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Arduino slides
The document provides an overview of Arduino, including what it is, common Arduino boards, digital and analog input/output, and example projects. Arduino is an open-source electronics prototyping platform that can be used to create interactive objects. It uses a simple hardware and software environment to program and develop prototypes. The Arduino Uno is one of the most commonly used boards, which contains an Atmega328 microcontroller, digital and analog pins, and can be programmed via USB. The document describes how to connect various components like LEDs, buttons, sensors and motors to an Arduino board.
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Arduino slides
- 2. What isArduino? What can I make with Arduino? Getting started Digital Inputs and Outputs Analog Inputs and Outputs Motors Putting It AllTogether Summary
- 3.“Arduino is anopen-source electronicsprototyping platform based on flexible, easy-to-use hardware and software. It's intended forartists, designers, hobbyists, and anyoneinterested in creating interactive objects orenvironments.“http://www.arduino.cc/
- 4. A programmingenvironment forWindows,Mac or Linux A hardware specification Software libraries that can be reused in yourprogramsAll for FREE!** Except the price of the hardware you purchase
- 5. There aremany types of hardware fordifferent needs
- 6. The mostcommonly used Arduino board We will be using this board in this workshop
- 7.• Microprocessor –Atmega328• 16 Mhz speed• 14 Digital I/O Pins• 6 Analog Input Pins• 32K Program Memory• 2K RAM• 1k EEPROM• Contains a special programcalled a “Bootloader”• Allows programming fromUSB port• Requires 0.5K of ProgramMemory
- 8.• USB Interface•USB client device• Allows computer toprogram theMicroprocessor• Can be used tocommunicate withcomputer• Can draw power fromcomputer to run Arduino
- 9.• Power Supply•Connect 7V – 12V• Provides required 5V toMicroprocessor• Will automatically pick USB orPower Supply to send power tothe Microprocessor
- 10.• Indicator LEDs•L – connected to digitalpin 13• TX – transmit data tocomputer• RX – receive data fromcomputer• ON – when power isapplied
- 11.• Quartz Crystalwhich provides16Mhz clock to Microprocessor
- 12.• Reset Button•Allows you to reset themicroprocessor soprogram will start fromthe beginning
- 13.• Input/Output connectors•Allows you to connectexternal devices tomicroprocessor• Can accept wires toindividual pins• Circuit boards “Shields”can be plugged in toconnect external devices
- 14. Many companieshave createdShields that can be used withArduino boards Examples Motor/Servo interface SD memory card interface Ethernet network interface GPS LED shields Prototyping shields
- 15. Alarm Clockhttp://hackaday.com/2011/07/04/alarm-clock-forces-you-to-play-tetris-to-prove-you-are-awake/
- 16.
- 17. Automatic PetWaterDispenser http://hackaday.com/2011/05/24/automated-faucet-keeps-your-cat-watered/
- 19. Get thehardware Buy an Arduino UNO Buy (or repurpose) a USB cable Get the software http://arduino.cc/en/GuideHomePage Follow the instructions on this page to installthe software Connect the Arduino to your computer You are ready to go!
- 20. Blink theonboard LEDCongratulations!!!
- 21./*Blink. . .*///set the LED on// wait for a second These are comments The computer ignores them Humans can read them to learn about theprogram
- 22.void setup() {pinMode(13,OUTPUT);} Brackets { and } contain a block of code Each line of code in this block runs sequentially void setup() tells the program to only runthem once When the board turns on When the reset button is pressed
- 23.void setup() {pinMode(13,OUTPUT);} Tells the Arduino to setup pin 13 as an Outputpin Each pin you use needs be setup withpinMode A pin can be set to OUTPUT or INPUT
- 24.void loop() {digitalWrite(13,HIGH);delay(1000);digitalWrite(13, LOW);delay(1000);} void loop () runs the code block over and overuntil you turn off the Arduino This code block only runs after setup isfinished
- 25.void loop() {digitalWrite(13,HIGH);delay(1000);digitalWrite(13, LOW);delay(1000);} HIGH tells the Arduino to turn on the output LOW tells theArduino to turn off the output 13 is the pin number
- 26.void loop() {digitalWrite(13,HIGH);delay(1000);digitalWrite(13, LOW);delay(1000);} Code runs very fast Delay tells theArduino to wait a bit 1000 stands for 1,000 milliseconds or onesecond
- 27.void loop() {digitalWrite(13,HIGH);delay(500);digitalWrite(13, LOW);delay(500);} Change the 1000’s to 500 Upload the code to the Arduino What happens now?
- 28. These pinsare used to communicate with theoutside world When an output pin is HIGH, it can provide 5Vat 40mA maximum Trying to get more than 40mA out of the pin willdestroy the Microprocessor! When the output pin is LOW, it provides nocurrent You can use a transistor and/or a relay toprovide a higher voltage or more current
- 29. Most LEDswill work with 5V at 20mA or30mA Make sure to check them before connectingto your Arduino! – Use your volt meter An LED requires a resistor to limit the current Without the resistor, the LED will draw too muchcurrent and burn itself out
- 30. LEDs arepolarized devices One side needs to be connected to + and oneside needs to be connected to – If you connect it backwards, it will not light Usually: Minus is short lead and flat side Plus is long lead and rounded side A resistor is non-polarized It can be connected either way
- 31. Connect thetwo LEDs on the breadboard Modify the code to blink the second LED, too Blink them all
- 32. The pinscan be used to accept an input also Digital pins can read a voltage (1) or novoltage (0) Analog pins can read voltage between 0V and5V.You will read a value of 0 and 1023. Both of these return a value you can put intoa variable and/or make decisions based onthe value
- 33. Exampleint x;x= digitalRead(2);if ( x == HIGH ) {digitalWrite(13, HIGH);} else {digitalWrite(13, LOW);}
- 34. A pushbutton can be connected to adigital pin There is an open circuit normally There is a closed circuit when pressed If connected between 5V and a pin, weget 5V when pressed, but an opencircuit when not pressed This is a problem – we need 0V whennot pressed
- 35. There isa solution A resistor to 5V will make the pin HIGH whenthe button is not pressed Pressing it will make the pin LOW The resistor makes sure we don’t connect 5Vdirectly to Ground
- 36. This isa common method for using pushbuttons The resistor is called a “Pull Up Resistor” TheArduino has built in pull up resistors onthe digital pins We need to enable them when we need them
- 37. This codeenables the pull up resistor:pinMode(2, INPUT);digitalWrite(2, HIGH);Or, the one line version:pinMode(2, INPUT_PULLUP);
- 38. Connect apush button Load the basic button code Turn LEDs on/off based on button press Load the toggle code. Pay attention toreactions to your button presses, and count inthe Serial terminal. Try again with the debounce code. Did thathelp?
- 39. There aremany other devices you canconnect to an Arduino Servos to move things GPS to determine location/time RealTime Clock to know what time it is Accelerometers, Chemical detectors… LCD displays Memory cards More!
- 40. So farwe’ve dealt with the on/off digitalworld. Many interesting things we want to measure(temperature, light, pressure, etc) have arange of values.
- 41. Very simpleanalog input – used to controlvolume, speed, and so on. It allows us to vary two resistance values.
- 42. You cancommunicate between the Arduinoand the computer via the USB cable. This can help you out big time when you aredebugging. It can also help you control programs on thecomputer or post information to a web site.Serial.begin(9600);Serial.println(“Hello World.”);
- 43. Connect potentiometerUpload and run code Turn the knob Watch the value change in the Serial Monitor
- 44. There aremany, many sensors based onvarying resistance: force sensors, lightdependent resistors, flex sensors, and more To use these you need to create a ‘voltagedivider’.
- 46. R2 willbe our photocell R1 will be a resistor of our choice Rule of thumb is: R1 should be in the middleof the range.
- 47. Wire upthe photocell Same code as Lab 3 Take note of the max and min values Try to pick a value for a dark/light threshold.
- 48. Flashing alight is neat, but what about fadingone in and out? Or changing the color of an RGB LED? Or changing the speed of a motor?
- 50. Wire upthe Breadboard Load the code.Take note of the for loop. Watch the light fade in and out Experiment with the code to get differenteffects
- 51. So farwe’ve communicated with the world byblinking or writing to Serial Let’s make things move!
- 52. Used inradio controlled planes and cars Good for moving through angles you specify#include <Servo.h>Servo myservo;void setup() {myservo.attach(9);}void loop() {}
- 53. Wire upthe breadboard Upload the code Check it out, you can control the servo! The map function makes life easy and is very,very handy:map(value, fromLow, fromHigh, toLow,toHigh);
- 54. Upload thecode for random movement. Watch the values in the Serial monitor. Runthe program multiple times. Is it reallyrandom? Try it with ‘randomSeed’, see what happens.
- 55. For movingand spinning things Are cheap and can often be taken from oldand neglected toys (or toys from Goodwill) Here we learn three things: Transistors Using PWM to control speed Why you don’t directly attach a motor
- 56. Wire itup Speed it up, slow it down (rawhide!)
- 57. With apiezo or small speaker, your Arduinocan make some noise, or music (or ‘music’). As with game controllers, vibrating motorscan stimulate the sense of touch. Arduino projects exist that involve smell(breathalyzer, scent generators). For taste…KegBot? ZipWhip’s cappuccinorobot?
- 58. Combine previousprojects (photocell and thepiezo playing music) to create an instrumentthat generates a pitch based on how muchlight is hitting the photocell Feel free to get really creative with this.
- 59. We havelearned The Arduino platform components how to connect an Arduino board to the computer How to connect LEDs, buttons, a light sensor, apiezo buzzer, and motors How to send information back to the computer
- 60. http://www.arduino.cc GettingStartedWith Arduino (Make:Projects) book BeginningArduino book Arduino: A Quick Start Guide book The adafruit learning system:https://learn.adafruit.com/
- 61. Adafruit http://www.adafruit.com/Spark Fun http://www.sparkfun.com/ Maker Shed http://www.makershed.com/ Digikey http://www.digikey.com/ Mouser http://www.mouser.com/ Radio Shack http://www.radioshack.com/ Find parts: http://www.octopart.com/ Sometimes Amazon has parts too Ebay can have deals but usually the parts areshipped from overseas and take a long time
- 62. http://arduino.cc/forum/ Yourlocal Hackerspace!
- 63. Electronic devicesdepend on the movement ofelectrons The amount of electrons moving from onemolecule to another is called Current which ismeasured in Amps Batteries provide a lot of electrons that areready to move The difference in potential (the number of freeelectrons) between two points is calledElectromotive Force which is measured in Volts
- 64. Materials thatallow easy movement ofelectrons are called Conductors Copper, silver, gold, aluminum are examples Materials that do not allow easy movementof electrons are called Insulators Glass, paper, rubber are examples Some materials are poor conductors andpoor insulators. Carbon is an example
- 65. Materials thataren’t good conductors orgood inductors provide Resistance to themovement of electrons Resistance is measured in Ohms
- 66. Electrons flowfrom the negativeterminal of the battery through thecircuit to the positive terminal. But – when they discovered this,they thought current came fromthe positive terminal to thenegative This is called conventional currentflowIOops!
- 67. There needsto be a complete circuit forcurrent to flowNo Flow! Current will Flow!
- 68. Volts, Ampsand Ohms are related This is called Ohms LawI = Current in AmpsE = EMF inVoltsR = Resistance in OhmsI=ER
- 69. Example BAT= 9 volts R1 = 100 ohms How many amps? I = 0.09 Amps or 90mAI= 9V100W
- 70. When dealingwith really big numbers orreally small numbers, there are prefixes youcan use k = kilo = 1,000 (e.g. 10 kHz = 10,000 Hz) M = mega = 1,000,000 (e.g 1 MHz = 1,000 kHz) m = milli = 1/1,000 (e.g 33mA = 0.033A) u = micro = 1/1,000,000 (e.g 2uV = 0.000002V) n = nano = 1/1,000,000,000 p = pico = 1/1,000,000,000,000