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Arduino Programming ForESDBy Md.Dedarul Hasan

Arduino Programming Basic❖ Introduction❖ Programming Concept❖ Digital And Analog Input Receive❖ Use Of Condition❖ Use Of Loop❖ Use Of Array❖ LCD Display Simulation With Arduino❖ Servo Motor Simulation With Arduino❖ Extra Work❖ Conclusions

IntroductionMicrocontrollerA microcontroller can be considered a self-contained system with a processor, memoryand peripherals and can be used as an embedded system.The majority of microcontrollersin use today are embedded in other machinery, such as automobiles, telephones,appliances, and peripherals for computer systems.Microcontrollers are designed forembedded applications, in contrast to the microprocessors used in personal computers orother general purpose applications consisting of various discrete chips.Microcontroller Configuration of Arduino: ATmega328P (used on most recent boards)-Digital I/OPins 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output), Analog Input Pins 6 (DIP) or 8 (SMD), DC Current per I/O Pin40 mA, Flash Memory-32 KB, SRAM -2 KB, EEPROM-1KB

A microcontroller is a single integrated circuit, commonly with the following features:❖ central processing unit – ranging from small and simple 4-bit processors to complex 32-bit or 64-bit processors❖ volatile memory (RAM) for data storage❖ ROM, EPROM, EEPROM or Flash memory for program and operating parameter storage❖ discrete input and output bits, allowing control or detection of the logic state of anindividual package pin❖ serial input/output such as serial ports (UARTs)❖ other serial communications interfaces like I²C, Serial Peripheral Interface and ControllerArea Network for system interconnect❖ peripherals such as timers, event counters, PWM generators, and watchdog❖ clock generator – often an oscillator for a quartz timing crystal, resonator or RC circuit❖ many include analog-to-digital converters, some include digital-to-analog converters❖ in-circuit programming and in-circuit debugging support

MicroprocessorMicroprocessor has only a CPU inside them in one or few Integrated Circuits. Likemicrocontrollers it does not have RAM, ROM and other peripherals. They are dependent onexternal circuits of peripherals to work. But microprocessors are not made for specific task but theyare required where tasks are complex and tricky like development of software’s, games and otherapplications that require high memory and where input and output are not defined. It may be calledheart of a computer system.Parts of CPU-❖ ALU❖ REGISTER❖ COUNTER❖ FLAG❖ BUS❖ PROGRAM COUNTER

What is Arduino?Arduino refers to an open-source electronics platform or board and the software used to program forembedded system. Arduino is designed to make electronics more accessible to artists, designers,hobbyists and anyone interested in creating interactive objects or environments.Component Of Arduino :❖ Microcontroller-ATmega328P❖ Power (USB / Barrel Jack)❖ Pins (5V, 3.3V, GND, Analog, Digital, PWM, AREF)❖ Reset Button.❖ Power LED Indicator.❖ TX RX LEDs.❖ Voltage Regulator.

Different type of Arduino :❖ Arduino Uno❖ Arduino Due❖ Arduino Mega❖ Arduino Leonardo❖ LilyPad❖ Nano❖ Mini❖ Mini Pro❖ BTAdvantages & Disadvantages of Arduino :❖ Not much knowledge required to get started.❖ Fairly low cost, depending on shields you need.❖ Lots of sketches and shields available.❖ No external programmer or power supply needed.

Description of Arduino PORT or PINS :

Description of Arduino PORT or PINS :❖ Analog Reference pin (orange)❖ Digital Ground (light green)❖ Digital Pins 2-13 (green)❖ Digital Pins 0-1/Serial In/Out - TX/RX (dark green) - These pins cannot be used for digital i/o(digitalRead and digitalWrite) if you are also using serial communication (e.g. Serial.begin).❖ Reset Button - S1 (dark blue)❖ In-circuit Serial Programmer (blue-green)❖ Analog In Pins 0-5 (light blue)❖ Power and Ground Pins (power: orange, grounds: light orange)❖ External Power Supply In (9-12VDC) - X1 (pink)❖ Toggles External Power and USB Power (place jumper on two pins closest to desired supply) -SV1 (purple)❖ USB (used for uploading sketches to the board and for serial communication between the boardand the computer; can be used to power the board) (yellow)

Basic Programming ConceptArduino uses its own programming language, which is similar to C++. However, it'spossible to use Arduino with Python or another high-level programming language like C,Java. In fact, platforms like Arduino work well with Python, especially for applicationsthat require integration with sensors and other physical devices

Void setup() Function :Void setup is technically a function that you create at the top of each program. Inside the curly brackets is thecode that you want to run one time as soon as the program starts running. You set things like pinMode in thissection. The loop is another function that Arduino uses as a part of its structure.Declaration :Void setup() {//write code here}Void Loop() Function :This is where the bulk of your Arduino sketch is executed. The program starts directly after the opening curlybracket ( } ), runs until it sees the closing curly bracket ( } ), and jumps back up to the first line in loop() andstarts all over.Declaration :Void loop(){//write code here}

pinMode() Function :The pinMode() function is used to configure a specific pin to behave either as an input or an output. It ispossible to enable the internal pull-up resistors with the mode INPUT_PULLUP. Additionally, the INPUT modeexplicitly disables the internal pull-ups.Declarations :pinMode(pin-number, OUTPUT); // pin as outputpinMode(pin-number, INPUT); //pin as inputdigitalWrite() Function :Write a HIGH or a LOW value to a digital pin. If the pin has been configured as an OUTPUT with pinMode() ,its voltage will be set to the corresponding value: 5V (or 3.3V on 3.3V boards) for HIGH , 0V (ground) forLOW.Declaration :digitalWrite(pin number, HIGH); //set the pin as highdigitalWrite(pin number, LOW); //set the pin as low

digitalRead () Function :This function use to read the value from a specified digital pin, either HIGH or LOW. Syntax: digitalRead(pin)Where, pin: the number of the digital pin you want to read (int).Declaration :digitalRead (pin-number) ; //pin value should be HIGH/LOW as outputanalogWrite () Function :The analogWrite Arduino command is used to update the status of analog pins and also used to address thePWM pins on the board. The PWM pins are 8-bit pins, terming that you can set the duty cycle somewherebetween 0 -255.Writes an analog value (PWM wave) to a pin. Can be used to light a LED at varyingbrightnesses or drive a motor at various speeds.Declaration :analogWrite(pin number, 0); // set low analog valueanalogWrite(pin number, 255); //set high analog value

analogRead() Function :Reads the value from the specified analog pin. The Arduino board contains a 6 channel (8 channels on theMini and Nano, 16 on the Mega), 10-bit analog to digital converter. This means that it will map input voltagesbetween 0 and 5 volts into integer values between 0 and 1023.Declaration :analogRead(pin Number); //it returns high or lowdelay() Function :The way the delay() function works is pretty simple. It accepts a single integer (or number) argument. Thisnumber represents the time (measured in milliseconds). The program should wait until moving on to the nextline of code when it encounters this function.Declaration :delay(1000); //delay for 1000ms

Tools & Installations :To write code we will use arduino development tools by installing it ;-https://www.arduino.cc/en/main/softwareWe can also use Tinkarcad.com online autodesk software to code & simulations for arduino both.-https://www.tinkercad.com/dashboard?type=circuits&collection=designs

LED blink Program With Arduino :

Digital And Analog Input ReceiveDigital Input Receive :

Use Of Conditioncondition : each time through the loop, condition is tested; if it's true , the statement block,and the increment is executed, then the condition is tested again. When the conditionbecomes false , the loop ends. increment : executed each time through the loop whencondition is true .If ...else condition, boolean condition etc

Multiple LED Blink Without Loop :

Use Of LoopMultiple LED Blink Using For Loop :

Multiple LED Blink Using For Loop :

Use Of ArrayArray :An array is a consecutive group of memory locations that are of the same type. To refer toa particular location or element in the array, we specify the name of the array and theposition number of the particular element in the array.All of the methods below are valid ways to create (declare) an array. int myInts[6]; intmyPins[] = {2, 4, 8, 3, 6}; int mySensVals[6] = {2, 4, -8, 3, 2}; char message[6] = "hello";You can declare an array without initializing it as in myInts. In myPins we declare an arraywithout explicitly choosing a size.

LCD Display Simulation With Arduino

Servo Motor Simulation With ArduinoA servomotor is a rotary actuator or linear actuator that allows for precise control ofangular or linear position, velocity and acceleration. It consists of a suitable motor coupledto a sensor for position feedback.

Servo Motor 90 Degree Rotation :

Extra Work : LED Blink Using Push Button

Conclusions :As a beginner with arduino i am pleased to learn using Tinkarcad.com.Wishing that ,thefeedback by practice i’ll be able to be an expert with that embedded system design.Next, Ishall go for expert and advanced level using arduino.

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