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EscapingDatageddon Dorothea Salo Ryan Schryver Graduate Support Series Photo: Steve Punter, http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/spunter/2554405690/

Why are you here?• You’re managing data (your own or your lab’s)• Or you think you maybe should be• You’re not sure why it matters• You’re not sure how best to do it• You’d like to know whether you’re on the right track Adapted from Graham et al. “Managing Research Data 101.” http://libraries.mit.edu/guides/subjects/data-management/ Managing_Research_Data_101_IAP_2010.pdf Photo: Jaysin, http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/orijinal/3539418133/

Why manage data?• To make your research easier!• Because somebody else said so • Your lab PI • Your lab PI’s funder• In case you need it later• To avoid accusations of fraud or bad science• To share it for others to use and learn from• To get credit for producing it• To keep from drowning in irrelevant stuff • ... especially at grant/project end Photo: Shashi Bellamkonda, http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/drbeachvacation/2874078655/

Research is changing...• Research datasets were second-class citizens. • Publications were all that mattered! • And publishing data in print was uneconomical even when possible. • So nobody saw anybody’s data.• Data are now digital. The game changes! • Data are shared more, and more openly! Open Source, Open Access, Open Data. • There’s a lot still to be worked out about how to share, cite, credit, and license digital data. • But data will unquestionably matter to your research careers, more than it does to your advisors’ generation.• Learn good data habits now! You’ll need them later. Photo: Karl-Ludwig Poggemann, http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/hinkelstone/2435823037/

Did you know?• Gene expression microarray data: “Publicly available data was signiﬁcantly (p=0.006) associated with a 69% increase in citations, independently of journal impact factor, date of publication, and author country of origin.” • Piwowar, Heather et al. “Sharing detailed research data is associated with increased citation rate.” PLoS One 2010. DOI: 10.1371/ journal.pone.0000308• Maybe there’s an advantage here! Photo: ynse, http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/ynse/2341095044/

How to planto keep data Photo: Steve Punter, http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/spunter/2554405690/

Step 1: Inventory• What data are you collecting or making? • Observational, experimental, simulation? Raw, derived, compiled? • Can it be recreated? How much would that cost?• How much of it? How fast is it growing? Does it change?• What file format(s)?• What’s your infrastructure for data collection and storage like? • How do you find it, or find what you’re looking for in it? • How easy is it to get new people up to speed? Or share data with others? Photo: Anssi Koskinen, http://www.flickr.com/photos/ansik/304526237/

Step 2: Needs• Who are the audiences for your data? • You (including Future You), your lab colleagues (including future ones), your PIs • Disciplinary colleagues, at your institution or at others • Colleagues in allied disciplines • The world!• What are your obligations to others? • Funder requirements • Conﬁdentiality issues • IP questions • Security• How long do you need to keep your data? Photo: Celeste “Vitamin C9000,” http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/celestemarie/2193327230/

Step 3: Process planning• How do you and your lab get from where you are to where you need to be?• Document, document, document all decisions and all processes!• Secret sauce: the more you strategize up- front, the less angst and panic later. • “Make it up as you go along” is very bad practice! • But the best-laid plans go agley... so be flexible. • And watch your field! Best practices are still in flux. Photo: Kevin Utting, http://www.flickr.com/photos/tallkev/256810217/

Things tothink aboutPhoto: Steve Punter, http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/spunter/2554405690/

File formats• Will anybody be able to read these files at the end of your time horizon?• Where possible, prefer file formats that are: • Open, standardized • Documented • In wide use • Easy to data-mine, transform, recast• If you need to transform data for durability, do it now, not later. Photo: Bart Everson, http://www.flickr.com/photos/editor/859824333/

Documentation• Fundamental question: What would someone unfamiliar with your data need in order to find, evaluate, understand, and reuse them? • Consider the differences between someone inside your lab, someone outside your lab but in your field, and someone outside your field.• Two parts: metadata and methods Photo: “striatic,” http://www.flickr.com/photos/striatic/2144933705/

Metadata• About the project • Title, people, key dates, funders and grants• About the data • Title, key dates, creator(s), subjects, rights, included ﬁles, format(s), versions, checksums• Keep this with the data. Photo: Paul Downey, http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/psd/422206144/

Methods• Reason #1 for not reusing someone else’s data: “I don’t know enough about how it was gathered to trust it.”• Document what you did. (A published article may or may not be enough.)• Document any limitations of what you did.• If you ran code on the data, document the code and keep it with the data.• Need a codebook? Or a data dictionary? • If I can’t identify at sight what each bit of your dataset means, yes, you do need a codebook or data dictionary. • DO NOT FORGET UNITS! Photo: Joe Sullivan, http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/skycaptaintwo/90415435/

Standards• Why reinvent the wheel? If there’s a standard format for your data or how to describe it, use that!• The tricky part is finding the right standard. • Standards are like toothbrushes... • But using standards is good hygiene! • Your librarian can often help you find relevant standards. Photo: Kenneth Lu, http://www.flickr.com/photos/toasty/412580888/

Where to put your data Photo: Steve Punter, http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/spunter/2554405690/

Storage, short-term• Your own drive (PC, server, flash drive, etc.) • And if you lose it? Or it breaks?• Somebody else’s drive • Departmental drive • “Cloud” drive • Do they care as much about your data as you do?• What about versioning?• Library motto: Lots Of Copies Keeps Stuff Safe. • Two onsite copies, one offsite copy. • Keep confidentiality and security requirements in mind, of course. Photo: Vadim Molochnikov, http://www.flickr.com/photos/molotalk/3305001454/

Storage, long-term• No, gold CD-ROMs don’t cut it.• If data need to persist beyond project end, you have to deal with a new kind of risk: organizational risk. • Servers come and go. So do labs. So do entire departments. • In the churn, your data may well be lost or destroyed. • This is especially important if you share data! Don’t let it 404!• You need to ﬁnd a trustworthy partner. • On campus: try the library. • Off campus: look for a disciplinary data repository, or a journal that accepts data. (It’s a good idea to do this as part of your planning process.) • Let somebody else worry! You have new projects to get on with. Photo: Simon Davison, http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/suzanneandsimon/84038024/

Summing upPhoto: Steve Punter, http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/spunter/2554405690/

So, these “data management plans...”• Here’s what MIT suggests should be in them: • name of the person responsible for data management within your research project • description of data to be collected • how data will be documented • data quality issues • backup procedures • how data will be made available for public use and potential secondary uses • preservation plans • any exceptional arrangements that might be needed to protect participant conﬁdentiality• Feel like common sense now? Good. Source: http://libraries.mit.edu/guides/subjects/data-management/

Help on campus• “What’s Your Data Plan?” website: http://dataplan.wisc.edu/ • Use the contact page!• Your department’s liaison librarian • We can help you find how-tos, relevant standards, on- and off-campus archiving services, etc.• MINDS@UW: http://minds.wisconsin.edu/ • Data in final form that make sense as discrete files. Photo: Jordan Pérez Nobody, http://www.flickr.com/photos/jp-/2548073841/

Thank you! This presentation is available under aCreative Commons 3.0 Attribution license.If you reuse it, please remember to credit the included photographs. Photo: Steve Punter, http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/spunter/2554405690/

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