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Updated by:7845Network Working Group I. GoncalvesRequest for Comments: 5334 S. PfeifferObsoletes:3534 C. MontgomeryCategory: Standards Track Xiph September 2008Ogg Media TypesStatus of This Memo This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.Abstract This document describes the registration of media types for the Ogg container format and conformance requirements for implementations of these types. This document obsoletesRFC 3534.Table of Contents1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22. Changes SinceRFC 3534 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23. Conformance and Document Conventions . . . . . . . . . . .34. Deployed Media Types and Compatibility . . . . . . . . . .35. Relation between the Media Types . . . . . . . . . . . . .56. Encoding Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68. Interoperability Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .710. Ogg Media Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .710.1. application/ogg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .710.2. video/ogg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .810.3. audio/ogg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .911. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1012. Copying Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1013. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1113.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1113.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11Goncalves, et al. Standards Track [Page 1]
RFC 5334 Ogg Media Types September 20081. Introduction This document describes media types for Ogg, a data encapsulation format defined by the Xiph.Org Foundation for public use. Refer to "Introduction" in [RFC3533] and "Overview" in [Ogg] for background information on this container format. Binary data contained in Ogg, such as Vorbis and Theora, has historically been interchanged using the application/ogg media type as defined by [RFC3534]. This document obsoletes [RFC3534] and defines three media types for different types of content in Ogg to reflect this usage in the IANA media type registry, to foster interoperability by defining underspecified aspects, and to provide general security considerations. The Ogg container format is known to contain [Theora] or [Dirac] video, [Speex] (narrow-band and wide-band) speech, [Vorbis] or [FLAC] audio, and [CMML] timed text/metadata. As Ogg encapsulates binary data, it is possible to include any other type of video, audio, image, text, or, generally speaking, any time-continuously sampled data. While raw packets from these data sources may be used directly by transport mechanisms that provide their own framing and packet- separation mechanisms (such as UDP datagrams or RTP), Ogg is a solution for stream based storage (such as files) and transport (such as TCP streams or pipes). The media types defined in this document are needed to correctly identify such content when it is served over HTTP, included in multi-part documents, or used in other places where media types [RFC2045] are used.2. Changes SinceRFC 3534 o The type "application/ogg" is redefined. o The types "video/ogg" and "audio/ogg" are defined. o New file extensions are defined. o New Macintosh file type codes are defined. o The codecs parameter is defined for optional use. o The Ogg Skeleton extension becomes a recommended addition for content served under the new types.Goncalves, et al. Standards Track [Page 2]
RFC 5334 Ogg Media Types September 20083. Conformance and Document Conventions The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described inBCP 14, [RFC2119] and indicate requirement levels for compliant implementations. Requirements apply to all implementations unless otherwise stated. An implementation is a software module that supports one of the media types defined in this document. Software modules may support multiple media types, but conformance is considered individually for each type. Implementations that fail to satisfy one or more "MUST" requirements are considered non-compliant. Implementations that satisfy all "MUST" requirements, but fail to satisfy one or more "SHOULD" requirements, are said to be "conditionally compliant". All other implementations are "unconditionally compliant".4. Deployed Media Types and Compatibility The application/ogg media type has been used in an ad hoc fashion to label and exchange multimedia content in Ogg containers. Use of the "application" top-level type for this kind of content is known to be problematic, in particular since it obfuscates video and audio content. This document thus defines the media types, o video/ogg o audio/ogg which are intended for common use and SHOULD be used when dealing with video or audio content, respectively. This document also obsoletes the [RFC3534] definition of application/ogg and marks it for complex data (e.g., multitrack visual, audio, textual, and other time-continuously sampled data), which is not clearly video or audio data and thus not suited for either the video/ogg or audio/ogg types. Refer to the following section for more details. An Ogg bitstream generally consists of one or more logical bitstreams that each consist of a series of header and data pages packetising time-continuous binary data [RFC3533]. The content types of the logical bitstreams may be identified without decoding the header pages of the logical bitstreams through use of a [Skeleton] bitstream. Using Ogg Skeleton is REQUIRED for content served underGoncalves, et al. Standards Track [Page 3]
RFC 5334 Ogg Media Types September 2008 the application/ogg type and RECOMMENDED for video/ogg and audio/ogg, as Skeleton contains identifiers to describe the different encapsulated data. Furthermore, it is RECOMMENDED that implementations that identify a logical bitstream that they cannot decode SHOULD ignore it, while continuing to decode the ones they can. Such precaution ensures backward and forward compatibility with existing and future data. These media types can optionally use the "codecs" parameter described in [RFC4281]. Codecs encapsulated in Ogg require a text identifier at the beginning of the first header page, hence a machine-readable method to identify the encapsulated codecs would be through this header. The following table illustrates how those header values map into strings that are used in the "codecs" parameter when dealing with Ogg media types. Codec Identifier | Codecs Parameter ----------------------------------------------------------- char[5]: 'BBCD\0' | dirac char[5]: '\177FLAC' | flac char[7]: '\x80theora' | theora char[7]: '\x01vorbis' | vorbis char[8]: 'CELT ' | celt char[8]: 'CMML\0\0\0\0' | cmml char[8]: '\213JNG\r\n\032\n' | jng char[8]: '\x80kate\0\0\0' | kate char[8]: 'OggMIDI\0' | midi char[8]: '\212MNG\r\n\032\n' | mng char[8]: 'PCM ' | pcm char[8]: '\211PNG\r\n\032\n' | png char[8]: 'Speex ' | speex char[8]: 'YUV4MPEG' | yuv4mpeg An up-to-date version of this table is kept at Xiph.org (see [Codecs]). Possible examples include: o application/ogg; codecs="theora, cmml, ecmascript" o video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis" o audio/ogg; codecs=speexGoncalves, et al. Standards Track [Page 4]
RFC 5334 Ogg Media Types September 20085. Relation between the Media Types As stated in the previous section, this document describes three media types that are targeted at different data encapsulated in Ogg. Since Ogg is capable of encapsulating any kind of data, the multiple usage scenarios have revealed interoperability issues between implementations when dealing with content served solely under the application/ogg type. While this document does redefine the earlier definition of application/ogg, this media type will continue to embrace the widest net possible of content with the video/ogg and audio/ogg types being smaller subsets of it. However, the video/ogg and audio/ogg types take precedence in a subset of the usages, specifically when serving multimedia content that is not complex enough to warrant the use of application/ogg. Following this line of thought, the audio/ogg type is an even smaller subset within video/ogg, as it is not intended to refer to visual content. As such, the application/ogg type is the recommended choice to serve content aimed at scientific and other applications that require various multiplexed signals or streams of continuous data, with or without scriptable control of content. For bitstreams containing visual, timed text, and any other type of material that requires a visual interface, but that is not complex enough to warrant serving under application/ogg, the video/ogg type is recommended. In situations where the Ogg bitstream predominantly contains audio data (lyrics, metadata, or cover art notwithstanding), it is recommended to use the audio/ogg type.6. Encoding Considerations Binary: The content consists of an unrestricted sequence of octets. Note: o Ogg encapsulated content is binary data and should be transmitted in a suitable encoding without CR/LF conversion, 7-bit stripping, etc.; base64 [RFC4648] is generally preferred for binary-to-text encoding. o Media types described in this document are used for stream based storage (such as files) and transport (such as TCP streams or pipes); separate types are used to identify codecs such as in real-time applications for the RTP payload formats of Theora [ThRTP] video, Vorbis [RFC5215], or Speex [SpRTP] audio, as well as for identification of encapsulated data within Ogg through Skeleton.Goncalves, et al. Standards Track [Page 5]
RFC 5334 Ogg Media Types September 20087. Security Considerations Refer to [RFC3552] for a discussion of terminology used in this section. The Ogg encapsulation format is a container and only a carrier of content (such as audio, video, and displayable text data) with a very rigid definition. This format in itself is not more vulnerable than any other content framing mechanism. Ogg does not provide for any generic encryption or signing of itself or its contained bitstreams. However, it encapsulates any kind of binary content and is thus able to contain encrypted and signed content data. It is also possible to add an external security mechanism that encrypts or signs an Ogg bitstream and thus provides content confidentiality and authenticity. As Ogg encapsulates binary data, it is possible to include executable content in an Ogg bitstream. Implementations SHOULD NOT execute such content without prior validation of its origin by the end-user. Issues may arise on applications that use Ogg for streaming or file transfer in a networking scenario. In such cases, implementations decoding Ogg and its encapsulated bitstreams have to ensure correct handling of manipulated bitstreams, of buffer overflows, and similar issues. It is also possible to author malicious Ogg bitstreams, which attempt to call for an excessively large picture size, high sampling-rate audio, etc. Implementations SHOULD protect themselves against this kind of attack. Ogg has an extensible structure, so that it is theoretically possible that metadata fields or media formats might be defined in the future which might be used to induce particular actions on the part of the recipient, thus presenting additional security risks. However, this type of capability is currently not supported in the referenced specification. Implementations may fail to implement a specific security model or other means to prevent possibly dangerous operations. Such failure might possibly be exploited to gain unauthorized access to a system or sensitive information; such failure constitutes an unknown factor and is thus considered out of the scope of this document.Goncalves, et al. Standards Track [Page 6]
RFC 5334 Ogg Media Types September 20088. Interoperability Considerations The Ogg container format is device-, platform-, and vendor-neutral and has proved to be widely implementable across different computing platforms through a wide range of encoders and decoders. A broadly portable reference implementation [libogg] is available under the revised (3-clause) BSD license, which is a Free Software license. The Xiph.Org Foundation has defined the specification, interoperability, and conformance and conducts regular interoperability testing. The use of the Ogg Skeleton extension has been confirmed to not cause interoperability issues with existing implementations. Third parties are, however, welcome to conduct their own testing.9. IANA Considerations In accordance with the procedures set forth in [RFC4288], this document registers two new media types and redefines the existing application/ogg as defined in the following section.10. Ogg Media Types10.1. application/ogg Type name: application Subtype name: ogg Required parameters: none Optional parameters: codecs, whose syntax is defined inRFC 4281. Seesection 4 of RFC 5334 for a list of allowed values. Encoding considerations: Seesection 6 of RFC 5334. Security considerations: Seesection 7 of RFC 5334. Interoperability considerations: None, as noted in section 8 ofRFC5334. Published specification:RFC 3533 Applications which use this media type: Scientific and otherwise that require various multiplexed signals or streams of data, with or without scriptable control of content.Goncalves, et al. Standards Track [Page 7]
RFC 5334 Ogg Media Types September 2008 Additional information: Magic number(s): The first four bytes, 0x4f 0x67 0x67 0x53, correspond to the string "OggS". File extension(s): .ogxRFC 3534 defined the file extension .ogg for application/ogg, whichRFC 5334 obsoletes in favor of .ogx due to concerns where, historically, some implementations expect .ogg files to be solely Vorbis-encoded audio. Macintosh File Type Code(s): OggX Person & Email address to contact for further information: See "Authors' Addresses" section. Intended usage: COMMON Restrictions on usage: The type application/ogg SHOULD only be used in situations where it is not appropriate to serve data under the video/ogg or audio/ogg types. Data served under the application/ogg type SHOULD use the .ogx file extension and MUST contain an Ogg Skeleton logical bitstream to identify all other contained logical bitstreams. Author: See "Authors' Addresses" section. Change controller: The Xiph.Org Foundation.10.2. video/ogg Type name: video Subtype name: ogg Required parameters: none Optional parameters: codecs, whose syntax is defined inRFC 4281. Seesection 4 of RFC 5334 for a list of allowed values. Encoding considerations: Seesection 6 of RFC 5334. Security considerations: Seesection 7 of RFC 5334. Interoperability considerations: None, as noted in section 8 ofRFC5334.Goncalves, et al. Standards Track [Page 8]
RFC 5334 Ogg Media Types September 2008 Published specification:RFC 3533 Applications which use this media type: Multimedia applications, including embedded, streaming, and conferencing tools. Additional information: Magic number(s): The first four bytes, 0x4f 0x67 0x67 0x53, correspond to the string "OggS". File extension(s): .ogv Macintosh File Type Code(s): OggV Person & Email address to contact for further information: See "Authors' Addresses" section. Intended usage: COMMON Restrictions on usage: The type "video/ogg" SHOULD be used for Ogg bitstreams containing visual, audio, timed text, or any other type of material that requires a visual interface. It is intended for content not complex enough to warrant serving under "application/ ogg"; for example, a combination of Theora video, Vorbis audio, Skeleton metadata, and CMML captioning. Data served under the type "video/ogg" SHOULD contain an Ogg Skeleton logical bitstream. Implementations interacting with the type "video/ogg" SHOULD support multiplexed bitstreams. Author: See "Authors' Addresses" section. Change controller: The Xiph.Org Foundation.10.3. audio/ogg Type name: audio Subtype name: ogg Required parameters: none Optional parameters: codecs, whose syntax is defined inRFC 4281. Seesection 4 of RFC 5334 for a list of allowed values. Encoding considerations: Seesection 6 of RFC 5334. Security considerations: Seesection 7 of RFC 5334.Goncalves, et al. Standards Track [Page 9]
RFC 5334 Ogg Media Types September 2008 Interoperability considerations: None, as noted in section 8 ofRFC5334. Published specification:RFC 3533 Applications which use this media type: Multimedia applications, including embedded, streaming, and conferencing tools. Additional information: Magic number(s): The first four bytes, 0x4f 0x67 0x67 0x53, correspond to the string "OggS". File extension(s): .oga, .ogg, .spx Macintosh File Type Code(s): OggA Person & Email address to contact for further information: See "Authors' Addresses" section. Intended usage: COMMON Restrictions on usage: The type "audio/ogg" SHOULD be used when the Ogg bitstream predominantly contains audio data. Content served under the "audio/ogg" type SHOULD have an Ogg Skeleton logical bitstream when using the default .oga file extension. The .ogg and .spx file extensions indicate a specialization that requires no Skeleton due to backward compatibility concerns with existing implementations. In particular, .ogg is used for Ogg files that contain only a Vorbis bitstream, while .spx is used for Ogg files that contain only a Speex bitstream. Author: See "Authors' Addresses" section. Change controller: The Xiph.Org Foundation.11. Acknowledgements The authors gratefully acknowledge the contributions of Magnus Westerlund, Alfred Hoenes, and Peter Saint-Andre.12. Copying Conditions The authors agree to grant third parties the irrevocable right to copy, use and distribute the work, with or without modification, in any medium, without royalty, provided that, unless separate permission is granted, redistributed modified works do not contain misleading author, version, name of work, or endorsement information.Goncalves, et al. Standards Track [Page 10]
RFC 5334 Ogg Media Types September 200813. References13.1. Normative References [RFC2045] Freed, N. and N. Borenstein, "Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) Part One: Format of Internet Message Bodies",RFC 2045, November 1996. [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels",BCP 14,RFC 2119, March 1997. [RFC3533] Pfeiffer, S., "The Ogg Encapsulation Format Version 0",RFC 3533, May 2003. [RFC4281] Gellens, R., Singer, D., and P. Frojdh, "The Codecs Parameter for "Bucket" Media Types",RFC 4281, November 2005. [RFC4288] Freed, N. and J. Klensin, "Media Type Specifications and Registration Procedures",BCP 13,RFC 4288, December 2005.13.2. Informative References [CMML] Pfeiffer, S., Parker, C., and A. Pang, "The Continuous Media Markup Language (CMML)", Work in Progress, March 2006. [Codecs] Pfeiffer, S. and I. Goncalves, "Specification of MIME types and respective codecs parameter", July 2008, <http://wiki.xiph.org/index.php/MIMETypesCodecs>. [Dirac] Dirac Group, "Dirac Specification", <http://diracvideo.org/specifications/>. [FLAC] Coalson, J., "The FLAC Format", <http://flac.sourceforge.net/format.html>. [libogg] Xiph.Org Foundation, "The libogg API", June 2000, <http://xiph.org/ogg/doc/libogg>. [Ogg] Xiph.Org Foundation, "Ogg bitstream documentation: Ogg logical and physical bitstream overview, Ogg logical bitstream framing, Ogg multi-stream multiplexing", <http://xiph.org/ogg/doc>. [RFC3534] Walleij, L., "The application/ogg Media Type",RFC 3534, May 2003.Goncalves, et al. Standards Track [Page 11]
RFC 5334 Ogg Media Types September 2008 [RFC3552] Rescorla, E. and B. Korver, "Guidelines for Writing RFC Text on Security Considerations",BCP 72,RFC 3552, July 2003. [RFC4648] Josefsson, S., "The Base16, Base32, and Base64 Data Encodings",RFC 4648, October 2006. [RFC5215] Barbato, L., "RTP Payload Format for Vorbis Encoded Audio",RFC 5215, August 2008. [Skeleton] Pfeiffer, S. and C. Parker, "The Ogg Skeleton Metadata Bitstream", November 2007, <http://xiph.org/ogg/doc/skeleton.html>. [Speex] Valin, J., "The Speex Codec Manual", February 2002, <http://speex.org/docs/manual/speex-manual>. [SpRTP] Herlein, G., Valin, J., Heggestad, A., and A. Moizard, "RTP Payload Format for the Speex Codec", Work in Progress, February 2008. [Theora] Xiph.Org Foundation, "Theora Specification", October 2007, <http://theora.org/doc/Theora.pdf>. [ThRTP] Barbato, L., "RTP Payload Format for Theora Encoded Video", Work in Progress, June 2006. [Vorbis] Xiph.Org Foundation, "Vorbis I Specification", July 2004, <http://xiph.org/vorbis/doc/Vorbis_I_spec.html>.Goncalves, et al. Standards Track [Page 12]
RFC 5334 Ogg Media Types September 2008Authors' Addresses Ivo Emanuel Goncalves Xiph.Org Foundation 21 College Hill Road Somerville, MA 02144 US EMail: justivo@gmail.com URI: xmpp:justivo@gmail.com Silvia Pfeiffer Xiph.Org Foundation EMail: silvia@annodex.net URI:http://annodex.net/ Christopher Montgomery Xiph.Org Foundation EMail: monty@xiph.org URI:http://xiph.orgGoncalves, et al. Standards Track [Page 13]
RFC 5334 Ogg Media Types September 2008Full Copyright Statement Copyright (C) The IETF Trust (2008). This document is subject to the rights, licenses and restrictions contained inBCP 78, and except as set forth therein, the authors retain all their rights. This document and the information contained herein are provided on an "AS IS" basis and THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE ORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE INTERNET SOCIETY, THE IETF TRUST AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.Intellectual Property The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any Intellectual Property Rights or other rights that might be claimed to pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described in this document or the extent to which any license under such rights might or might not be available; nor does it represent that it has made any independent effort to identify any such rights. Information on the procedures with respect to rights in RFC documents can be found inBCP 78 andBCP 79. Copies of IPR disclosures made to the IETF Secretariat and any assurances of licenses to be made available, or the result of an attempt made to obtain a general license or permission for the use of such proprietary rights by implementers or users of this specification can be obtained from the IETF on-line IPR repository athttp://www.ietf.org/ipr. The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any copyrights, patents or patent applications, or other proprietary rights that may cover technology that may be required to implement this standard. Please address the information to the IETF at ietf-ipr@ietf.org.Goncalves, et al. Standards Track [Page 14]
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