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DIGITAL2019ALL THE DATA AND TRENDS YOU NEED TO UNDERSTAND INTERNET,SOCIAL MEDIA, MOBILE, AND E-COMMERCE BEHAVIOURS IN 2019IRAQ

CLICK HERE TO READ OUR DIGITAL 2019GLOBAL OVERVIEW REPORT, WITH MORETHAN 200 PAGES OF ESSENTIAL CHARTSAND INSIGHTS FROM AROUND THE WORLDCLICK HERE TO READ OUR DIGITAL 2019GLOBAL DIGITAL YEARBOOK, WITHESSENTIAL HEADLINE DIGITAL DATAFOR EVERY COUNTRY IN THE WORLDALL THE DATA AND TRENDS YOU NEED TO UNDERSTAND INTERNET,SOCIAL MEDIA, MOBILE, AND E-COMMERCE BEHAVIOURS IN 2019DIGITAL2019ESSENTIAL DIGITAL DATA FOR EVERY COUNTRY IN THE WORLDDIGITAL2019GLOBAL DIGITAL YEARBOOK

CLICK THE LINKS BELOW TO ACCESS OUR IN-DEPTH LOCAL REPORTSGLOBAL OVERVIEW BOTSWANA DJIBOUTI GUINEA LESOTHO NEPAL ST. KITTS & NEVIS TAJIKISTANDIGITAL YEARBOOK BRAZIL DOMINICA GUINEA-BISSAU LIBERIA NETHERLANDS ST. LUCIA TANZANIAABKHAZIA BRITISH VIRGIN IS. DOMINICAN REP. GUYANA LIBYA NEW CALEDONIA ST. MARTIN THAILANDAFGHANISTAN BRUNEI ECUADOR HAITI LIECHTENSTEIN NEW ZEALAND ST. PIERRE & MIQUELON TIMOR-LESTEÅLAND IS. BULGARIA EGYPT HONDURAS LITHUANIA NICARAGUA ST. VINCENT & THE GRENADINES TOGOALBANIA BURKINA FASO EL SALVADOR HONG KONG LUXEMBOURG NIGER SAMOA TOKELAUALGERIA BURUNDI EQUATORIAL GUINEA HUNGARY MACAU NIGERIA SAN MARINO TONGAAMERICAN SAMOA CABO VERDE ERITREA ICELAND TFYR MACEDONIA NIUE SÃO TOMÉ & PRÍNCIPE TRANSNISTRIAANDORRA CAMBODIA ESTONIA INDIA MADAGASCAR NORFOLK IS. SAUDI ARABIA TRINIDAD & TOBAGOANGOLA CAMEROON ESWATINI INDONESIA MALAWI NORTHERN MARIANA IS. SENEGAL TUNISIAANGUILLA CANADA ETHIOPIA IRAN MALAYSIA NORWAY SERBIA TURKEYANTIGUA & BARBUDA CAYMAN IS. FALKLAND IS. IRAQ MALDIVES OMAN SEYCHELLES TURKMENISTANARGENTINA CENTRAL AFRICAN REP. FAROE IS. IRELAND MALI PAKISTAN SIERRA LEONE TURKS & CAICOS IS.ARMENIA CHAD FIJI ISLE OF MAN MALTA PALAU SINGAPORE TUVALUARUBA CHILE FINLAND ISRAEL MARSHALL IS. PALESTINE ST. MAARTEN UGANDAAUSTRALIA CHINA FRANCE ITALY MARTINIQUE PANAMA SLOVAKIA UKRAINEAUSTRIA CHRISTMAS IS. FRENCH GUIANA JAMAICA MAURITANIA PAPUA NEW GUINEA SLOVENIA U.A.E.AZERBAIJAN COCOS (KEELING) IS. FRENCH POLYNESIA JAPAN MAURITIUS PARAGUAY SOLOMON IS. U.K.BAHAMAS COLOMBIA GABON JERSEY MAYOTTE PERU SOMALIA U.S.A.BAHRAIN COMOROS GAMBIA JORDAN MEXICO PHILIPPINES SOUTH AFRICA U.S. VIRGIN IS.BANGLADESH DEM. REP. OF CONGO GEORGIA KAZAKHSTAN MICRONESIA PITCAIRN IS. SOUTH SUDAN URUGUAYBARBADOS REP. OF CONGO GERMANY KENYA MOLDOVA POLAND SPAIN UZBEKISTANBELARUS COOK IS. GHANA KIRIBATI MONACO PORTUGAL SRI LANKA VANUATUBELGIUM COSTA RICA GIBRALTAR NORTH KOREA MONGOLIA PUERTO RICO SUDAN VATICANBELIZE CÔTE D’IVOIRE GREECE SOUTH KOREA MONTENEGRO QATAR SURINAME VENEZUELABENIN CROATIA GREENLAND KOSOVO MONTSERRAT RÉUNION SVALBARD & JAN MAYEN VIETNAMBERMUDA CUBA GRENADA KUWAIT MOROCCO ROMANIA SWAZILAND WALLIS & FUTUNABHUTAN CURAÇAO GUADELOUPE KYRGYZSTAN MOZAMBIQUE RUSSIAN FEDERATION SWEDEN WESTERN SAHARABOLIVIA CYPRUS GUAM LAOS MYANMAR RWANDA SWITZERLAND YEMENBONAIRE, ST. EUSTATIUS & SABA CZECH REP. GUATEMALA LATVIA NAMIBIA ST. BARTHÉLEMY SYRIA ZAMBIABOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA DENMARK GUERNSEY LEBANON NAURU ST. HELENA TAIWAN ZIMBABWE

62019JANSOURCES: POPULATION: UNITED NATIONS; U.S. CENSUS BUREAU. MOBILE: GSMA INTELLIGENCE. INTERNET: INTERNETWORLDSTATS; ITU; WORLD BANK; CIA WORLD FACTBOOK; EUROSTAT;LOCAL GOVERNMENT BODIES AND REGULATORY AUTHORITIES; MIDEASTMEDIA.ORG; REPORTS IN REPUTABLE MEDIA. SOCIAL MEDIA: PLATFORMS’ SELF-SERVE ADVERTISING TOOLS; PRESSRELEASES AND INVESTOR EARNINGS ANNOUNCEMENTS; ARAB SOCIAL MEDIA REPORT; TECHRASA; NIKI AGHAEI; ROSE.RU. (ALL LATEST AVAILABLE DATA IN JANUARY 2019).DIGITAL AROUND THE WORLD IN 2019THE ESSENTIAL HEADLINE DATA YOU NEED TO UNDERSTAND GLOBAL MOBILE, INTERNET, AND SOCIAL MEDIA USE7.676 5.112 4.388 3.484 3.25656% 67% 57% 45% 42%BILLION BILLIONBILLIONBILLIONBILLIONTOTALPOPULATIONUNIQUEMOBILE USERSINTERNETUSERSACTIVE SOCIALMEDIA USERSMOBILE SOCIALMEDIA USERSURBANISATION: PENETRATION: PENETRATION: PENETRATION: PENETRATION:

72019JANSOURCES: POPULATION: UNITED NATIONS; U.S. CENSUS BUREAU. MOBILE: GSMA INTELLIGENCE. INTERNET: INTERNETWORLDSTATS; ITU; WORLD BANK; CIA WORLD FACTBOOK; EUROSTAT;LOCAL GOVERNMENT BODIES AND REGULATORY AUTHORITIES; MIDEASTMEDIA.ORG; REPORTS IN REPUTABLE MEDIA. SOCIAL MEDIA: PLATFORMS’ SELF-SERVE ADVERTISING TOOLS; PRESSRELEASES AND INVESTOR EARNINGS ANNOUNCEMENTS; ARAB SOCIAL MEDIA REPORT; TECHRASA; NIKI AGHAEI; ROSE.RU. (ALL LATEST AVAILABLE DATA IN JANUARY 2019).ANNUAL DIGITAL GROWTHTHE YEAR-ON-YEAR CHANGE IN KEY STATISTICAL INDICATORS+1.1% +2.0% +9.1% +9.0% +10%+84 MILLION +100 MILLION +367 MILLION +288 MILLION +297 MILLIONJAN 2018 – JAN 2019 JAN 2018 – JAN 2019 JAN 2018 – JAN 2019 JAN 2018 – JAN 2019 JAN 2018 – JAN 2019TOTALPOPULATIONUNIQUEMOBILE USERSINTERNETUSERSACTIVE SOCIALMEDIA USERSMOBILE SOCIALMEDIA USERS

82019JANSOURCES: INTERNETWORLDSTATS; ITU; WORLD BANK; CIA WORLD FACTBOOK; LOCAL GOVERNMENT BODIES AND REGULATORY AUTHORITIES; MIDEASTMEDIA.ORG; REPORTS IN REPUTABLEMEDIA. NOTE: PENETRATION FIGURES ARE BASED ON TOTAL POPULATION, REGARDLESS OF AGE. REGIONS AS DEFINED BY THE UNITED NATIONS GEOSCHEME.OCEANIASOUTHERNASIAEASTERNASIACENTRALASIAWESTERNASIASOUTHERNAFRICAEASTERNAFRICAMIDDLEAFRICAWESTERNAFRICANORTHERNAFRICAEASTERNEUROPESOUTHERNEUROPENORTHERNEUROPEWESTERNEUROPESOUTHERNAMERICACARIBBEANCENTRALAMERICANORTHERNAMERICASOUTH-EASTERNASIAINTERNET PENETRATION BY REGIONINTERNET USE BY REGION, COMPARING THE NUMBER OF INTERNET USERS TO TOTAL POPULATION (REGARDLESS OF AGE)69%63%60%42%32%51%12%66%50%80%88%95%50%41%94%51%73%63%95%

92019JANSOURCES: LATEST DATA PUBLISHED BY SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORMS VIA PRESS RELEASES, INVESTOR EARNINGS ANNOUNCEMENTS, AND IN SELF-SERVE ADVERTISING TOOLS; ARAB SOCIALMEDIA REPORT; TECHRASA; NIKI AGHAEI; ROSE.RU; KEPIOS ANALYSIS. NOTE: PENETRATION FIGURES ARE BASED ON TOTAL POPULATION, REGARDLESS OF AGE. REGIONS AS DEFINED BY THEUNITED NATIONS GEOSCHEME.OCEANIASOUTHERNASIAEASTERNASIACENTRALASIAWESTERNASIAEASTERNAFRICAMIDDLEAFRICAWESTERNAFRICANORTHERNAFRICAEASTERNEUROPESOUTHERNEUROPENORTHERNEUROPEWESTERNEUROPESOUTHERNAMERICACARIBBEANCENTRALAMERICANORTHERNAMERICASOUTH-EASTERNASIASOUTHERNAFRICASOCIAL MEDIA PENETRATION BY REGIONBASED ON MONTHLY ACTIVE USERS OF THE MOST ACTIVE PLATFORMS IN EACH COUNTRY / TERRITORY, COMPARED TO TOTAL POPULATION8%38%24%57%61%70%54%16%48%7%12%40%58%53%67%66%46%62%70%

102019JANSOURCES: KEPIOS ANALYSIS; LATEST COMPANY EARNINGS RELEASES, PRESS RELEASES OR MEDIA STATEMENTS; REPORTS IN REPUTABLE MEDIA (ALL UP TO JAN 2019). *ADVISORY: PLATFORMSIDENTIFIED BY (*) HAVE NOT PUBLISHED UPDATED USER FIGURES IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS, SO FIGURES MAY BE LESS RELIABLE. **NOTES: THESE PLATFORMS DO NOT PUBLISH MAU DATA.LINKEDIN FIGURE IS BASED ON MONTHLY UNIQUE WEBSITE VISITORS IN DEC 2018, VIA SIMILARWEB. SNAPCHAT FIGURE EXTRAPOLATED FROM DATA REPORTED IN TECHCRUNCH (JUN 2017).2,2711,9001,5001,3001,0831,000803531500446326330320303300300287260250194QQFACEBOOKYOUTUBEWHATSAPPFB MESSENGERWEIXIN / WECHATINSTAGRAMQZONEDOUYIN / TIKTOKSINA WEIBOTWITTERREDDITDOUBANLINKEDIN**BAIDU TIEBA*SKYPE*SNAPCHAT**VIBER*PINTERESTLINESOCIAL PLATFORMS: ACTIVE USER ACCOUNTSBASED ON MONTHLY ACTIVE USERS, USER ACCOUNTS, OR UNIQUE VISITORS TO EACH PLATFORM, IN MILLIONSSOCIAL NETWORKMESSENGER / VOIP

112019JANSOURCE: BASED ON SIMILARWEB’S ALGORITHM INTEGRATING CURRENT INSTALLS FROM THE GOOGLE PLAY STORE WITH ACTIVE APP USERS (DECEMBER 2018).NOTE: FIGURES IN PARENTHESES IN THE LEGEND REPRESENT THE NUMBER OF COUNTRIES / TERRITORIES IN WHICH EACH PLATFORM IS THE TOP-RANKED MESSENGER APP.WHATSAPP (133)FACEBOOK MESSENGER (75)VIBER (10)IMO (3)WECHAT (3)LINE (3)TELEGRAM (3)HANGOUTS (1)GOOGLE MESSAGES (1)KAKAOTALK (1)UNKNOWN (11)ZALO (1)TOP SOCIAL MESSENGERS AROUND THE WORLDTHE MOST POPULAR MESSENGER APP BY COUNTRY / TERRITORY IN DECEMBER 2018

122019JANSOURCE: EXTRAPOLATED FROM FACEBOOK DATA (JANUARY 2019); KEPIOS ANALYSIS. NOTE: FACEBOOK DOES NOT PUBLISH AUDIENCE DATA FOR GENDERS OTHER THAN ‘MALE’ OR ‘FEMALE’.3%11%13%7%5%3%2%4%16%19%9%5%3%2%SOCIAL MEDIA AUDIENCE PROFILEBASED ON THE COMBINED ADVERTISING AUDIENCES OF FACEBOOK, INSTAGRAM, AND FACEBOOK MESSENGERYEARS OLD YEARS OLDYEARS OLDYEARS OLDYEARS OLDYEARS OLDYEARS OLD13 – 17 18 – 24 25 – 34 35 – 44 45 – 54 55 – 64 65+FEMALEMALE

132019JANSOURCE: GSMA INTELLIGENCE (Q4 2018); KEPIOS ANALYSIS. NOTE: REGIONS AS DEFINED BY THE UNITED NATIONS GEOSCHEME. ADVISORY: MOBILE SUBSCRIPTIONS DO NOT REPRESENTUNIQUE INDIVIDUALS, SO FIGURES OVER 100% INDICATE MULTIPLE MOBILE SUBSCRIPTIONS PER PERSON. REGIONS AS DEFINED BY THE UNITED NATIONS GEOSCHEME.OCEANIASOUTHERNASIAEASTERNASIACENTRALASIAWESTERNASIASOUTHERNAFRICAEASTERNAFRICAMIDDLEAFRICAWESTERNAFRICANORTHERNAFRICAEASTERNEUROPESOUTHERNEUROPENORTHERNEUROPEWESTERNEUROPESOUTHERNAMERICACARIBBEANCENTRALAMERICANORTHERNAMERICASOUTH-EASTERNASIAMOBILE CONNECTIVITY BY REGIONTHE NUMBER OF MOBILE SUBSCRIPTIONS COMPARED TO TOTAL POPULATION (NOTE: NOT UNIQUE USERS)108%129%111%103%91%162%62%101%53%86%102%132%154%120%116%109%73%96%105%

152019JANSOURCES: POPULATION: UNITED NATIONS; U.S. CENSUS BUREAU. MOBILE: GSMA INTELLIGENCE. INTERNET: INTERNETWORLDSTATS; ITU; WORLD BANK; CIA WORLD FACTBOOK; EUROSTAT;LOCAL GOVERNMENT BODIES AND REGULATORY AUTHORITIES; MIDEASTMEDIA.ORG; REPORTS IN REPUTABLE MEDIA. SOCIAL MEDIA: PLATFORMS’ SELF-SERVE ADVERTISING TOOLS; PRESSRELEASES AND INVESTOR EARNINGS ANNOUNCEMENTS; ARAB SOCIAL MEDIA REPORT; TECHRASA; NIKI AGHAEI; ROSE.RU. (ALL LATEST AVAILABLE DATA IN JANUARY 2019).THE ESSENTIAL HEADLINE DATA YOU NEED TO UNDERSTAND MOBILE, INTERNET, AND SOCIAL MEDIA USEIRAQ39.88 38.22 19.68 19.00 18.00MILLION MILLION MILLION MILLION MILLION71% 96% 49% 48% 45%TOTALPOPULATIONMOBILESUBSCRIPTIONSINTERNETUSERSACTIVE SOCIALMEDIA USERSMOBILE SOCIALMEDIA USERSURBANISATION: vs. POPULATION: PENETRATION: PENETRATION: PENETRATION:

162019JANSOURCES: POPULATION: UNITED NATIONS; U.S. CENSUS BUREAU. MOBILE: GSMA INTELLIGENCE. INTERNET: INTERNETWORLDSTATS; ITU; WORLD BANK; CIA WORLD FACTBOOK; EUROSTAT;LOCAL GOVERNMENT BODIES AND REGULATORY AUTHORITIES; MIDEASTMEDIA.ORG; REPORTS IN REPUTABLE MEDIA. SOCIAL MEDIA: PLATFORMS’ SELF-SERVE ADVERTISING TOOLS; PRESSRELEASES AND INVESTOR EARNINGS ANNOUNCEMENTS; ARAB SOCIAL MEDIA REPORT; TECHRASA; NIKI AGHAEI; ROSE.RU. (ALL LATEST AVAILABLE DATA IN JANUARY 2019).ANNUAL DIGITAL GROWTHTHE YEAR-ON-YEAR CHANGE IN KEY STATISTICAL INDICATORS+2.8% +3.5% +3.6% 0% +5.9%+1 MILLION +1 MILLION +683 THOUSAND [UNCHANGED] +1 MILLIONTOTALPOPULATIONMOBILESUBSCRIPTIONSINTERNETUSERSACTIVE SOCIALMEDIA USERSMOBILE SOCIALMEDIA USERSJAN 2018 – JAN 2019 JAN 2018 – JAN 2019 JAN 2018 – JAN 2019 JAN 2018 – JAN 2019 JAN 2018 – JAN 2019

172019JANSOURCES: UNITED NATIONS; U.S. CENSUS BUREAU; WORLD BANK; IMF; UNESCO; UNICEF; CIA WORLD FACTBOOK; PEW RESEARCH (ALL LATEST DATA AVAILABLE IN JANUARY 2019). *NOTE:‘INTERNATIONAL DOLLARS’ ARE NOTIONAL MEASURES THAT PROVIDE A CONSISTENT BASIS FOR COMPARISON. AN ‘INTERNATIONAL DOLLAR’ WOULD BUY A COMPARABLE AMOUNT OFGOODS AND SERVICES IN THE CITED COUNTRY THAT A U.S. DOLLAR WOULD BUY IN THE UNITED STATES.OVERVIEW: POPULATION & ECONOMYESSENTIAL DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC INDICATORS71% $17,197 44% 38% 53%39.88 49.4% 50.6% +2.8% 20.0MILLIONTOTALPOPULATIONFEMALEPOPULATIONMALEPOPULATIONANNUAL CHANGEIN POPULATION SIZEMEDIANAGEURBANPOPULATIONGDP PER CAPITA (PPP)(CURRENT INTERNATIONAL $)*OVERALL LITERACY(ADULTS AGED 15+)FEMALE LITERACY(ADULTS AGED 15+)MALE LITERACY(ADULTS AGED 15+)

192019JANSOURCES: INTERNETWORLDSTATS; ITU; WORLD BANK; CIA WORLD FACTBOOK; LOCAL GOVERNMENT BODIES AND REGULATORY AUTHORITIES; MIDEASTMEDIA.ORG; REPORTS IN REPUTABLEMEDIA. MOBILE SHARE DATA: GLOBALWEBINDEX (Q2 & Q3 2018); AND EXTRAPOLATIONS OF DATA PUBLISHED BY THE WORLD’S LARGEST SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORMS VIA EARNINGS RELEASESAND SELF-SERVE ADVERTISING TOOLS. GLOBALWEBINDEX FIGURES REPRESENT THE FINDINGS OF A BROAD SURVEY OF INTERNET USERS AGED 16-64.INTERNET USE: DEVICE PERSPECTIVEBASED ON ACTIVE INTERNET USER DATA, AND ACTIVE USE OF INTERNET-POWERED MOBILE SERVICES19.68 49% 18.65 47%MILLION MILLIONTOTAL NUMBEROF ACTIVEINTERNET USERSINTERNET USERS ASA PERCENTAGE OFTOTAL POPULATIONTOTAL NUMBEROF ACTIVE MOBILEINTERNET USERSMOBILE INTERNET USERSAS A PERCENTAGEOF TOTAL POPULATIONglobalwebindex

202019JANSOURCE: INTERNETWORLDSTATS; ITU; WORLD BANK; CIA WORLD FACTBOOK (ALL LATEST DATA AVAILABLE IN JANUARY 2019).INTERNET USERS: DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVESDIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES ON THE NUMBER OF INTERNET USERS, FROM SOME OF THE WORLD’S MOST COMPREHENSIVE STUDIES19.00 19.68 19.68 8.10MILLION MILLION MILLION MILLIONINTERNETWORLD STATSITU (INTERNATIONALTELECOMMUNICATION UNION)WORLDBANKCIA WORLDFACTBOOK

212019JANSOURCE: OOKLA SPEEDTEST (DECEMBER 2018 AND DECEMBER 2017).INTERNET CONNECTION SPEEDSAVERAGE DOWNLOAD SPEEDS FOR MOBILE AND FIXED INTERNET CONNECTIONS, WITH YEAR-ON-YEAR COMPARISONMBPSMBPS6.49 +55% 15.64 +88%AVERAGE SPEED OFMOBILE INTERNETCONNECTIONSYEAR-ON-YEAR CHANGE INAVERAGE SPEED OF MOBILEINTERNET CONNECTIONSAVERAGE SPEED OFFIXED INTERNETCONNECTIONSYEAR-ON-YEAR CHANGE INAVERAGE SPEED OF FIXEDINTERNET CONNECTIONS

222019JANSOURCE: SIMILARWEB (JANUARY 2019). FIGURES BASED ON MONTHLY AVERAGES FOR Q4 2018. NOTES: ‘MONTHLY TRAFFIC’ DOES NOT REPRESENT UNIQUE VISITORS. ‘TIME PER VISIT’FIGURES REPRESENT THE AVERAGE DURATION OF USERS’ VISITS, MEASURED IN MINUTES AND SECONDS. ADVISORY: SOME WEBSITES FEATURED IN THIS RANKING MAY CONTAIN ADULTCONTENT. PLEASE USE CAUTION WHEN VISITING UNKNOWN WEBSITES.SIMILARWEB’S TOP WEBSITESRANKING OF WEBSITES BY AVERAGE MONTHLY TRAFFIC01 YOUTUBE.COM TV & VIDEO 25,600,000 29M 17S 12.302 FACEBOOK.COM SOCIAL 16,500,000 22M 30S 16.303 GOOGLE.COM SEARCH 15,700,000 11M 48S 11.604 GOOGLE.IQ SEARCH 13,900,000 10M 46S 9.105 SHABAKATY.COM NEWS 4,600,000 10M 54S 5.206 YAHOO.COM NEWS 2,500,000 08M 17S 6.407 WIKIPEDIA.ORG REFERENCE 1,800,000 04M 24S 3.308 TWITTER.COM SOCIAL 1,700,000 13M 04S 9.909 INSTAGRAM.COM SOCIAL 1,700,000 12M 10S 31.310 XNXX.COM ADULT 1,700,000 19M 22S 13.0# WEBSITE CATEGORY MONTHLY TRAFFIC TIME PER VISIT PAGES PER VISIT

232019JANSOURCE: ALEXA (JANUARY 2019). NOTES: ‘TIME / DAY’ FIGURES REPRESENT ALEXA’S ESTIMATES OF THE AVERAGE DAILY AMOUNT OF TIME THAT VISITORS SPEND ON THE SITE FOR DAYSWHEN THEY VISIT THE SITE, MEASURED IN MINUTES AND SECONDS. ADVISORY: SOME WEBSITES FEATURED IN THIS RANKING MAY CONTAIN ADULT CONTENT. PLEASE USE CAUTION WHENVISITING UNKNOWN WEBSITES.ALEXA’S TOP WEBSITESRANKING OF WEBSITES BY THE NUMBER OF VISITORS AND TOTAL PAGE VIEWS11 KOOORA.COM 08M 01S 5.8212 FBCDN.NET 03M 55S 2.7313 XELK.ORG 02M 36S 1.9914 GETAWESOME1.COM 01M 16S 1.0915 XNXX.COM 14M 11S 10.2116 MAWDOO3.COM 03M 40S 2.1417 WESTGANEWS.NET 00M 00S 1.0018 AMAZON.COM 08M 09S 8.2619 XHAMSTER.COM 12M 58S 10.0720 SPEAKOL.COM 02M 57S 2.8301 GOOGLE.COM 07M 42S 9.5402 YOUTUBE.COM 08M 47S 5.0203 GOOGLE.IQ 06M 14S 6.6604 FACEBOOK.COM 09M 43S 4.0305 SHABAKATY.COM 07M 09S 6.0206 YAHOO.COM 04M 01S 3.6007 NRTTV.COM 02M 26S 2.1708 WIKIPEDIA.ORG 04M 15S 3.1509 BASNEWS.COM 07M 51S 3.4210 BLOGSPOT.COM 03M 07S 2.43# WEBSITE TIME / DAY PAGES / VISIT # WEBSITE TIME / DAY PAGES / VISIT

242019JANSOURCE: GOOGLE TRENDS (ACCESSED JANUARY 2019); KEPIOS ANALYSIS. NOTES: GOOGLE DOES NOT PUBLISH SEARCH VOLUMES, BUT THE ‘INDEX’ COLUMNSHOWS RELATIVE VOLUMES FOR EACH QUERY COMPARED TO SEARCH VOLUMES FOR THE TOP QUERY (AN INDEX OF 50 MEANS THAT THE QUERY RECEIVED 50%OF THE SEARCH VOLUME OF THE TOP QUERY). YEAR-ON-YEAR CHANGE FIGURES COMPARE INDEX VALUES FOR EACH QUERY IN DECEMBER 2018 TO DECEMBER 2017.TOP GOOGLE SEARCH QUERIES IN 2018BASED ON SEARCHES THROUGHOUT 201811 ‫بنات‬ ‫صور‬ 1212 ‫اغاني‬ 1113 ‫فيسبوك‬ 914 ‫العاب‬ 915 ‫الطقس‬ 816 ‫ترجمه‬ 817 ‫كورة‬ 818 ‫الدخول‬ ‫تسجيل‬ 719 TRANSLATE 620 ‫الدخول‬ ‫تسجيل‬ ‫فيسبوك‬ 601 ‫صور‬ 10002 ‫فيس‬ 4303 ‫مترجم‬ 1904 ‫بوك‬ ‫فيس‬ 1905 ‫العراق‬ 1706 FACEBOOK 1707 GOOGLE 1608 ‫يوتيوب‬ 1509 YOUTUBE 1410 ‫ترجمة‬ 13# SEARCH QUERY INDEX # SEARCH QUERY INDEX

262019JANSOURCES: LATEST DATA PUBLISHED BY SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORMS VIA PRESS RELEASES, INVESTOR EARNINGS ANNOUNCEMENTS, AND IN SELF-SERVE ADVERTISING TOOLS; ARAB SOCIALMEDIA REPORT; TECHRASA; NIKI AGHAEI; ROSE.RU; KEPIOS ANALYSIS.SOCIAL MEDIA OVERVIEWBASED ON MONTHLY ACTIVE USERS OF THE MOST ACTIVE SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORMS19.00 48% 18.00 45%MILLION MILLIONTOTAL NUMBEROF ACTIVE SOCIALMEDIA USERSACTIVE SOCIAL MEDIAUSERS AS A PERCENTAGEOF TOTAL POPULATIONTOTAL NUMBER OF ACTIVESOCIAL USERS ACCESSINGVIA MOBILE DEVICESACTIVE MOBILE SOCIALUSERS AS A PERCENTAGEOF THE TOTAL POPULATION

272019JANSOURCE: EACH PLATFORM’S SELF-SERVE ADVERTISING TOOLS (JANUARY 2019). *NOTE: FIGURES REPRESENT ADDRESSABLE ADVERTISING AUDIENCES ONLY, AND MAY NOT REFLECT TOTALACTIVE USERS OR MEMBER BASES. ADVISORY: FIGURES FOR LINKEDIN REPRESENT REGISTERED MEMBERS, SO ARE NOT DIRECTLY COMPARABLE TO FIGURES FOR OTHER PLATFORMS.SOCIAL MEDIA ADVERTISING AUDIENCESA COMPARISON OF THE TOTAL ADDRESSABLE ADVERTISING AUDIENCE* OF SELECTED SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORMS27% 73% 31% 69% 18% 82% 59% 39% 15% 85%18.00 8.20 677.5 4.30 730.0MILLION MILLION THOUSAND MILLION THOUSANDTOTAL ADVERTISINGAUDIENCE ON FACEBOOK(MONTHLY ACTIVE USERS)TOTAL ADVERTISINGAUDIENCE ON INSTAGRAM(MONTHLY ACTIVE USERS)TOTAL ADVERTISINGAUDIENCE ON TWITTER(MONTHLY ACTIVE USERS)TOTAL ADVERTISINGAUDIENCE ON SNAPCHAT(MONTHLY ACTIVE USERS)TOTAL ADVERTISINGAUDIENCE ON LINKEDIN(REGISTERED MEMBERS)FEMALE FEMALEFEMALEFEMALEFEMALEMALE MALEMALEMALEMALE

282019JANSOURCE: EACH PLATFORM’S SELF-SERVE ADVERTISING TOOLS (JANUARY 2019). *NOTE: FIGURES REPRESENT ADDRESSABLE ADVERTISING AUDIENCES ONLY, AND MAY NOT REFLECT TOTALACTIVE USERS OR MEMBER BASES. ADVISORY: FIGURES FOR LINKEDIN REPRESENT REGISTERED MEMBERS, SO ARE NOT DIRECTLY COMPARABLE TO FIGURES FOR OTHER PLATFORMS.SOCIAL MEDIA AUDIENCES: QUARTERLY GROWTHTHE QUARTERLY CHANGE IN THE TOTAL ADDRESSABLE ADVERTISING AUDIENCES* OF SELECTED SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORMS0% +5.1% -4.1% -6.5% +2.8%QUARTERLY CHANGE INTHE TOTAL ADVERTISINGAUDIENCE ON FACEBOOK(MONTHLY ACTIVE USERS)QUARTERLY CHANGE INTHE TOTAL ADVERTISINGAUDIENCE ON INSTAGRAM(MONTHLY ACTIVE USERS)QUARTERLY CHANGE INTHE TOTAL ADVERTISINGAUDIENCE ON TWITTER(MONTHLY ACTIVE USERS)QUARTERLY CHANGE INTHE TOTAL ADVERTISINGAUDIENCE ON SNAPCHAT(MONTHLY ACTIVE USERS)QUARTERLY CHANGE INTHE TOTAL ADVERTISINGAUDIENCE ON LINKEDIN(REGISTERED MEMBERS)

292019JANSOURCE: FACEBOOK (JANUARY 2019); KEPIOS ANALYSIS. *NOTE: FACEBOOK DOES NOT PUBLISH ADVERTISING AUDIENCE DATA FOR GENDERS OTHER THAN ‘MALE’ AND ‘FEMALE’.ADVISORY: FIGURES REPORTED ON THIS CHART ARE BASED ON FACEBOOK’S ADDRESSABLE ADVERTISING AUDIENCE, AND MAY NOT MATCH TOTAL MONTHLY ACTIVE USERS. AS A RESULT,FIGURES ON THIS CHART ARE NOT DIRECTLY COMPARABLE TO THE ‘MONTHLY ACTIVE FACEBOOK USERS’ FIGURE THAT WE REPORTED IN OUR DIGITAL 2018 REPORTS.FACEBOOK AUDIENCE OVERVIEWBASED ON FACEBOOK’S TOTAL ADDRESSABLE ADVERTISING AUDIENCE18.00 68% 0% 27% 73%MILLIONNUMBER OF PEOPLE THATFACEBOOK REPORTSCAN BE REACHED WITHADVERTS ON FACEBOOKPERCENTAGE OF ADULTSAGED 13+ THAT CANBE REACHED WITHADVERTS ON FACEBOOKQUARTER-ON-QUARTER GROWTHIN FACEBOOKADVERTISING REACHPERCENTAGE OFITS AD AUDIENCETHAT FACEBOOKREPORTS IS FEMALE*PERCENTAGE OFITS AD AUDIENCETHAT FACEBOOKREPORTS IS MALE*

302019JANSOURCE: FACEBOOK (JANUARY 2019). *NOTE: FIGURES REPRESENT MEDIAN VALUES FOR ACTIVE FACEBOOK USERS AGED 18 AND ABOVE.FACEBOOK ACTIVITY FREQUENCYTHE NUMBER OF TIMES A ‘TYPICAL’ USER* PERFORMS EACH ACTIVITY ON FACEBOOK2 1 8 11 5 7 1 1 5 111 10 7 1 10NUMBER OFFACEBOOK PAGESLIKED (LIFETIME)POSTS LIKED INTHE PAST 30 DAYS(ALL POST TYPES)COMMENTS MADE INTHE PAST 30 DAYS(ALL POST TYPES)FACEBOOK POSTSSHARED IN THE PAST 30DAYS (ALL POST TYPES)FACEBOOK ADVERTSCLICKED IN THE PAST 30DAYS (ANY CLICK TYPE)FEMALE FEMALEFEMALEFEMALEFEMALEMALE MALEMALEMALEMALE

312019JANSOURCE: INSTAGRAM (JANUARY 2019); KEPIOS ANALYSIS. *NOTE: INSTAGRAM DOES NOT PUBLISH ADVERTISING AUDIENCE DATA FOR GENDERS OTHER THAN ‘MALE’ AND ‘FEMALE’.INSTAGRAM AUDIENCE OVERVIEWBASED ON INSTAGRAM’S TOTAL ADDRESSABLE ADVERTISING AUDIENCE8.20 31% +5.1% 31% 69%MILLIONNUMBER OF PEOPLE THATINSTAGRAM REPORTSCAN BE REACHED WITHADVERTS ON INSTAGRAMPERCENTAGE OF ADULTSAGED 13+ THAT CANBE REACHED WITHADVERTS ON INSTAGRAMQUARTER-ON-QUARTER GROWTHIN INSTAGRAMADVERTISING REACHPERCENTAGE OFITS AD AUDIENCETHAT INSTAGRAMREPORTS IS FEMALE*PERCENTAGE OFITS AD AUDIENCETHAT INSTAGRAMREPORTS IS MALE*

322019JANSOURCE: TWITTER (JANUARY 2019); KEPIOS ANALYSIS. *NOTE: TWITTER DOES NOT PUBLISH ADVERTISING AUDIENCE DATA FOR GENDERS OTHER THAN ‘MALE’ AND ‘FEMALE’. GENDER SHAREFIGURES EXTRAPOLATED FROM AVAILABLE DATA.TWITTER AUDIENCE OVERVIEWBASED ON TWITTER’S TOTAL ADDRESSABLE ADVERTISING AUDIENCE677.5 2.6% -4.1% 18% 82%THOUSANDNUMBER OF PEOPLE THATTWITTER REPORTSCAN BE REACHED WITHADVERTS ON TWITTERPERCENTAGE OF ADULTSAGED 13+ THAT CANBE REACHED WITHADVERTS ON TWITTERQUARTER-ON-QUARTER GROWTHIN TWITTERADVERTISING REACHPERCENTAGE OFITS AD AUDIENCETHAT TWITTERREPORTS IS FEMALE*PERCENTAGE OFITS AD AUDIENCETHAT TWITTERREPORTS IS MALE*

332019JANSOURCE: SNAPCHAT (JANUARY 2019); KEPIOS ANALYSIS. *NOTE: SNAPCHAT DOES NOT PUBLISH ADVERTISING AUDIENCE DATA FOR GENDERS OTHER THAN ‘MALE’ AND ‘FEMALE’, BUT THEDATA THAT THE PLATFORM REPORTS FOR MALE AND FEMALE AUDIENCES DO NOT SUM TO 100% OF THE TOTAL AUDIENCE FIGURE.SNAPCHAT AUDIENCE OVERVIEWBASED ON SNAPCHAT’S TOTAL ADDRESSABLE ADVERTISING AUDIENCE4.30 16% -6.5% 59% 39%MILLIONNUMBER OF PEOPLE THATSNAPCHAT REPORTSCAN BE REACHED WITHADVERTS ON SNAPCHATPERCENTAGE OF ADULTSAGED 13+ THAT CANBE REACHED WITHADVERTS ON SNAPCHATQUARTER-ON-QUARTER GROWTHIN SNAPCHATADVERTISING REACHPERCENTAGE OFITS AD AUDIENCETHAT SNAPCHATREPORTS IS FEMALE*PERCENTAGE OFITS AD AUDIENCETHAT SNAPCHATREPORTS IS MALE*

342019JANSOURCE: LINKEDIN (JANUARY 2019); KEPIOS ANALYSIS.*NOTE: LINKEDIN’S ADVERTISING AUDIENCE FIGURES ARE BASED ON TOTAL MEMBERS, NOT MONTHLY ACTIVE USERS. LINKEDIN DOESNOT REPORT ADVERTISING AUDIENCE FIGURES FOR GENDERS OTHER THAN ‘MALE’ OR ‘FEMALE’. GENDER DATA HAVE BEEN EXTRAPOLATED BASED ON AVAILABLE DATA.LINKEDIN AUDIENCE OVERVIEWBASED ON LINKEDIN’S TOTAL ADDRESSABLE ADVERTISING AUDIENCE730.0 3.4% +2.8% 15% 85%THOUSANDNUMBER OF PEOPLE THATLINKEDIN REPORTSCAN BE REACHED WITHADVERTS ON LINKEDINPERCENTAGE OF ADULTSAGED 18+ THAT CANBE REACHED WITHADVERTS ON LINKEDINQUARTER-ON-QUARTER GROWTHIN LINKEDINADVERTISING REACHPERCENTAGE OFITS AD AUDIENCETHAT LINKEDINREPORTS IS FEMALE*PERCENTAGE OFITS AD AUDIENCETHAT LINKEDINREPORTS IS MALE*

352019JANSOURCE: GOOGLE TRENDS (ACCESSED JANUARY 2019); KEPIOS ANALYSIS. NOTES: GOOGLE DOES NOT PUBLISH SEARCH VOLUMES, BUT THE ‘INDEX’ COLUMN SHOWS RELATIVE VOLUMESFOR EACH QUERY COMPARED TO SEARCH VOLUMES FOR THE TOP QUERY (AN INDEX OF 50 MEANS THAT THE QUERY RECEIVED 50% OF THE SEARCH VOLUME OF THE TOP QUERY).TOP YOUTUBE SEARCH QUERIES IN 2018BASED ON SEARCHES ON THE YOUTUBE PLATFORM THROUGHOUT 201811 ‫العاب‬ 2712 ‫مصطفى‬ 2613 ‫ردح‬ 2414 ‫الزين‬ ‫نور‬ 2415 ‫حتشيش‬ 2416 ‫سيد‬ 2317 ‫بيبي‬ 2318 ‫فلم‬ 2219 ‫طيور‬ 2020 ‫دعاء‬ 2001 ‫اغاني‬ 10002 ‫اغاني‬ ‫اغاني‬ 9903 ‫مسلسل‬ 7704 ‫اغنيه‬ 6305 ‫اغنية‬ 6306 ‫باسم‬ 4407 ‫الكربالئي‬ ‫باسم‬ 3508 ‫افالم‬ 3209 ‫اريد‬ 2910 ‫اطفال‬ 28# SEARCH QUERY INDEX # SEARCH QUERY INDEX

372019JANSOURCE: GSMA INTELLIGENCE (Q4 2018 AND JANUARY 2019). ADVISORY: GSMA INTELLIGENCE HAVE REVISED SOME HISTORICAL FIGURES IN THE PAST YEAR, SO THE FIGURES SHOWN HEREMAY NOT BE DIRECTLY COMPARABLE TO THE DATA WE REPORTED IN OUR DIGITAL 2018 REPORTS.MOBILE CONNECTIONS BY TYPEBASED ON THE NUMBER OF CELLULAR CONNECTIONS (NOTE: NOT UNIQUE INDIVIDUALS)38.22 96% 96% 4% 36%MILLIONTOTAL NUMBEROF MOBILECONNECTIONSMOBILE CONNECTIONSAS A PERCENTAGE OFTOTAL POPULATIONPERCENTAGE OFMOBILE CONNECTIONSTHAT ARE PRE-PAIDPERCENTAGE OFMOBILE CONNECTIONSTHAT ARE POST-PAIDPERCENTAGE OF MOBILECONNECTIONS THAT AREBROADBAND (3G & 4G)

382019JANSOURCE: GSMA INTELLIGENCE. TO ACCESS THE COMPLETE MOBILE CONNECTIVITY INDEX, VISIT HTTP://WWW.MOBILECONNECTIVITYINDEX.COM/MOBILE CONNECTIVITY INDEXGSMA INTELLIGENCE’S ASSESSMENT OF KEY ENABLERS AND DRIVERS OF MOBILE CONNECTIVITY46.46 35.04 40.44 53.44 61.50OVERALL COUNTRYINDEX SCOREMOBILE NETWORKINFRASTRUCTUREAFFORDABILITY OFDEVICES & SERVICESCONSUMERREADINESSAVAILABILITY OF RELEVANTCONTENT & SERVICESOUT OF A MAXIMUMPOSSIBLE SCORE OF 100OUT OF A MAXIMUMPOSSIBLE SCORE OF 100OUT OF A MAXIMUMPOSSIBLE SCORE OF 100OUT OF A MAXIMUMPOSSIBLE SCORE OF 100OUT OF A MAXIMUMPOSSIBLE SCORE OF 100

402019JANSOURCE: WORLD BANK GLOBAL FINANCIAL INCLUSION DATA (LATEST AVAILABLE DATA, ACCESSED JANUARY 2019).NOTE: FIGURES REPRESENT THE PERCENTAGE OF ADULTS AGED 15+, NOT TOTAL POPULATION.FINANCIAL INCLUSION FACTORSPERCENTAGE OF THE POPULATION AGED 15+ THAT REPORTS OWNING OR USING EACH FINANCIAL PRODUCT OR SERVICE0.9% 2.7% 9.9% 17%23% 1.8% 4.2% 14%HAS AN ACCOUNT WITHA FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONHAS ACREDIT CARDHAS A MOBILEMONEY ACCOUNTMAKES ONLINE PURCHASESAND / OR PAYS BILLS ONLINEPERCENTAGE OF WOMENWITH A CREDIT CARDPERCENTAGE OF MENWITH A CREDIT CARDPERCENTAGE OF WOMENMAKING ONLINE TRANSACTIONSPERCENTAGE OF MENMAKING ONLINE TRANSACTIONS

HOOTSUITE WE ARE SOCIALCLICK THE LOGOS BELOW TO READ AND DOWNLOADTHE FULL COLLECTION OF DIGITAL 2019 REPORTS,AND ACCESS ADDITIONAL CONTENT, INSIGHTS ANDRESOURCES FROM HOOTSUITE AND WE ARE SOCIAL:

Learn more about GSMA Intelligence at http://www.gsmaintelligence.comGSMA Intelligence is the unit within the GSMA that houses the organisation’s extensivedatabase of mobile operator statistics, forecasts, and industry reports. GSMA Intelligence’sdatacoverseveryoperatorgroup,networkandMVNOineverycountry–fromAfghanistanto Zimbabwe. Updated daily, it is the most accurate and complete set of industry metricsavailable, comprising tens of millions of individual data points.Leadingoperators,vendors,regulators,financialinstitutionsandthird-partyindustryplayersrely on GSMA Intelligence to support strategic decision-making and long-term investmentplanning. The data is used as an industry reference point and is frequently cited by themedia and by the industry itself. GSMA Intelligence’s team of analysts and experts produceregular thought-leading research reports across a range of industry topics.SPECIAL THANKS: GSMA INTELLIGENCE

Learn more about SimilarWeb at http://www.similarweb.comWEBINTELLIGENCEAPPINTELLIGENCEGLOBALCOVERAGEGRANULARANALYSISSimilarWeb is the pioneer of market intelligence and the standard forunderstanding the digital world. SimilarWeb provides granular insightsabout any website or app across all industries in every region.SPECIAL THANKS: SIMILARWEB

SOCIAL MEDIA BEHAVIOURS: Time spent onsocial media from GlobalWebIndex (Q2 & Q32018)*. Facebook reach and engagement data fromLocowise (Q4 2018).MOBILE USERS & CONNECTIONS: GSMAIntelligence (January 2019); Ericsson Mobility Report(November 2018); Ericsson Mobility Calculator andVisualizer tools (accessed January 2019);MOBILE APPS: App Annie (January 2019);SimilarWeb (January 2019).E-COMMERCE USERS & SPEND: Statista DigitalMarket Outlook (e-Commerce, e-Travel, and digitalmedia industry reports) (accessed January 2019).GlobalWebIndex (Q2 & Q3 2018)*; WorldpayGlobal Payments Report (November 2018).*METHODOLOGY NOTE: GlobalWebIndexconducts a quarterly survey of a panel of 22 millioninternet users across 45 countries around the world,representing 90% of the world’s total internet users. Forfull details of the company’s methodology, please visithttp://www.globalwebindex.com/POPULATION & DEMOGRAPHICS: UnitedNations World Population Prospects, 2017 Revision;US Census Bureau (accessed January 2019); UnitedNations World Urbanization Prospects, 2018 Revision.LITERACY RATES: UNESCO Institute for Statistics;UNICEF Data; World Bank DataBank; Pew Research;Ethnologue; IndexMundi; CIA World Factbook;Phrasebase (all accessed January 2019).GDP & FINANCIAL INCLUSION DATA: WorldBank DataBank; IMF Data; CIA World Factbook (allaccessed January 2019).DEVICE USAGE: Google Consumer Barometer(accessed January 2018). Note that data has not beenupdated in the past 12 months.INTERNET USERS: InternetWorldStats; ITU Statistics;World Bank DataBank; CIA World Factbook; EurostatData Explorer; Facebook’s self-serve advertisingtools; Techrasa; MidEastMedia.org; local governmentauthorities and telecom regulatory bodies; reports inreputable media (all accessed January 2019). MobileInternet share based on data from GlobalWebIndex(Q2 & Q3 2018)*, and extrapolations of datareported in Facebook’s self-serve advertising tools.Internet connection speed data from Ookla Speedtest(December 2018). Time spent on the internet fromGlobalWebIndex (Q2 & Q3 2018)*. World’s topwebsites from SimilarWeb (December 2018) andAlexa (30 days to 16 January 2019). Google searchinsights from Google Trends (data for full year 2018).Data on use of voice search and ad blockers fromGlobalWebIndex (Q2 & Q3 2018)*. Privacy concerninsights from Statista Global Consumer Survey 2018.Content streaming insights from GlobalWebIndex(Q2 & Q3 2018)*. Internet use frequency data fromGoogle Consumer Barometer (accessed January2018).SOCIAL MEDIA USERS: Company earningsannouncements; press releases; remarks by seniorplatform executives at public events; statements oncompany websites; reports in reputable media. Topmessenger platforms from SimilarWeb (December2018).SOCIAL MEDIA ADVERTISING AUDIENCES: dataextracted from each platform’s self-serve advertisingtools (January 2019 and October 2018). Many datapoints involve further extrapolations of this data.NOTES ON DATA SOURCES

NOTES ON DATA VARIANCE, MISMATCHES, AND CURIOSITIESIt’s unlikely that one hundred percent ofinternet users in any given country will usethe same social media platform though, so incases where internet and social media usernumbers are the same, it’s likely that the actualnumber of internet users will be higher than thenumber we’ve reported.Lastly, a number of metrics that we reported inlast year’s Global Digital reports have beenrevised by the original data provider sincepublication, and as a result, some figuresin this year’s reports may appear to havechanged in unexpected ways. Whereverwe’re aware of these changes, we’ve includeddetails in the footnotes of each relevant chart,but please use caution when comparing datafrom different reports in case the original basehas changed.If you have any questions about specific datapoints in these reports, or if you’d like to offeryour organisation’s data for consideration infuture reports, please email our reports team:reports@kepios.com.This report uses data from a wide variety ofsources, including market research agencies,internet and social media companies,governments and public bodies, news media,journalists, and our own internal analysis.Wherever possible, we’ve prioritised datasources that provide broader geographicalcoverage, in order to minimise the potentialvariations between data points, and offermore reliable comparison across countries.However, where we believe that an individualmetric provides a more reliable reference,we’ve used such individual numbers to ensurethe most accurate reporting.Furthermore, due to differing data collectionand treatment methodologies used by theseorganisations, and the different sampleperiods during which data were collected,there may be significant differences in thereported metrics for similar data pointsthroughout this report. In particular, datacollected via surveys often vary from onereport to another, even if those data werecollected by the same organisation using thesame approach in each wave.Similarly, reports of internet user numbersvary considerably between different sources.In part, this is because there are fewercommercial imperatives for governmentsand regulators to collect and publish regularinternet user data. However, the user numberspublished by social media platforms can bea useful proxy for the number of internet usersin countries where no other reliable data areavailable, because all active social mediausers must have an active internet connectionin order to access social media. These dataare also more likely to be updated on aregular basis, as social media companiesrely on this data to help sell their advertisingproducts and services.As a result, on occasion, we’ve used the latestaddressable advertising audience data fromsocial media platforms’ self-serve advertisingtools to inform our internet user numbers,especially in less-developed economies,where ‘official’ internet user numbers arepublished less frequently. Consequently, thereare a number of instances in this report wherethe reported number of social media usersequals the reported number of internet users.

DISCLAIMER AND IMPORTANT NOTESThis report has been compiled by Kepios Pte.Ltd. (“Kepios”), We Are Social Ltd. (“We AreSocial”) and Hootsuite Inc. (“Hootsuite”)for informational purposes only, and relieson data from a wide variety of sources,including but not limited to public and privatecompanies, market research firms, governmentagencies, NGOs, and private individuals.While Kepios, We Are Social, and Hootsuitestrive to ensure that all data and chartscontained in this report are, as at the time ofpublishing, accurate and up-to-date, neitherKepios, nor We Are Social, nor Hootsuiteshall be responsible for any errors oromissions contained in this report, or for theresults obtained from its use.All information contained in this reportis provided “as is”, with no guaranteewhatsoever of its accuracy, completeness,correctness or non-infringement of third-party rights and without warranty of anykind, express or implied, including withoutlimitation, warranties of merchantability orfitness for any particular purpose.This report contains data, tables, figures,maps, flags, analyses and technical notesthat relate to various geographical territoriesaround the world, however reference tothese territories and any associated elements(including names and flags) does not implythe expression of any opinion whatsoeveron the part of Kepios, We Are Social,Hootsuite, or any of the featured brands,nor any of those organisations’ partners,affiliates, employees or agents, concerningthe legal status of any country, territory, cityor area or of its authorities, or concerning thedelimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Thisreport is provided with the understanding thatit does not constitute professional advice orservices of any kind and should therefore notbe substituted for independent investigations,thought or judgment.Accordingly, neither Kepios, nor We AreSocial, nor Hootsuite, nor any of the brands ororganisations featured or cited herein, nor anyof their partners, affiliates, group companies,employees or agents shall, to the fullestextent permitted by law, be liable to you oranyone else for any direct, indirect, punitive,incidental, special, consequential, exemplaryor similar loss or damage, or loss or damageof any kind, suffered by you or anyone elseas a result of any use, action or decision takenby you or anyone else in any way connectedto this report or the information containedherein, or the result(s) thereof, even if advisedof the possibility of such loss or damage.This report may contain references to thirdparties, however this report does not endorseany such third parties or their productsor services, nor is this report sponsored,endorsed or associated with such third parties.Except for those portions of this report relatingto the perspectives of Hootsuite or We AreSocial, this report and any opinions containedherein have been prepared by Kepios,and have not been specifically approvedor disapproved by Hootsuite. This report issubject to change without notice. To ensurethat you have the most up-to-date version ofthis report, please visit our reports website athttps://datareportal.com.

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We are a socially-led creative agency.We are a global team of more than 750 people with a commonpurpose: to connect people and brands in meaningful ways.We believe in people before platforms and the power ofsocial insight to drive business value. We call this social thinking.We already work with many of the world’s top brands,including adidas, Netflix, Samsung, Lavazza, and Google.If you’d like to work with us, visit https://wearesocial.com

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