Tharpanam - Iyers

[Oblations to the Manes]
Compiled by P. R. Ramachander

Introduction

Tharpanam means "That offering which satisfies". But what wemean by the word Tharpanam is the offering of water mixed withsesame to the manes (dead ancestors). Though we have severalancestors, this offering is addressed to three generations offather, grandfather and great grandfather along with their wivesin our family and maternal grandfather, his father andgrandfather along with their wives in our mother’s birth family.Only those whose father is dead are eligible to do Tharpanam. Ifmaternal grandfather is alive Tharpanam should not be done forhis family but restricted to our family.

All the manes are supposed by our religion to live in the Pithruloka for some time and either be reborn as any being or go tolokas like deva loka, Vaikunta etc or even attain salvation bygetting mixed with god. The pithru loka is populated by threegroup of pithru devas viz, Vasu, Rudra and Adhithya. These devasreceive our oblations and make it reach to our manes whereverthey are and in whichever form they are. The pithru loka issupposed to be on the unseen side of the moon. This portion getsexposed to sun on the new moon days. It is according to ourconcept lunch time for the people populating the pithru loka.These pithrus, since they have left the world are solelydependent on only their progeny to feed them. This feeding isdone through Tharpanam. It is believed that if Tharpanam is notdone out Pithru devas will curse us so that we may not have maledescendents to offer tharpanam to us.

There are several type of tharpanams:
1. Gunda tharpanam - the tharpanam which is done in the firstten days of death.
2. Brahma yagna tharpanam - This is the oblation supposed to bedone daily to the devas, rishis and pithrus.
3. Parheni tharpanam - this is the tharpanam which is supposedto be done on the next day after annual sraddha. This at presentis being done after sraddha on the same day, because the priestdoes not have time to come the next day. Here the tharpanam isoffered only to ones pithru varga (paternal side)
4. The regular tharpanam which is supposed to be done on allamavasyas. Four Month beginnings viz mesha, karkidaga, thula andmakara and eclipses. Our books have asked us to performtharpanam on 96 days in a year but this is not being donenowadays. Several acharyas have codified the method oftharpanam. Some of them are Apasthabha, Bodhayana andDrahyayana. What is given below is the manthras and method ofthe Apasthabha sutra of Yajur Veda. There are slight differencesin the sankalpam among Iyers and Iyengars. Both versions aregiven here. It is understood that the tharpanam for rik vedis isalmost similar but that for Sanma Vedis is different. There arealso differences brought about by local practice and familytradition. People are advised to follow their traditionsstrictly. They have precedence over what is written down here.For example in many families tharpanam is done without wearingVibhuti or Namam but there are certain families who do tharpanamwearing these. Some people do avahanams of Pithrus on twokoorchas. Some on one koorcha and some on spread durbhas.

There are several rules regarding tharpanam though many of themare not being followed by most of the people. They are:
1. On the day of Tharpanam, till tharpanam is completed we arenot supposed to drink/eat anything.
2. On the day of tharpanam, the daily rituals like Sandhyavandhana have to be first performed. Then before tharpanam onemore bath has to be taken.
3. Wet cloth should not be worn during tharpanam nor is it rightto wear cloth which was washed a day before and dried. The clothhas to be made wet the same day and dried. Pure white silk clothcan also be worn, but wearing this silk cloth you should nothave eaten any food. If wet cloth is not dry, it should be seventimes shaken dry in wind before wearing it.
4. Except the tharpanam during eclipse all other tharpanams areto be done after 12 noon. Considering the difficulty, our lawgivers have agreed that it can be done after 8. 30 AM.
5. As mentioned earlier nothing should be eaten or drunk beforeperformance of Tharpanam.
6. Oblations should be done with hand full of water and notdrops or spoon full of water.
7. The water should be poured out using the space between thethumb and the four fingers.
8. Every time a pinch of black til has to be taken. Care shouldbe taken not to take it using the thumb and the index finger.
9. Pithru tharpanam should always be done with poonal hangingfrom the right shoulder to the left side of the body.
10. The pavithram for pithru tharpanam should be made out ofthree durbha and the koorcham should be made of 7 or 9 durbhas.
11. We should preferably sit on seat made of durbha(durbhasanam) while doing tharpanam and in its absence put fewdurbhas on the place we are going to sit,
12. Silver vessels are prescribed for used during tharpanam. Ifnot available copper vessels can be used. Under no circumstanceshould steel or other metal vessels are to be used.
13. Tharpanam should be done facing east or south. It isbelieved that it either should be done in our homes or in publicholy places like shore of the river, sea active you happen to doit in the place belonging to someone else. We are supposed tocompensate the owner of the property.
14. If Amavasya and the first of the month in which tharpanamhas to be performed comes on the same day, then tharpanam forthe sankramanam(first of the month) should be done.


I. Tharpanam

1. Perform Achamanam
Take minute quantities of water (just sufficient to soak onegrain of black gram) three times in the right hand and take itwith the following manthra.
Om Achyuthaya nama
Om Ananthaya nama
Om Govindaya nama
Then
Touch with thumb both cheeks saying kesava - Narayana
Touch with ring finger both eyes saying Madhava - Govinda
Touch with the first finger both sides of nose saying Vishno -Madhusoodana
Touch with little finger both ears saying Trivikrama - Vamana
Touch with the middle finger both shoulders saying Sreedhara -Hrishi kesa
Touch with all fingers the belly button saying Padmanabha
Touch with all fingers the head saying Damodara

A. For Smarthas:
2. Ganapathi Dhyanam:
Recite the following manthra slowly hitting the forehead withboth fists together:
Shuklambaradharam Vishunum Sasi Varnam ChathurBhujam,
Prasanna Vadanam Dyayeth Sarva Vigna Upa Santhaye.

3. Do Pranayamam.
Hold both Nostrils with Thumb and the little and third finger ofthe hands and recite the following Manthra:
Om Bhoo
Om Bhuva
Ogum Suva
Om Maha
Om Jana
Om Thapa
Ogum Sathyam
Om Tatsa vithur varenyam Bargo devasya dhi mahi dhiyo yonaprachodayath
Om Apa
Jyothj rasa
Amrutham brahma
Bhoorbuvasuvarom
Touch the ears three times saying
Om, Om, Om

4. Do Sankalpam
Mamo Partha Samastha Duritha kshaya dwara Sri ParameshwaraPreethyartham.
Apavithra pavithro va Sarvavastham gathopi va,
Ya smareth pundarikaksham sa bahyanthara suchi
Manasam vachikam paapam karmana samuparjitham
Sri Rama smarane naiva vyapohathi na samsaya
Sri Rama-Rama Rama
Thidir Vishnu thada vaara nakshatram Vishnureva cha,
Yogascha karanam Chaiva sarvam Vishnu mayam jagat
Sri Govinda Govinda Govinda

B. For Sri Vaaishnavas of Vada Kalai:
Do Pranayamam.
Hold both Nostrils with Thumb and the little and third finger ofthe hands and recite the following Manthra:
Om Bhoo
Om Bhuva
Ogum Suva
Om Maha
Om Jana
Om Thapa
Ogum Sathyam
Om Tatsa vithur varenyam Bargo devasya dhi mahi dhiyo yonaprachodayath
Om Apa
Jyothj rasa
Amrutham brahma
Bhoorbuvasuvarom
Touch the ears three times saying
Om, Om, Om
And then chant the following manthras:
1. Srimad venkata nadarya kavi kargika kesari
Vedanthacharya varyo me sanni datham sada hruthi
2. Gurubhya tad gurubyascha namo vaga made mahe,
Vruni mahe cha tatrath you dampathi jagatham pathi
3. Swasesha bhoodeth mayaa sweeyai sarva parichadai,
Vidahthum preethamath manam deva prakramade swayam
4. Shuklam baradaram vishnum sasi varnam chadur bhjam
Prasanna vadanam dyayeth sarva vigno upa santhaye
5. Yasyad viratha vakthradhya parishadya para satham,
Vignam nignanthi vishvaksenam tham asraye.

C. For Sri Vaishnavas of Then Kalai:
Do Pranayamam.
Hold both Nostrils with Thumb and the little and third finger ofthe hands and recite the following Manthra:
Om Bhoo
Om Bhuva
Ogum Suva
Om Maha
Om Jana
Om Thapa
Ogum Sathyam
Om Tatsa vithur varenyam Bargo devasya dhi mahi dhiyo yonaprachodayath
Om Apa
Jyothj rasa
Amrutham brahma
Bhoorbuvasuvarom
Touch the ears three times saying
Om, Om, Om
Then Chant the following manthras:
1. Shuklam baradaram vishnum sasi varnam chadur bhjam
Prasanna vadanam dyayeth sarva vigno upa santhaye
2. Yasyad viratha vakthradhya parishadya para satham,
Vignam nignanthi vishvaksenam tham asraye

WHAT FOLLOWS IS COMMON TO SMARTHAS AND VAISHNAVAS OF THENKALAIAND VADAKALAI.

Adya Sri Bhagavatha maha purushasya Vishnor Agnayapravarthamanasya Adhya Brahmana Dweethiya parardhe Swetha Varahakalpe Vaivaswatha manvanthare ashta vimsathi thame kali yugeprathame padhe,jambu dweepe, Bharatha varshe, Bharatha Khande,Mero Dakshine Parswe, Sakabdhe asmin varthamane vyvaharikePrabhavadeenam sashtya samvatsaranam madhye (name of the year)*Nama samvatsare, (dakshina / uttara ayane, (name of the season)rithou, (name of the month in Sanskrit) mase, (Krishna/shukla)pakshe, Adhya (Name of the thidhi-moon phase) Punya thithou(name of the day in Sanskrit) vasra yukthayam (name of the starin Sanskrit) nakshatra yukthayam Shubha yoga - Shubha karana,Evam guna viseshana visishtayam asyam (Name of the thidhi) Punyathithou,
(Change the position of poonal from left shoulder to rightshoulder (LEFT MODE)
(Your Gothram) Gothranam (Names of father, grandfather, greatgrandfather)** Sarmanam, Vasu-Rudra-adithya swaroopanam asmadPithru - Pithamaha-Pithru Pithamahanam, (your Gothram) Gothraa(Names of mother. Grandmother, great grandmother)*** Namnee,Vasu-Rudra-Adithya swaroopa Asmad Mathru**** -pithamahi-Prapithamahischa, (Your maternal grandfather'sgothram) gothraanam (names of maternal grandfather, his fatherand his grandfather) Sarmanam vasu - rudra - adithya swaroopanamasmad mathamaha, mathru pithamaha, mathru prapithamahanam, (Yourmaternal grandfather's gothram) gothraa (Names of maternalgrandmother, maternal great grandmother, Grandmother of maternalgrandfather) Namnee, vasu-rudra - adithya swaroopa asmadmathamahi***** - mathru pithamahi, mathru prapithamahinam Ubhayavamsa pithrunaam akshayya thripthyartham amavasya****** punyakale Thila tharpanam karishye.
(throw away the Durbha (only) held round the fingers along withPavithram. Change position of poonal to the left shoulder (usualmode), touch water with finger, change position of poonal toright shoulder (left mode)

* Refer to Panchangam (almanac) for the names or get theparticulars. For Sanskrit names refer at the end of compilation.
** It is recommended that you substitute these names in variousplaces and take a print out for your use. Contact family eldersif you do not know this information.
*** Names of grandmother, great grandmother, Fathers greatgrandmother if mother is alive
**** In case mother is alive, this would bepithamahi-prapithamahi-pithruprapithamahischa
***** In case mother's mother is alive, this would bemathamahasya mathu-pithamahi-prapithamahischa
****** Mesharavi punya kale for tharpanam done on Meshasankramam (chittirai-makaram first) Karkadaga ravi punya kale(for tharpanam done during adi-Karkidaga Sankramam (Adi first),Thula ravi punya kale for tharpanam done during thula masamfirst (Iyppasi first), makara ravi punya kale for tharpanam doneon makara sankramam (Thai first), Suryoparaga punya kale fortharpanam done during solar eclipse, Somoparaga punyakale fortharpanam done during Lunar eclipse and In case of Parahenitharpanam done after Sraddham, "Purvedya maya krutha mathrupithru prathyabdhika sradhangam thila tharpanam karishye."Please note in case of paraheni tharpanam, the offering(tharpanam) is made to only paternal side pithrus.

Arrangement of Koorcham [in some families they only use onekoorcham]
East - Pithru Varga Koorcham
North South - Mathamaha varga koorcham
Durbha Durbha - West

5. Avahanam for Pithru Varga (Fathers side)*
Wear the poonal in the left mode, take little ellu (blackgingelly) and along with water keep on the Koorcha meant forPithru varga while chanting the following manthras:
a. Aayatha pithara somya gambhirai padhibhi poorvaiprajamasmabhyam dadhatho rayim cha deergayuthwam cha sathasaaradam cha.
b. Om bhorbuvaswarom
c. Asmin koorche (Your Gothra) gothran (Father's, grandfather'sand great grandfather's name) sarmana vasu Rudra adithyaswaroopan asmad pithru-pithamaha-pithrupithamahaan (Your Gothra)gothraa (Names of mother, grandmother, great grandmother) namneevasu Rudra adithya swaroopa asmad mathru**,pithamahi-pithrupithamahischa dyayami avahayami.

* People using only one koorcha, please do avahanam chanting"Asmin koorche vargodhaya pithroon dhyayami avahayami".
** In case mother is alive, this would bepithamahi-prapithamahi-pithruprapithamahischa
6. Asanam for Pithru Vargam
Chanting the manthra below place gingelly on the koorcha
a. Sakrudacchinnam barhirurnna mrudhu,
Syonam pithrubhyasthwa baramyaham
Asmin taseedanthu me pithara somyaa,
Pithamahaa prapithamahaaschaanugai saha.
b. Pithru-pithamaha,pithru pithamahanam mathru* - pithamahi -prapithamahinaam cha idam asanam, thiladhi sakalaradhanaiswarchidham

*In case mother is alive, this would bepithamahi-prapithamahi-pithruprapithamahischa

7. Avahanam for Mathamaha Varga (maternal grandfathers side)
Wearing the poonal in the left mode, take little ellu (blackgingelly) and along with water keep on the Koorcha meant formathru varga while chanting the following manthras:
a. Aayatha mathu pithara somya gambhirai padhibhi poorvaiprajamasmabhyam dadhatho rayim cha deergayathwam cha sathasaaradam cha.
b. Om bhorbuvaswarom
c. Asmin koorche (Maternal grandfather's gothra) gothran (Namesof maternal grandfather, maternal great grandfather andgrandfather of maternal grandfather) sarmana vasu Rudra adithyaswaroopan asmad mathamaha-mathru pithamaha-mathru prapithamaha(maternal grandfather's gothra) gothraa (Names of maternalgrandmother, maternal great grandmother, grandmother of maternalgrandfather) namnee vasu Rudra adithya swaroopa asmad mathamahi*- mathru pithamahi-mathru prapithamahischa dyayami avahayami.

* In case mother's mother is alive, this would be mathamahasyamathu-pithamahi-prapithamahischa

8. Asanam for Mathru Vargam
Chanting the manthra below place gingelly on the mathru vargakoorcha
a. Sakrudacchinnam barhirurnna mrudhu,
Syonam pithrubhyasthwa baramyaham
Asmin taseedanthu me pithara somyaa,
Pithamahaa prapithamahaaschaanugai saha.
b. Mathamaha-mathru pithamaha-mathru prapitha mahaanaam,Mathamahi-mathru pithamahi-mathru prapithamahischa idam asanam,thiladhi sakalaradhanai swarchidham

9. Pithru Varga Tharpanam
Offer tharpanam with hand full of water mixed with black ellu onthe koorcham for Pithru vargam after each manthra
a. Pithru tharpanam (Oblation to father)
i. Udheerathamvara uthparasa,
Unmadhyama pithara somyasa
Asum ya eeyuravyaka ruthagna
Sthene avanthu pitharo harveshu,
(Your gothram) Gothran (Father's name),
Sarmana vasu roopan mama pithrun swadha namastharpayami.
ii. Angeeraso na pitharo navagwa,
Adharvano byagava somyaasa,
Thesham vayugum sumathou yagniyanaa mapi
Badre soumanase syama
(Your gothram) Gothraan (Father's name),
Sarmana vasu roopan mama pithrun swadha namas tharpayami.
iii. Aa yaanthu na pithara somyaso agni
shwatha* prathibhir deva yanai
asmin yagne swadhaya maadhayanthwadhi bruvantha** theyavanthasman,
(Your Gothram) gothraan (Fathers name),
sarmana vasu roopan mama pithrun swadha namas tharpayami.

* Some books say "pitharo manoja vaso agnishwatha"
** Some books say "madantho adhi bruvanthu"

b. Pithamaha tharpanam (oblation to grandfather)
i. Oorjam vahanthiramrutham grutham paya keelalam
Parisrutham swadha sdha tharpatatha me pithroon,
(your gothram) Gothraan (Grandfathers name),
Sarmana Rudra roopan mama pithaamahaan swadha namas tharpayami.
ii. Pithrubhya swaadhavibhya swadha nama
pithamahebhya swadhavibhya swadha nama
Prapithamahebhya swadhavibhya swadha nama
(Your gothram) Gothraan (Grandfather's name),
Sarmana Rudra roopan mama pitha mahaan swadha namas tharpayami.
iii. Ye cheha pitharo ye cha neha,
Yagscha vidmayagm u cha na pravidma,
Agne thaan veththa yadi the jathaveda
Sthaya praththagm swadhaya madanthu
(Your gothram) Gothraan (Grandfather's name)
Sarmana rudra roopan mama pithamahaan swadha namastharpayami

c. Prapithamaha tharpanam(oblations to great grandfather)
i. Madhu vaathaa ruthaayathe madhu ksharanthi sindhava
maadweer na santhwashadhi
(Your Gothram) Gothraan (Great grandfather's name),
Sarmana adithya roopaan mama prapithamahan swadha namastharpayami.
ii. Madhu nakthamuthoshasi madu math parthivagam
raja madhu dhourasthu na pitha
(Your gothram) Gothraan (great grandfather's name),
Sarmana adithya roopan mama prapithamahaan swadha namastharpayami
iii. Madhumanno vanaspathir madhu magma asthu soorya,
Maadweer gavo bavanthu na
(Your gothra) Gothraan (great grandfather's name),
Sarmana adhithya roopan mama prapithamahaan swadha namastharpayami.

d. Mathru tharpanam* (Oblations to mother)
i. (Your gothra) Gothraa (mother's name)
Namnee vasu roopa mama mathu swadha namastharpayami
ii. (Your Gothra) Gothraa (Mother's name)
Namnee vasu roopa mama mathu swadha namastharpayami
iii. (Your Gothra) (Gothraa (Mother's name)
Namnee vasu roopa mama mathu swadha namastharpayami

* If mother is alive instead of mathru tharpanam performpithamahi tharpanam. In the manthras replace mathu withpithamahi.
e. Pithamahi tharpanam* (Oblations to paternal grandmother)
i. (Your Gothra) Gothraa (Grandmother's name)
Namnee Rudra roopa mama pithamahi swadha namastharpayami
ii. (Your Gothra) Gothraa (Grandmother's name)
Namnee Rudra roopa mama pithamahi swadha namastharpayami
iii. (Your gothra) Gothraa (Grandmother's name)
Namnee Rudra roopa mama pithamahi swadha namastharpayami

* If mother is alive instead of pithamahi tharpanam performprapithamahi tharpanam. In the manthras replace pithamahi withprapithamahi

f. Prapithamahi tharpanam* (Oblations to paternal greatgrandmother)
i. (Your Gothra). Gothraa (Great grandmother's name)
Namnee adithya roopa mama prapithamahi swadha namastharpayami
ii. (Your Gothra) Gothraa (Great Grandmother's name)
Namnee adithya roopa mama prapithamahi swadha namastharpayami
iii. (Your Gothra) Gothraa (Great Grandmother's name)
Namnee adithya roopa mama prapithamahi swadha namastharpayami

* If mother is alive instead of prapithamahi tharpanam performpithru prapithamahi tharpanam. In the manthras replace prapithamahi with pithru prapithamahi.

10. Jnaatha Jnatha Pithru Varge Tharpanam (Oblation to unknownmanes of paternal sides)
a. Jnaatha jnatha pithroon swadha namas tharpayami
b. Jnaatha jnatha pithroon swadha namas tharpayami
c. Jnaatha jnatha pithroon swadha namas tharpayami
Oorjam vahantheeramrutham grutham paya keelalam parisruthamswadha stha tharpayatha me pithroon trupyatha thrupyathathrupyatha.

11. Mathamaha Varga Tharpanam (oblations to ancestors ofmaternal grandfather)
Offer tharpanam with hand full of water mixed with black ellu onthe koorcham for Pithru vargam after each manthra
a. Matha maha tharpanam(Oblation to maternal grandfather)
i. Udheerathamvara uthparasa,
Unmadhyama pithara somyasa
Asum ya eeyuravyaka ruthagna
Sthene avanthu pitharo harveshu
(Maternal grandfather's Gothra) gothran (Maternal grandfather'sname),
Sarmana vasu roopan mama matha mahaan swadha namastharpayami.
ii. Angeeraso na pitharo navagwa,
Adharvano byagava somyaasa,
Thesham vayugum sumathou yagniyanaa mapi
Badre soumanase syama
(Maternal grandfather's Gothra) gothran (Maternal grandfather'sname)
Sarmana vasu roopan mama matha mahaan swadha namas tharpayami.
iii. Aa yaanthu na pithara somyaso agni
shwatha prathibhir deva yanai
asmin yagne swadhaya madhayanthwadhi bruvantha the avanthasman,
(Maternal grandfather's Gothra) gothran (Maternal grandfather'sname),sarmana vasu roopan mama matha mahaan swadha namastharpayami.
b. Mathru pitha maha tharpanam (oblation to grandfather ofmother)
i. Oorjam vahanthiramrutham grutham paya keelalam
Parisrutham swadha sdha tharpayatha me pithroon,
(Maternal grandfather's Gothra) gothran (Maternal greatgrandfather's name)
Sarmana Rudra roopan mama mathu pithaamahaan swadha namastharpayami.
ii. Pithrubhya swaadhavibhya swadha nama
pithamahebhya swadhavibhya swadha nama
Prapithamahebhya swadhavibhya swadha nama
(Maternal grandfather's Gothra) gothran (Maternal greatgrandfather's name)
Sarmana Rudra roopan mama mathu pitha mahaan swadha namastharpayami.
iii. Ye cheha pitharo ye cha neha,
Yagscha vidmayagm u cha na pravidma,
Agne thaan veththa yadi the jathaveda
Sthaya praththagm swadhaya madanthu
(Maternal grandfather's Gothra) gothran (Maternal greatgrandfather's name)
Sarmana rudra roopan mama mathu pithamahaan swadhanamastharpayami

c. Mathu Prapithamaha tharpanam(oblations to great grandfatherof mother)
i. Madhu vaathaa ruthaayathe madhu ksharanthi sindhava
maadweer na santhwashadhi
(Maternal grandfather's Gothra) gothran (Maternal grandfather'sgrandfather'sname)
Sarmana adithya roopaan mama mathu prapithamahan swadha namastharpayami.
ii. Madhu nakthamuthoshasi madu math parthivagam
raja madhu dhourasthu na pitha
(Maternal grandfather's Gothra) gothran (Maternal grandfather'sgrandfather'sname)
Sarmana adithya roopan mama mathu prapithamahaan swadha namastharpayami
iii. Madhumanno vanaspathir madhu magma asthu soorya,
Maadweer gavo bavanthu na
(Maternal grandfather's Gothra) gothran (Maternal grandfather'sgrandfather'sname)
Sarmana adhithya roopan mama mathu prapithamahaan swadha namastharpayami.

d. Mathamahi tharpanam* (Oblations to maternal grandmother)
i. (Maternal grandfather's gothra) gothraa (Maternalgrandmother's name)
Namnee vasu roopa mama mathamahi swadha namastharpayami
ii. (Maternal grandfather's gothra) gothraa (Maternalgrandmother's name)
Namnee vasu roopa mama mathamahi swadha namastharpayami
iii. (Maternal grandfather's gothra) gothraa (Maternalgrandmother's name)
Namnee vasu roopa mama mathamahi swadha namastharpayami

* If maternal grandmother is alive instead of matha mahitharpanam perform matha mahasya mathu tharpanam. In the manthrasreplace mathamahi with mathamahasya mathu.

e. Mathru Pithamahi tharpanam* (Oblations to grandmother ofmother)
i. (Maternal grandfather's gothra) gothraa (Maternal greatgrandmother's name)
Namnee Rudra roopa mama mathu pithamahi swadha namastharpayami
ii. (Maternal grandfather's gothra) gothraa (Maternal greatgrandmother's name)
Namnee Rudra roopa mama mathu pithamahi swadha namastharpayami
iii. (Maternal grandfather's gothra) gothraa (Maternalgrandmother's name)
Namnee Rudra roopa mama mathu pithamahi swadha namastharpayami

* If maternal grandmother is alive instead of mathu pithamahitharpanam perform matha mahasya pithamahi tharpanam. In themanthras replace mathu pithamahi with matha mahasya pithamahi
f. Mathu Prapithamahi tharpanam* (Oblations to great grandmotherof mother)
i. (Maternal grandfather's gothra) gothraa (Maternalgrandfather's grandmother's name)
Namnee adithya roopa mama mathu prapithamahi swadhanamastharpayami
ii. (Maternal grandfather's gothra) gothraa (Maternalgrandfather's grandmother's name). .
Namnee adithya roopa mama mathu prapithamahi swadhanamastharpayami
iii. (Maternal grandfather's gothra) gothraa (Maternalgrandfather's grandmother's name). .
Namnee adithya roopa mama mathu prapithamahi swadhanamastharpayami

* If maternal grandmother is alive instead of mathu prapithamahitharpanam perform mathamahasya prapithamahi tharpanam. In themanthras replace prapitha mahi with matha mahasya prapithamahi.

12. Jnaatha Jnatha Matha Maha Varga Tharpanam (Oblation tounknown manes of maternal grandfather side)
a. Jnaatha jnatha mathu pithroon swadha namas tharpayami
b. Jnaatha jnatha mathu pithroon swadha namas tharpayami
c. Jnaatha jnatha mathu pithroon swadha namas tharpayami
Oorjam vahantheeramratham grutham paya keelalam parisruthamswadha stha tharpayatha me mathu pithroon trupyatha thrupyathathrupyatha.

13. Pradhakshinam
Change poonal to usual pattern from left shoulder
(Chant and rotate in the same place clock wise)
Devathabhya pithrubhyascha maha yogibhya eva cha
Nama swaadhai swaahayai nithyameva namo nama.
Some versions ask us to chant this Manthra for Pradakshinam:
Namo va pitharo rasaya,
Namo va pithara sushmaya,
Namo va pitharo jeevaya,
Namo va pitharo swadhayai.
Namo va pitharo manyave,
Namo va pitharo ghoraya,
Pitharo namo vo ya ethasmin lokestha,
Yushmagusthe nuye asmin loke,
Manthenu ya ethasmin lokesya,
Yuyyanthesham vasishta bhooyastha,
Asmin loke ahanthesham vasishto bhooyasam.

14. Namaskaram (Salutations)
Change poonal to the left side pattern from right shoulder
Recite with folded hands
Pithru-Pithamaha-Prapthamahebhyo nama
Mathru - pitha mahi - prapithamahebhyo nama*
Mathamaha -mathru pithamaha-mathru prapithamahebhyo nama.
Mathamahi-Mathu pithamahi=mathu prapathamaheebhyo nama.**
Some versions ask us to chant this Manthra for Namaskaram:
Uthishtatha pithara pretha soora yamasya pantha ma na vethapuranam,
Dathadhaasmasu dravinam yachcha badhra prano bruthad bhagha dhandevatha.
Change Poonal to usual mode from left shoulder
Recite with folded hands:
Devathhabhya pithrubhyascha maha yogibhya eva cha
Nama swaadhayai swahaayai nithya meva namo nama.
* If mother is alive recite Pithamahi-prapithamahi-pithruprapapitha maheebhyo nama
** If maternal grandmother is alive then Mathamahasyamathu-mathamahasya pithamahi-matha mahasya prapithamaheebhyonama.

15. Udwasanam*
Change Poonal to left mode i. e from right shoulder
a. Aayatha pithara somya gambhirai pradhibhi poorvaiprajamasmabhyam dadhatho rayim cha deergayathwam cha sathasaaradam cha.
b. Om bhorbuvaswarom
c. Asmad koorchat (Your gothram) gothran (Names of father,grandfather, great grandfather) sarmana vasu Rudra adithyaswaroopan asmad pithru-pithamaha-pithrupithamahaan (Yourgothram) gothraa (Names of mother, grandmother and greatgrandmother) namnee vasu Rudra adithya swaroopa asmad mathru**,pithamahi-pithrupithamahischa yada sthanam prathishtapayami.Shobhanarthe kshemaya punaragamanaya cha.
d. Aayatha mathu pithara somya gambhirai pradhibhi poorvaiprajamasmabhyam dadhatho rayim cha deergayathwam cha sathasaaradam cha.
e. Om bhorbuvaswarom
f, Asmin koorche(maternal grandfather's gothra) gothran (Namesof maternal grandfather, maternal great grandfather and hisfather) sarmana vasu Rudra adithya swaroopan asmadmathamaha-mathru pithamaha-mathru prapithamaha (Maternalgrandfather's gothra) gothraa (Names of maternal grandmother,maternal great grandmother, grandmother of maternal grandfather)namnee vasu Rudra adithya swaroopa asmad mathamahi*** -mathrupithamahi-mathru prapithamahischa yadasthanam prathishtapayami.Shobanarthe kshemaaya punaragamanaya cha

* People doing tharpanam on one koorcham chant "Asmad koorchatvargodhaya pithrun yadastanam prathishtapayami."
** In case mother is alive, this would bepithamahi-prapithamahi-pithruprapithamahischa
*** In case mother's mother is alive, this would be mathamahasyamathu-pithamahi-prapithamahischa

16. Sarva Tharpanam (General oblations)
Change poonal to left shoulder (usual), remove Pavithram, keepit in the ear, do Aachamanam, Wear the Pavithram, change poonalto right shoulder,Untie the Koorchs, Take them in hand and alongwith water and gingelly do a single Tharpanam chanting
Yesham na matha na pitha na bandhu na anya gothreena the sarvetrupthimayanthu mayoth srushtai kusodhakai*
Trupyatha, Trupyatha, Trupyatha
Remove pavithram, untie and throw it away, change poonal toright shoulder and touch the water.

* Some books say "Yesham na matha na pitha na mithra gnanthibandhawa" and some others say "yesham na pitha na bratha naputhro na anya gothrina"

17. Brahmarpanam
Offer a hand full of water chanting.
Om Tat sat Brahmarpanamasthu
Do Aachamanam.


II. Brahma Yagnam

It is recommended thast after the Tharpanam, one should performBrahma YagnamSome familes do not do it. Please follow thepractice of your family. After the tharpanam do Achamanam oncemore and then apply your holy marks on the forehead and thenstart Brahma yagnam. This is a chanting of Vedas and oblation todevas, rishis, Vedas and pithrus.

1. Ganapathi Dhyanam
Recite the following manthra slowly hitting the forehead withboth fists together. :
Shuklambaradharam Vishunum Sasi Varnam ChathurBhujam,
Prasanna Vadanam Dyayeth Sarva Vigna Upa Santhaye.

2. Do Pranayamam.
Hold both Nostrils with Thumb and the little and third finger ofthe hands and recite the following Manthra:
Om Bhoo
Om Bhuva
Ogum Suva
Om Maha
Om Jana
Om Thapa
Ogum Sathyam
Om Tatsa vithur varenyam Bargo devasya dhi mahi dhiyo yonaprachodayath
Om Apa
Jyothj rasa
Amrutham brahma
Bhoorbuvasuvarom
Touch the ears three times saying
Om, Om, Om

3. Do Sankalpam
Mamo Partha Samastha Duritha kshaya dwara Sri ParameshwaraPreethyartham.
Brahma Yagnam karishye. Brahma yagnena yakshye.

4. Prayogam
a. Vidhyudhasi vidhya me paapmanam ruthath sathya mupaime.
Touch water. Do Achamanam three times and after first and secondtouch water,clean the lips, and after the third sprinkle wateron left arms and left leg. Then touch head, eyes, nose andchest.
b. Then chant
Om Bhoo, tatsa vithurvarenyam
Om Suva, Bhargo devasya dheemahi,
Ogum suva. dhiyo yona prachodayath,
OM Bhoo tatsa vithurvarenyam bhargo devasya dheemahi.
Om Bhuva, dhiyo yona prachodayath,
Ogum suva, tasa vithur varenyam bhago devasya dheemahi dhiyoyona prachodayath.
c. chants from all the four Vedas
Hari Om, Agni meele purohitham, yagnasya devam ruthvijam.Hothaaram rathna dhathamam. Hari om (Rik veda)
Hari Om, Eeshethvorje twam vayavastho payavastha, devovassavitha prarpayathu sresta thamaya karmane. Hari om(Yajurveda)
Hari om, Agna aayahi veethaye grunano havya dhathaye ni hothasathsi barhishi. Hari Om (Sama veda)
Hari om. , Sanno deveer abhishtaya aapo bhavanthu peethaye, samyorabhistravanthu na. Hari om (Atharvana veda)
d. Chant "Om Bhoorbhavassuva" and rotate little water round yourhead
e. Chant "Satyam Thapa, Sradhayam Juhomi" with folded hands
f. Chant thrice with folded hands
"Om namo brahmane. Namasthvagnaye,, nama pruthviyai, namaoshadheebhya. Namo vache, namo vachaspathaye, namo vishnave,bruhathe karomi.

i. Put the poonal in proper position and doAachamana

Summary Meaning in English of various Manthras used inTharpanam

1. Aachamanam
This is a preliminary purification ceremony. Gods Achutha,Anantha and Govinda are saluted and then the self is purified bychanting the twelve names of Vishnu.

2. Ganapathi Dhyanam (this is not done by Vaishnavites)
This is a prayer to the God Ganapathi who is supposed to removeall obstacles on our way in performance of any rite, in thiscase, "Tharpanam"
Dressed in white thou art,
Oh, all pervading one,
And glowing with the colour of moon.
With four arms, thou art, Vishnu.
I meditate on thine ever-smiling face,
And pray, " Remove all obstacles on my way".

3. Pranayamam
This manthra is a guide to a breathing exercise as also aprayer. While chanting Om bhoo,Om Bhuva, Ogum Suva, Om Maha, omjana, om thapa, ogum satyam we are supposed to keep the leftnostril closed and inhale through the right nostril. Whilechanting, "Om tat sa vithur varenyam bargo devasya dhee mahi,dhi yo yona prachothayad", we are supposed to close bothnostrils and hold the breath. After this the left nostril isopened and air exhaled till the end of the manthra.
Hindus believed that that there were six holy worlds above theearth. These along with earth are remembered in the first part.These worlds are bhooloka, bhuvarloka, suvarloka, maharloka,janaloka, thapaloka and satya loka. The second part is thefamous Gayathri manthram. It means
"I meditate on that savitha (the sun or the enlightenment withinourselves) which helps us in our though process, that god whichis within me and that all engulfing power."
Or
"I meditate on the most holy shining aspect of that God, whohelps in brightening our thought process."
Then the third part means "Om is water, it is the light, it isthe earth which gives the food, it is the air which supportslife, and it is the ether which is spread all around. It is alsothe holy seven worlds."
By touching the nose the hands are supposed to get polluted andthis is removed by touching the ears thrice.

4. Sankalpam
This is a preliminary rite in every Vedic action. We tell why weare doing what we do and we also tell, what we are going to doevery time. In some cases like the tharpanam we also tell whenwe are doing it and where.
To attain the grace of God, through destruction of sinscommitted by me, praying the lord of all worlds,
i. I pray god Lakshmi pathi and mention below the auspicioushour, day, star, moon phase, my knowledge base and the strengthof God and salute the feets of Lord Vishnu.
ii. Whether one is in pure or impure state or whatever state oneis in, just by remembering Pundarikaksha that is Lord Vishnu, Iget cleaned both outside and inside.
iii. There is no doubt that the sins committed either by mind,or words or by action go away by remembering the names of LordRama. Rama. Rama
iv. The moon phase, the day, the star, the yoga and thehappenings are all Lord Vishnu and thus the whole world isfilled with Lord Vishnu. Govinda, Govinda, Govinda.
v. In the second ionic division of lord Brahma who actedaccording to the wishes of the prime God Lord Vishnu, In thegreat period of the white Varaha, in the extended reign ofVaivasvatha manu, in the 28th time period which is the firststep of Kali yuga,
At the Indian sub continent of the Indian continent of the greatJambu island, In the south of the Meru mountain, In the year ofthe saka timeperiod starting with the year Prabhava, in thesolstice, in the season, in the month of
In the waning/waxing period of the moon, in the day of the mooncrescents, in the day, in the star, in the holy period which isfor good action, which results in good, and in the period whichhas many other good properties, in the day of moon crescents, Ido oblations with thil(gingelly) and water for destruction ofall my sins and for the favour of the god, to my father whosename is who is of the form of vasu, who belongs to the gothra,to my grandfather whose name is who is of the form of Rudra, whobelongs to the gothra, to my great grandfather whose name is whois of the form of adithya and who belongs to the gothra, as alsoto my mother(grandmother if she mother is alive) who is of theform of vasu and who belongs to the gothra and whose name is, tomy grandmother (great grandmother if mother is alive) who is ofthe form of Rudra who belongs to the gothra
And whose name is, to my great grandmother (her mother if motheris alive) who is of the form of Adithya and who belongs to theGothra and whose name is, to my maternal grandfather who is ofthe form of Vasu and who belongs to the gothra and whose nameis, to my maternal great grandfather who is of the form ofRudra, who belongs to the gothra and whose name is, to my greatgrandfather of my mother who is of the form of Adithya and whosename is, to my maternal grandmother who is of the form of vasu,who belongs to the gotra and whose name is, to my maternal greatgrandmother who is of the form of Rudra, who belongs to thegothra and whose name is, to my great grandmother of my motherwho is of the form of adithya who belongs to the gothra andwhose name is. for their perennial satisfaction,

5. Avahanam (For my fathers side)
i. Hey revered manes, who have observed soma yaga, please travelthrough the royal path, and take part in this rite, which hasbeen adopted by your ancestors. And bless me with childrenwealth and long life,
ii. Om is the sound of the holy lands, which are above thisearth.
iii. I meditate on my father, grandfather, great grandfatherwhose names are
who were belonged to the gothra and whose respective forms arethat of Vasu, rudhra and adhithya and my mother, grandmother andgreat grandmother whose names are who belonged to the gothra andwhose respective forms are that of Vasu, Rudhra and Adhithya andrequest them to occupy this koorcham.

6. Asanam (For my fathers side)
i. Hey leaves of Durbha plant, I spread thine very soft leaves,which were only cut once here so that my manes can sit on you.Let my father, grandfather, great grandfather who are of theform of the moon sit on you along with their companions.
ii. I give seat to my father, grandfather, great grandfather andmy mother, grandmother and great grandmother and worship themwith gingelly.

7. Avahanam (For my maternal grandfather's side)
i. Hey revered manes, who have observed soma yaga, please travelthrough the royal path, and take part in this rite, which hasbeen adopted by your ancestors. And bless me with childrenwealth and long life,
ii. Om is the sound of the holy lands, which are above thisearth.
iii. I meditate on my maternal grandfather, maternal greatgrandfather, grandfather of maternal grandfather whose names are
who were belonged to the gothra and whose respective forms arethat of Vasu, rudhra and adhithya and my maternal grandmother,maternal great grandmother and grandmother of maternalgrandfather whose names are who belonged to the
gothra and whose respective forms are that of Vasu, Rudhra andAdhithya and request them to occupy this koorcham.

8. Asanam (For my maternal grandfathers side)
i. Hey leaves of Durbha plant, I spread thine very soft leaves,which were only cut once here so that my manes can sit on you.Let my maternal grandfather, maternal great grandfather,grandfather of maternal grandfather who are of the form of themoon sit on you along with their companions.
ii. I give seat to my maternal grandfather, maternal greatgrandfather, grandfather of my maternal grandfather and mymaternal grandmother, maternal great grandmother and grandmotherof my maternal grandfather and worship them with gingelly.

9. Oblations to paternal ancestors
a. Oblations to father
i. Let all those manes who are in the earth because they did notperform dutiful rites. Those manes who are great because theycarried out fire sacrifices and those of average stature becausethey performed the rites prescribed to them, receive myoblations and bless me. Let those who do not trouble and knowabout the rites that I perform save me. I offer this oblation ofthis food mixed with water to my father whose name is and who isborn in the gothra and who is the form of vasu.
ii. Our manes who are known by names such as Angeeras, atharwas,and brugus,are of very great character and they all have greataffection to their descendents. Let them who should beworshipped by doing fire sacrifices be is our mind doing goodand bless us. I offer this oblation of this food mixed withwater to my father whose name is and who is born in the gothraand who is the form of vasu.
iii. Let my manes who have not done fire sacrifices but havereached pithru loka arrive here by the path taken by Gods. Letthem get satisfied by this offering of food mixed with water andlet them talk good of us in the other world and bless us withfurther and further progress. I offer this oblation of this foodmixed with water to my father whose name is and who is born inthe gothra and who is the form of vasu.

b. Oblations to grandfather
i. Hey gods who love water, carry suitable food, nectar, ghee,blood and toddy to my manes if by chance they are born as men,tree, creeper and men of the lower caste and make it suitablefood for them and also become food for them. I offer thisoblation of this food mixed with water to my grandfather whosename is and who is born in the gothra and who is the form ofRudra.
ii. I salute my father, grandfather and great grandfather wholike the food called swadha which is mixed with water and offerthem the food which is swadha. I offer this oblation of thisfood mixed with water to my grandfather whose name is and who isborn in the gothra and who is the form of Rudra.
iii. Hey God of fire who is all knowing, You know my manes whoare present here, who are not present here, those who are knownto me because they departed not long ago, those are not known tome,. Please take this food with water, which I am offering tothem and let all my manes become happy. I offer this oblation ofthis food mixed with water to my grandfather whose name is andwho is born in the gothra and who is the form of Rudra

c. Oblations to great grandfather
i. Let air do me (who is offering these oblations) good andrivers and medicinal plants give me sweetness I offer thisoblation of this food mixed with water to my great grandfatherwhose name is and who is born in the gothra and who is the formof Adhithya.
ii. Let night and day do me good. Let earth give me sweetnessand very good quality food. Let the sky, which is like my fathernot trouble me with no rain or excess rain and grant me purepleasure. I offer this oblation of this food mixed with water tomy great grandfather whose name is and who is born in the gothraand who is the form of Adhithya.
iii. Let trees bless me by giving fruits. Let Sun god give meenergy without much hot weather. Let cows give me sweet milk. Ioffer this oblation of this food mixed with water to my greatgrandfather whose name is and who is born in the gothra and whois the form of adhitya.

d. e. f. Mother, grandmother, great grandmother
Three oblations each are offered without any "riks(prayer chant)to the lady ancestors with the manthra
"I offer this oblation of this food mixed with water to mymother (grandmother, great grandmother) whose name is and who isborn in the gothra and who is the form of vasu. (Rudra forgrandmother, Adithya for great grandmother.) "

10. Oblations to unknown manes of the father's side
This is offered thrice with the chant.
"I offer this swadha food which is mixed with water to my knownand unknown manes of my paternal side. "
Hey gods who love water, carry suitable food, nectar, ghee,blood and toddy to my manes if by chance they are born as men,tree, creeper and men of the lower caste and make it suitablefood for them and also become food for them. Oh manes please getsatisfied, please get satisfied and please get satisfied.

The Tharpanam for the manes of the maternal grandfather side (11and 12) is same as that of paternal side except the manes of thematernal grandfathers side are mentioned so as to avoidrepetition this meaning is not given.

13. Pradakshinam
Salutations to gods, manes and great sages.
Salutations to food, fire sacrifice daily
The meaning of the alternate manthra:
Oh manes salutations,
To your spirit,
Your strength,
Your soul,
Your food, which is swadha,
Your anger,
And your strong punishment.
Let those people whom you are with,
Obey you.
You kindly do as per our wishes.
Please be friends to those whom you are
With in Pithru loka and be a good home for them.
For those who are in this earth,
Let me a good home.

14. Namaskaram (Salutations)
Salutations to father - grandfather and great grandfather,
Salutations to mother - grandmother - great grandmother
Salutations to maternal grandfather, his father and hisgrandfather
Salutations to maternal grandmother, maternal great grandmotherand great grandmother of maternal grandfather.
The meaning of alternate manthra.
Oh manes who are great in blessing and in action,
Be pleased to depart by either the old way
or through the land of yama or any other way,
Please grant us wealth and good luck.
Please tell the Vasu, adhithya and devathas,
About the food that I offered you.

15. Udwasanam
This is the same as Avahana manthra except that the manes areasked to go their place and are requested to come again andagain.

16. Sarva Tharpanam (general oblations)
Let all those manes who do not have mother, father, friends,others of their family or even others belonging to other gotrasto do tharpanam for them partake this water mixed with gingelyand be satisfied. , be satisfied, be satisfied.

17. Brahmarpanam
I do give all this to the great god Brahma so that faults arepardoned.

II. Brahma Yagnam
This is supposed to be done by all Brahmins daily afterMadhyahnikam. This is a worship of Vedas and honouring andsatifying the devas, rishis and Pithrus. The Manthra startingwith "Vidhyudhasi" means
Oh God, you are the lightning which is in between the clouds andyou know my sins. and I seek the part of that power of yours.Daily.
The vedic chants have the following meaning:
1. I worship the god of fire who is the first god in all firesacrifices, who is the one who conducts and who is theconductior of the fire sacrifice and who is capable of givingall wealth (Rik Veda).
2. Oh calves of cows. To supply us food as well as make usworship god, you graze and return. Let the god savithru give yougood grazing (Yajur veda).
3. Oh God of fire, be pleased to come. You should be pleasedaccept our worship. Please make the fire sacrifice that we do tothe devas (sama veda).
4. Oh Gods who like water, Apart from quenching our thirsts, youshould fulfill all our desires and grant us good things. By yourgrace let sorrow vanish from our lives and let happiness come(atharvana Veda).
Meaning for the sloka starting with "Vrushtirasi"
You are rain,You will cut off my sins,
After this several oblation is offered to devas, rishis, Vedasand pithrus.


Appendix:

1. Names of Nakshatras in Sanskrit for Sankalpa
S. No.     Tamil     Malayalam    Sanskrit
1.    Aswathi     Aswini    Aswini
2.    Bharani     Bharani    Apabharani
3.    Karthigai     Karthiga    Kruthiga
4.    Rohini     Rohini    Rohinee
5.    Mriga Siarm     Mageeram    Mriga Seersha
6.    Thiruvathirai    Thiruvathira     Arudhra
7.    Punarpoosam     Punartham    Punarvasu
8.    Poosam     Pooyam    Pushya
9.    Ayilyam     Ayilyam    Aslesha
10.    Magam     Makam    Magha
11.    Pooram     Pooram    Poorva Phalguni
12.    Uthiram     Uthram    Uthra Phalguni
13.    Haastham     Atham    Hastha
14.    Chithirai     Chithra    Chitra
15.    Swathi     Swathi    Swathi
16.    Vishagam     Vishakam    Vishaka
17.    Anusham     Anizham    Anuradha
18.    Kettai     Ketta    Jyeshta
19..    Moolam     Moolam    Moola
20.    Pooradam     Pooradam    Poorvashada
21.    Uthradam     Uthradam    Uthrashada
22.    Thiruvonam     Thiruvonam    Sravana
23.    Avittam     Avittam    Sravishta
24.    Chathayam     Chathayam    Satha bishak
25.    Poororattathi    Poororattathi     Poorva proshta pada
26.    Uthrattathi     Uthrattathi    Uthara proshtapada
27.    Revathy     Revathy    Revathee
               
2. Names of Days of Week in Sanskrit for Sankalpa
1.    Sunday    Bhanuvasara     
2.    Monday   Induvasara     
3.    Tuesday    Bhoumavasara     
4.    Wednesday    Soumyavasara     
5.    Thursday    Guruvasara     
6.    Friday    Bruguvasara     
7.    Saturday   Sthiravasara     
              
3. Names of Months in Sanskrit for Sankalpa:
S. No.     Tamil     Malayalam    Sanskrit
1.    Chitthirai     Medam    Mesham
2.    Vaikasi     Edavam    Rishabha
3.    Aani     Midhunam    Midhuna
4.    Aadi     Karkidagam    Karkada
5.    Aavani     Chingam    Simham
6.    Puratasi     Kanni    Kanya
7.    Iyppasi     Thulam    Thula
8.    Karthigai     Vrischigam    Vrucchiga
9.    Margazhi     Dhanu    Dhanu
10.    Thai     Makaram    Makara
11.    Masi     Kumbham    Kumbha
12.    Panguni     Meenam    Meena
              
4. Names of the Seasons:
S. No.     Sanskrit    Tamil    Malayalam
1.    Vasantha Ruthu    Chithirai-Vaikasi     Medam-edavam
2.    Greeshma Rithu     Aani-Aadi    Mithunam-karkidagam
3.    Varsha Rithu    Aavani-purattasi     Chingam-Kanni
4.    Sarad Rithu    Ippasi-Karthigai     Thulam-Vrischigam
5.     Hemantha Rithu    Margazhi-Thai     Dhanu-Makaram
6.     Sishira Rithu    Maasi-Panguni     Kumbham-Meenam