTML</dt><dd>A markup lang…</dd><dd>A markup lang…</dd></dl></dl>lists.htmllists.html

HTML SpecialHTML SpecialCharactersCharacters££££British PoundBritish Pound€€€€EuroEuro""""Quotation MarkQuotation Mark¥¥¥¥Japanese YenJapanese Yen————Em DashEm Dash  Non-breaking SpaceNon-breaking Space&&&&AmpersandAmpersand>>>>Greater ThanGreater Than<<<<Less ThanLess Than™™™™Trademark SignTrademark Sign®®®®Registered Trademark SignRegistered Trademark Sign©©©©Copyright SignCopyright SignSymbolSymbolHTMLHTMLEntityEntitySymbol NameSymbol Name53

Special Characters –Example54<p>[>>  Welcome<p>[>>  Welcome  <<]</p>  <<]</p><p>►I have following cards:<p>►I have following cards:A♣, K♦ and 9♥.</p>A♣, K♦ and 9♥.</p><p>►I prefer hard rock ♫<p>►I prefer hard rock ♫music ♫</p>music ♫</p><p>© 2006 by Shihan Shabab & his<p>© 2006 by Shihan Shabab & histeam</p>team</p><p>Shihan Academy™</p><p>Shihan Academy™</p>special-chars.htmlspecial-chars.html

Special Chars – Example (2)55<p>[>>  Welcome<p>[>>  Welcome  <<]</p>  <<]</p><p>►I have following cards:<p>►I have following cards:A♣, K♦ and 9♥.</p>A♣, K♦ and 9♥.</p><p>►I prefer hard rock ♫<p>►I prefer hard rock ♫music ♫</p>music ♫</p><p>© 2006 by Shihan Shabab & his<p>© 2006 by Shihan Shabab & histeam</p>team</p><p>Shihan Academy™</p><p>Shihan Academy™</p>special-chars.htmlspecial-chars.html

Block and Inline Elements Block elements add a line break before andafter them <div> is a block element Other block elements are <table>, <hr>,headings, lists, <p> and etc. Inline elements don’t break the text beforeand after them <span> is an inline element Most HTML elements are inline, e.g. <a>57

The <div> Tag <div> creates logical divisions within a page Block style element Used with CSS Example:58<div style="font-size:24px; color:red">DIV<div style="font-size:24px; color:red">DIVexample</div>example</div><p>This one is <span style="color:red; font-<p>This one is <span style="color:red; font-weight:bold">only a test</span>.</p>weight:bold">only a test</span>.</p>div-and-span.htmldiv-and-span.html

The <span> Tag Inline style element Useful for modifying a specific portion of text Don't create a separate area(paragraph) in the document Very useful with CSS59<p>This one is <span style="color:red; font-<p>This one is <span style="color:red; font-weight:bold">only a test</span>.</p>weight:bold">only a test</span>.</p><p>This one is another <span style="font-size:32px;<p>This one is another <span style="font-size:32px;font-weight:bold">TEST</span>.</p>font-weight:bold">TEST</span>.</p>span.htmlspan.html

HTML Tables Tables represent tabular data A table consists of one or several rows Each row has one or more columns Tables comprised of several core tags: <table></table>: begin / end the table<tr></tr>: create a table row<td></td>: create tabular data (cell) Tables should not be used for layout. Use CSS floats and positioning stylesinstead61

HTML Tables (2) Start and end of a table Start and end of a row Start and end of a cell in a row62<table> ... </table><table> ... </table><tr> ... </tr><tr> ... </tr><td> ... </td><td> ... </td>

Simple HTML Tables –Example63<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5"><tr><tr><td><img src="ppt.gif"></td><td><img src="ppt.gif"></td><td><a href="lecture1.ppt">Lecture 1</a></td><td><a href="lecture1.ppt">Lecture 1</a></td></tr></tr><tr><tr><td><img src="ppt.gif"></td><td><img src="ppt.gif"></td><td><a href="lecture2.ppt">Lecture 2</a></td><td><a href="lecture2.ppt">Lecture 2</a></td></tr></tr><tr><tr><td><img src="zip.gif"></td><td><img src="zip.gif"></td><td><a href="lecture2-demos.zip"><td><a href="lecture2-demos.zip">Lecture 2 - Demos</a></td>Lecture 2 - Demos</a></td></tr></tr></table></table>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5"><tr><tr><td><img src="ppt.gif"></td><td><img src="ppt.gif"></td><td><a href="lecture1.ppt">Lecture 1</a></td><td><a href="lecture1.ppt">Lecture 1</a></td></tr></tr><tr><tr><td><img src="ppt.gif"></td><td><img src="ppt.gif"></td><td><a href="lecture2.ppt">Lecture 2</a></td><td><a href="lecture2.ppt">Lecture 2</a></td></tr></tr><tr><tr><td><img src="zip.gif"></td><td><img src="zip.gif"></td><td><a href="lecture2-demos.zip"><td><a href="lecture2-demos.zip">Lecture 2 - Demos</a></td>Lecture 2 - Demos</a></td></tr></tr></table></table>Simple HTML Tables – Example(2)64

Complete HTML Tables Table rows split into three semantic sections:header, body and footer <thead> denotes table header and contains <th>elements, instead of <td> elements <tbody> denotes collection of table rows thatcontain the very data <tfoot> denotes table footer but comes BEFOREthe <tbody> tag <colgroup> and <col> define columns (mostoften used to set column widths)65

Complete HTML Table: Example66<table><table><colgroup><colgroup><col style="width:100px" /><col /><col style="width:100px" /><col /></colgroup></colgroup><thead><thead><tr><th>Column 1</th><th>Column 2</th></tr><tr><th>Column 1</th><th>Column 2</th></tr></thead></thead><tfoot><tfoot><tr><td>Footer 1</td><td>Footer 2</td></tr><tr><td>Footer 1</td><td>Footer 2</td></tr></tfoot></tfoot><tbody><tbody><tr><td>Cell 1.1</td><td>Cell 1.2</td></tr><tr><td>Cell 1.1</td><td>Cell 1.2</td></tr><tr><td>Cell 2.1</td><td>Cell 2.2</td></tr><tr><td>Cell 2.1</td><td>Cell 2.2</td></tr></tbody></tbody></table></table>headerheaderfooterfooterLast comes the bodyLast comes the body(data)(data)ththcolumnscolumns

<table><table><colgroup><colgroup><col style="width:200px" /><col /><col style="width:200px" /><col /></colgroup></colgroup><thead><thead><tr><th>Column 1</th><th>Column 2</th></tr><tr><th>Column 1</th><th>Column 2</th></tr></thead></thead><tfoot><tfoot><tr><td>Footer 1</td><td>Footer 2</td></tr><tr><td>Footer 1</td><td>Footer 2</td></tr></tfoot></tfoot><tbody><tbody><tr><td>Cell 1.1</td><td>Cell 1.2</td></tr><tr><td>Cell 1.1</td><td>Cell 1.2</td></tr><tr><td>Cell 2.1</td><td>Cell 2.2</td></tr><tr><td>Cell 2.1</td><td>Cell 2.2</td></tr></tbody></tbody></table></table>Complete HTML Table:Example (2)67table-full.htmltable-full.htmlAlthough the footer isAlthough the footer isbefore the data in thebefore the data in thecode, it is displayedcode, it is displayedlastlastBy default, header textBy default, header textis bold and centered.is bold and centered.

Nested Tables Table data “cells” (<td>) can contain nestedtables (tables within tables):68<table><table><tr><tr><td>Contact:</td><td>Contact:</td><td><td><table><table><tr><tr><td>First Name</td><td>First Name</td><td>Last Name</td><td>Last Name</td></tr></tr></table></table></td></td></tr></tr></table></table>nested-tables.htmlnested-tables.html

 cellpaddingcellpadding Defines the emptyDefines the emptyspace around the cellspace around the cellcontentcontent cellspacingcellspacing Defines theDefines theempty spaceempty spacebetween cellsbetween cellsCell Spacing and Padding Tables have two important attributes:69cellcell cellcellcellcell cellcellcellcellcellcellcellcellcellcell

Cell Spacing and Padding –Example70<html><html><head><title>Table Cells</title></head><head><title>Table Cells</title></head><body><body><table<table cellspacing="15" cellpadding="0"cellspacing="15" cellpadding="0">><tr><td>First</td><tr><td>First</td><td>Second</td></tr><td>Second</td></tr></table></table><br/><br/><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="10"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="10"><tr><td>First</td><td>Second</td></tr><tr><td>First</td><td>Second</td></tr></table></table></body></body></html></html>table-table-cellscells.html.html

Cell Spacing and Padding –Example (2)71<html><html><head><title>Table Cells</title></head><head><title>Table Cells</title></head><body><body><table<table cellspacing="15" cellpadding="0"cellspacing="15" cellpadding="0">><tr><td>First</td><tr><td>First</td><td>Second</td></tr><td>Second</td></tr></table></table><br/><br/><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="10"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="10"><tr><td>First</td><td>Second</td></tr><tr><td>First</td><td>Second</td></tr></table></table></body></body></html></html>table-table-cellscells.html.html

 rowspanrowspan Defines howDefines howmany rows themany rows thecell occupiescell occupies colspancolspan Defines howDefines howmany columnsmany columnsthe cell occupiesthe cell occupiesColumn and Row Span Table cells have two important attributes:72cell[1,cell[1,1]1]cell[1,cell[1,2]2]cell[2,1]cell[2,1]colspan="1colspan="1""colspan="1colspan="1""colspan="2colspan="2""cell[1,1]cell[1,1]cell[1,cell[1,2]2]cell[2,cell[2,1]1]rowspan="2rowspan="2""rowspan="1rowspan="1""rowspan="1rowspan="1""

Column and Row Span – Example73<table cellspacing="0"><table cellspacing="0"><tr class="1"><td>Cell[1,1]</td><tr class="1"><td>Cell[1,1]</td><td<td colspan="2"colspan="2">Cell[2,1]</td></tr>>Cell[2,1]</td></tr><tr class=“2"><td>Cell[1,2]</td><tr class=“2"><td>Cell[1,2]</td><td<td rowspan="2"rowspan="2">Cell[2,2]</td>>Cell[2,2]</td><td>Cell[3,2]</td></tr><td>Cell[3,2]</td></tr><tr class=“3"><td>Cell[1,3]</td><tr class=“3"><td>Cell[1,3]</td><td>Cell[2,3]</td></tr><td>Cell[2,3]</td></tr></table></table>table-colspan-rowspan.htmltable-colspan-rowspan.html

<table cellspacing="0"><table cellspacing="0"><tr class="1"><td>Cell[1,1]</td><tr class="1"><td>Cell[1,1]</td><td<td colspan="2"colspan="2">Cell[2,1]</td></tr>>Cell[2,1]</td></tr><tr class=“2"><td>Cell[1,2]</td><tr class=“2"><td>Cell[1,2]</td><td<td rowspan="2"rowspan="2">Cell[2,2]</td>>Cell[2,2]</td><td>Cell[3,2]</td></tr><td>Cell[3,2]</td></tr><tr class=“3"><td>Cell[1,3]</td><tr class=“3"><td>Cell[1,3]</td><td>Cell[2,3]</td></tr><td>Cell[2,3]</td></tr></table></table>Column and Row Span –Example (2)74table-colspan-rowspan.htmltable-colspan-rowspan.htmlCell[2,3]Cell[1,3]Cell[3,2]Cell[2,2]Cell[1,2]Cell[2,1]Cell[1,1]

Entering User Data from a Web PageEntering User Data from a Web Page

HTML Forms Forms are the primary method for gatheringdata from site visitors Create a form block with Example:76<form></form><form></form><form name="myForm" method="post"<form name="myForm" method="post"action="path/to/some-script.php">action="path/to/some-script.php">......</form></form>The "action" attribute tellsThe "action" attribute tellswhere the form data should bewhere the form data should besentsentThe “method" attribute tellsThe “method" attribute tellshow the form data should behow the form data should besent – via GET or POST requestsent – via GET or POST request

Form Fields Single-line text input fields: Multi-line textarea fields: Hidden fields contain data not shown to theuser: Often used by JavaScript code77<input type="text" name="FirstName" value="This<input type="text" name="FirstName" value="Thisis a text field" />is a text field" /><textarea name="Comments">This is a multi-line<textarea name="Comments">This is a multi-linetext field</textarea>text field</textarea><input type="hidden" name="Account" value="This<input type="hidden" name="Account" value="Thisis a hidden text field" />is a hidden text field" />

Fieldsets Fieldsets are used to enclose a group ofrelated form fields: The <legend> is the fieldset's title.78<form method="post" action="form.aspx"><form method="post" action="form.aspx"><fieldset><fieldset><legend>Client Details</legend><legend>Client Details</legend><input type="text" id="Name" /><input type="text" id="Name" /><input type="text" id="Phone" /><input type="text" id="Phone" /></fieldset></fieldset><fieldset><fieldset><legend>Order Details</legend><legend>Order Details</legend><input type="text" id="Quantity" /><input type="text" id="Quantity" /><textarea cols="40" rows="10"<textarea cols="40" rows="10"id="Remarks"></textarea>id="Remarks"></textarea></fieldset></fieldset></form></form>

Form Input Controls Checkboxes: Radio buttons: Radio buttons can be grouped, allowing onlyone to be selected from a group:79<input type="checkbox" name="fruit"<input type="checkbox" name="fruit"value="apple" />value="apple" /><input type="radio" name="title" value="Mr." /><input type="radio" name="title" value="Mr." /><input type="radio" name="<input type="radio" name="citycity" value="Lom" />" value="Lom" /><input type="radio" name="<input type="radio" name="citycity" value="Ruse" />" value="Ruse" />

Other Form Controls Dropdown menus: Submit button:80<select name="gender"><select name="gender"><option value="Value 1"<option value="Value 1"selected="selected">Male</option>selected="selected">Male</option><option value="Value 2">Female</option><option value="Value 2">Female</option><option value="Value 3">Other</option><option value="Value 3">Other</option></select></select><input type="submit" name="submitBtn"<input type="submit" name="submitBtn"value="Apply Now" />value="Apply Now" />

Other Form Controls (2) Reset button – brings the form to its initialstate Image button – acts like submit but image isdisplayed and click coordinates are sent Ordinary button – used for Javascript, nodefault action81<input type="reset" name="resetBtn"<input type="reset" name="resetBtn"value="Reset the form" />value="Reset the form" /><input type="image" src="submit.gif"<input type="image" src="submit.gif"name="submitBtn" alt="Submit" />name="submitBtn" alt="Submit" /><input type="button" value="click me" /><input type="button" value="click me" />

Other Form Controls (3) Password input – a text field which masks theentered text with * signs Multiple select field – displays the list of itemsin multiple lines, instead of one82<input type="password" name="pass" /><input type="password" name="pass" /><select name="products" multiple="multiple"><select name="products" multiple="multiple"><option value="Value 1"<option value="Value 1"selected="selected">keyboard</option>selected="selected">keyboard</option><option value="Value 2">mouse</option><option value="Value 2">mouse</option><option value="Value 3">speakers</option><option value="Value 3">speakers</option></select></select>

Other Form Controls (4) File input – a field used for uploading files When used, it requires the form element tohave a specific attribute:83<input type="file" name="photo" /><input type="file" name="photo" /><form enctype="multipart/form-data"><form enctype="multipart/form-data">......<input type="file" name="photo" /><input type="file" name="photo" />......</form></form>

Labels Form labels are used to associate an explanatorytext to a form field using the field's ID. Clicking on a label focuses its associated field(checkboxes are toggled, radio buttons arechecked) Labels are both a usability and accessibilityfeature and are required in order to passaccessibility validation.84<label for="fn">First Name</label><label for="fn">First Name</label><input type="text" id="fn" /><input type="text" id="fn" />

HTML Forms – Example85<form method="post" action="apply-now.php"><form method="post" action="apply-now.php"><input name="subject" type="hidden" value="Class" /><input name="subject" type="hidden" value="Class" /><fieldset><legend>Academic information</legend><fieldset><legend>Academic information</legend><label for="degree">Degree</label><label for="degree">Degree</label><select name="degree" id="degree"><select name="degree" id="degree"><option value="BA">Bachelor of Art</option><option value="BA">Bachelor of Art</option><option value="BS">Bachelor of Science</option><option value="BS">Bachelor of Science</option><option value="MBA" selected="selected">Master of<option value="MBA" selected="selected">Master ofBusiness Administration</option>Business Administration</option></select></select><br /><br /><label for="studentid">Student ID</label><label for="studentid">Student ID</label><input type="password" name="studentid" /><input type="password" name="studentid" /></fieldset></fieldset><fieldset><legend>Personal Details</legend><fieldset><legend>Personal Details</legend><label for="fname">First Name</label><label for="fname">First Name</label><input type="text" name="fname" id="fname" /><input type="text" name="fname" id="fname" /><br /><br /><label for="lname">Last Name</label><label for="lname">Last Name</label><input type="text" name="lname" id="lname" /><input type="text" name="lname" id="lname" />form.htmlform.html

HTML Forms – Example (2)86<br /><br />Gender:Gender:<input name="gender" type="radio" id="gm" value="m" /><input name="gender" type="radio" id="gm" value="m" /><label for="gm">Male</label><label for="gm">Male</label><input name="gender" type="radio" id="gf" value="f" /><input name="gender" type="radio" id="gf" value="f" /><label for="gf">Female</label><label for="gf">Female</label><br /><br /><label for="email">Email</label><label for="email">Email</label><input type="text" name="email" id="email" /><input type="text" name="email" id="email" /></fieldset></fieldset><p><p><textarea name="terms" cols="30" rows="4"<textarea name="terms" cols="30" rows="4"readonly="readonly">TERMS AND CONDITIONS...</textarea>readonly="readonly">TERMS AND CONDITIONS...</textarea></p></p><p><p><input type="submit" name="submit" value="Send Form" /><input type="submit" name="submit" value="Send Form" /><input type="reset" value="Clear Form" /><input type="reset" value="Clear Form" /></p></p></form></form>form.html (continued)form.html (continued)

form.html (continued)form.html (continued)HTML Forms – Example (3)87

TabIndex The tabindex HTML attribute controls theorder in which form fields and hyperlinks arefocused when repeatedly pressing the TABkey tabindex="0" (zero) - "natural" order If X > Y, then elements with tabindex="X" areiterated before elements with tabindex="Y" Elements with negative tabindex are skipped,however, this is not defined in the standard88<input type="text" tabindex="10" /><input type="text" tabindex="10" />

HTML Frames Frames provide a way to show multiple HTMLdocuments in a single Web page The page can be split into separate views(frames) horizontally and vertically Frames were popular in the early ages of HTMLdevelopment, but now their usage is rejected Frames are not supported by all user agents(browsers, search engines, etc.) A <noframes> element is used to provide content fornon-compatible agents.90

HTML Frames – Demo91<html><html><head><title>Frames Example</title></head><head><title>Frames Example</title></head><frameset cols="180px,*,150px"><frameset cols="180px,*,150px"><frame src="left.html" /><frame src="left.html" /><frame src="middle.html" /><frame src="middle.html" /><frame src="right.html" /><frame src="right.html" /></frameset></frameset></html></html>frames.htmlframes.html Note theNote the targettarget attribute applied to theattribute applied to the<a><a> elements in the left frame.elements in the left frame.

Inline Frames: <iframe> Inline frames provide a way to show onewebsite inside another website:92<iframe name="iframeGoogle" width="600" height="400"<iframe name="iframeGoogle" width="600" height="400"src="http://www.google.com" frameborder="yes"src="http://www.google.com" frameborder="yes"scrolling="yes"></iframe>scrolling="yes"></iframe>iframe-demo.htmliframe-demo.html

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