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Network Working Group J. RosenbergRequest for Comments: 3311 dynamicsoftCategory: Standards Track September 2002The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) UPDATE MethodStatus of this Memo This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.Copyright Notice Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2002). All Rights Reserved.Abstract This specification defines the new UPDATE method for the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). UPDATE allows a client to update parameters of a session (such as the set of media streams and their codecs) but has no impact on the state of a dialog. In that sense, it is like a re-INVITE, but unlike re-INVITE, it can be sent before the initial INVITE has been completed. This makes it very useful for updating session parameters within early dialogs.Rosenberg Standards Track [Page 1]
RFC 3311 SIP UPDATE Method September 2002Table of Contents1 Introduction ..............................................22 Terminology ...............................................33 Overview of Operation .....................................34 Determining Support for this Extension ....................35 UPDATE Handling ...........................................45.1 Sending an UPDATE .........................................45.2 Receiving an UPDATE .......................................55.3 Processing the UPDATE Response ............................66 Proxy Behavior ............................................77 Definition of the UPDATE method ...........................78 Example Call Flow .........................................79 Security Considerations ...................................1110 IANA Considerations .......................................1111 Notice Regarding Intellectual Property Rights .............1112 Normative References ......................................1113 Acknowledgements ..........................................1214 Author's Address ..........................................1215 Full Copyright Statement ..................................131 Introduction The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) [1] defines the INVITE method for the initiation and modification of sessions. However, this method actually affects two important pieces of state. It impacts the session (the media streams SIP sets up) and also the dialog (the state that SIP itself defines). While this is reasonable in many cases, there are important scenarios in which this coupling causes complications. The primary difficulty is when aspects of the session need to be modified before the initial INVITE has been answered. An example of this situation is "early media", a condition where the session is established, for the purpose of conveying progress of the call, but before the INVITE itself is accepted. It is important that either caller or callee be able to modify the characteristics of that session (putting the early media on hold, for example), before the call is answered. However, a re-INVITE cannot be used for this purpose, because the re-INVITE has an impact on the state of the dialog, in addition to the session. As a result, a solution is needed that allows the caller or callee to provide updated session information before a final response to the initial INVITE request is generated. The UPDATE method, defined here, fulfills that need. It can be sent by a UA within a dialog (early or confirmed) to update session parameters without impacting the dialog state itself.Rosenberg Standards Track [Page 2]
RFC 3311 SIP UPDATE Method September 20022 Terminology In this document, the key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" are to be interpreted as described inBCP 14,RFC 2119 [2] and indicate requirement levels for compliant SIP implementations.3 Overview of Operation Operation of this extension is straightforward. The caller begins with an INVITE transaction, which proceeds normally. Once a dialog is established, either early or confirmed, the caller can generate an UPDATE method that contains an SDP offer [3] for the purposes of updating the session. The response to the UPDATE method contains the answer. Similarly, once a dialog is established, the callee can send an UPDATE with an offer, and the caller places its answer in the 2xx to the UPDATE. The Allow header field is used to indicate support for the UPDATE method. There are additional constraints on when UPDATE can be used, based on the restrictions of the offer/answer model.4 Determining Support for this Extension The initiation of a session operates as specified inRFC 3261 [1]. However, a UAC compliant to this specification SHOULD also include an Allow header field in the INVITE request, listing the method UPDATE, to indicate its ability to receive an UPDATE request. When a UAS compliant to this specification receives an INVITE request for a new dialog, and generates a reliable provisional response containing SDP, that response SHOULD contain an Allow header field that lists the UPDATE method. This informs the caller that the callee is capable of receiving an UPDATE request at any time. An unreliable provisional response MAY contain an Allow header field listing the UPDATE method, and a 2xx response SHOULD contain an Allow header field listing the UPDATE method. Responses are processed normally as perRFC 3261 [1], and in the case of reliable provisional responses, according to [4]. It is important to note that a reliable provisional response will always create an early dialog at the UAC. Creation of this dialog is necessary in order to receive UPDATE requests from the callee. If the response contains an Allow header field containing the value "UPDATE", the UAC knows that the callee supports UPDATE, and the UAC is allowed to follow the procedures ofSection 5.1.Rosenberg Standards Track [Page 3]
RFC 3311 SIP UPDATE Method September 20025 UPDATE Handling5.1 Sending an UPDATE The UPDATE request is constructed as would any other request within an existing dialog, as described inSection 12.2.1 of RFC 3261. It MAY be sent for both early and confirmed dialogs, and MAY be sent by either caller or callee. Although UPDATE can be used on confirmed dialogs, it is RECOMMENDED that a re-INVITE be used instead. This is because an UPDATE needs to be answered immediately, ruling out the possibility of user approval. Such approval will frequently be needed, and is possible with a re-INVITE. The UAC MAY add optional headers for the UPDATE request, as defined in Tables 1 and 2. UPDATE is a target refresh request. As specified inRFC 3261 [1], this means that it can update the remote target of a dialog. If a UA uses an UPDATE request or response to modify the remote target while an INVITE transaction is in progress, and it is a UAS for that INVITE transaction, it MUST place the same value into the Contact header field of the 2xx to the INVITE that it placed into the UPDATE request or response. The rules for inclusion of offers and answers in SIP messages as defined inSection 13.2.1 of RFC 3261 still apply. These rules exist to guarantee a consistent view of the session state. This means that, for the caller: o If the UPDATE is being sent before completion of the initial INVITE transaction, and the initial INVITE contained an offer, the UPDATE can contain an offer if the callee generated an answer in a reliable provisional response, and the caller has received answers to any other offers it sent in either PRACK or UPDATE, and has generated answers for any offers it received in an UPDATE from the callee. o If the UPDATE is being sent before completion of the initial INVITE transaction, and the initial INVITE did not contain an offer, the UPDATE can contain an offer if the callee generated an offer in a reliable provisional response, and the UAC generated an answer in the corresponding PRACK. Of course, it can't send an UPDATE if it has not received answers to any other offers it sent in either PRACK or UPDATE, or has not generated answers for any other offers it received in an UPDATE from the callee.Rosenberg Standards Track [Page 4]
RFC 3311 SIP UPDATE Method September 2002 o If the UPDATE is being sent after the completion of the initial INVITE transaction, it cannot contain an offer if the caller has generated or received offers in a re-INVITE or UPDATE which have not been answered. and for the callee: o If the UPDATE is being sent before the completion of the INVITE transaction, and the initial INVITE contained an offer, the UPDATE cannot be sent with an offer unless the callee has generated an answer in a reliable provisional response, has received a PRACK for that reliable provisional response, has not received any requests (PRACK or UPDATE) with offers that it has not answered, and has not sent any UPDATE requests containing offers that have not been answered. o If the UPDATE is being sent before completion of the INVITE transaction, and the initial INVITE did not contain an offer, the UPDATE cannot be sent with an offer unless the callee has sent an offer in a reliable provisional response, received an answer in a PRACK, and has not received any UPDATE requests with offers that it has not answered, and has not sent any UPDATE requests containing offers that have not been answered. o If the UPDATE is being sent after the completion of the initial INVITE transaction, it cannot be sent with an offer if the callee has generated or received offers in a re-INVITE or UPDATE which have not been answered.5.2 Receiving an UPDATE The UPDATE is processed as any other mid-dialog target refresh request, as described inSection 12.2.2 of RFC 3261 [1]. If the request is generally acceptable, processing continues as described below. This processing is nearly identical to that ofSection 14.2 of RFC 3261 [1], but generalized for the case of UPDATE. A UAS that receives an UPDATE before it has generated a final response to a previous UPDATE on the same dialog MUST return a 500 response to the new UPDATE, and MUST include a Retry-After header field with a randomly chosen value between 0 and 10 seconds. If an UPDATE is received that contains an offer, and the UAS has generated an offer (in an UPDATE, PRACK or INVITE) to which it has not yet received an answer, the UAS MUST reject the UPDATE with a 491 response. Similarly, if an UPDATE is received that contains an offer, and the UAS has received an offer (in an UPDATE, PRACK, or INVITE) to which it has not yet generated an answer, the UAS MUSTRosenberg Standards Track [Page 5]
RFC 3311 SIP UPDATE Method September 2002 reject the UPDATE with a 500 response, and MUST include a Retry-After header field with a randomly chosen value between 0 and 10 seconds. If a UA receives an UPDATE for an existing dialog, it MUST check any version identifiers in the session description or, if there are no version identifiers, the content of the session description to see if it has changed. If the session description has changed, the UAS MUST adjust the session parameters accordingly and generate an answer in the 2xx response. However, unlike a re-INVITE, the UPDATE MUST be responded to promptly, and therefore the user cannot generally be prompted to approve the session changes. If the UAS cannot change the session parameters without prompting the user, it SHOULD reject the request with a 504 response. If the new session description is not acceptable, the UAS can reject it by returning a 488 (Not Acceptable Here) response for the UPDATE. This response SHOULD include a Warning header field.5.3 Processing the UPDATE Response Processing of the UPDATE response at the UAC follows the rules inSection 12.2.1.2 of RFC 3261 [1] for a target refresh request. Once that processing is complete, it continues as specified below. This processing is nearly identical to the processing ofSection 14.1 of RFC 3261 [1], but generalized for UPDATE. If a UA receives a non-2xx final response to a UPDATE, the session parameters MUST remain unchanged, as if no UPDATE had been issued. Note that, as stated inSection 12.2.1 of RFC 3261 [1], if the non- 2xx final response is a 481 (Call/Transaction Does Not Exist), or a 408 (Request Timeout), or no response at all is received for the UPDATE (that is, a timeout is returned by the UPDATE client transaction), the UAC will terminate the dialog. If a UAC receives a 491 response to a UPDATE, it SHOULD start a timer with a value T chosen as follows: 1. If the UAC is the owner of the Call-ID of the dialog ID (meaning it generated the value), T has a randomly chosen value between 2.1 and 4 seconds in units of 10 ms. 2. If the UAC is not the owner of the Call-ID of the dialog ID, T has a randomly chosen value between 0 and 2 seconds in units of 10 ms. When the timer fires, the UAC SHOULD attempt the UPDATE once more, if it still desires for that session modification to take place. For example, if the call was already hung up with a BYE, the UPDATE would not take place.Rosenberg Standards Track [Page 6]
RFC 3311 SIP UPDATE Method September 20026 Proxy Behavior Proxy processing of the UPDATE request is identical to any other non-INVITE request.7 Definition of the UPDATE method The semantics of the UPDATE method are described in detail above. This extension adds another value to the Method BNF described inRFC3261: UPDATEm = %x55.50.44.41.54.45 ; UPDATE in caps Method = INVITEm / ACKm / OPTIONSm / BYEm / CANCELm / REGISTERm / UPDATEm / extension-method Table 1 extends Table 2 ofRFC 3261 for the UPDATE method. Table 2 updates Table 3 ofRFC 3261 for the UPDATE method.8 Example Call Flow This section presents an example call flow using the UPDATE method. The flow is shown in Figure 1. The caller sends an initial INVITE (1) which contains an offer. The callee generates a 180 response (2) with an answer to that offer. With the completion of an offer/answer exchange, the session is established, although the dialog is still in the early state. The caller generates a PRACK (3) to acknowledge the 180, and the PRACK is answered with a 200 OK (4). The caller decides to update some aspect of the session - to put it on hold, for example. So, they generate an UPDATE request (5) with a new offer. This offer is answered in the 200 response to the UPDATE (6). Shortly thereafter, the callee decides to update some aspect of the session, so it generates an UPDATE request (7) with an offer, and the answer is sent in the 200 response (8). Finally, the callee answers the call, resulting in a 200 OK response to the INVITE (9), and then an ACK (10). Neither the 200 OK to the INVITE, nor the ACK, will contain SDP.Rosenberg Standards Track [Page 7]
RFC 3311 SIP UPDATE Method September 2002 Header field where proxy UPDATE ____________________________________________ Accept R o Accept 2xx o Accept 415 c Accept-Encoding R o Accept-Encoding 2xx o Accept-Encoding 415 c Accept-Language R o Accept-Language 2xx o Accept-Language 415 c Alert-Info - Allow R o Allow 2xx o Allow r o Allow 405 m Allow-Events (1) - Authentication-Info 2xx o Authorization R o Call-ID c r m Call-Info ar o Contact R m Contact 1xx o Contact 2xx m Contact 3xx d o Contact 485 o Content-Disposition o Content-Encoding o Content-Language o Content-Length ar t Content-Type * CSeq c r m Date a o Error-Info 300-699 a o Event (1) - Expires - From c r m In-Reply-To - Max-Forwards R amr m Min-Expires - MIME-Version o Organization ar o Table 1: Summary of header fields, A--O ; (1) defined in [5].Rosenberg Standards Track [Page 8]
RFC 3311 SIP UPDATE Method September 2002 Header field where proxy UPDATE ____________________________________________________ Priority - Proxy-Authenticate 407 ar m Proxy-Authenticate 401 ar o Proxy-Authorization R dr o Proxy-Require R ar o RAck R - Record-Route R ar o Record-Route 2xx,18x mr o Reply-To - Require ar c Retry-After 404,413,480,486 o 500,503 o 600,603 o Route R adr c RSeq - - Server r o Subject - - Subscription-State (1) - Supported R o Supported 2xx o Timestamp o To c r m Unsupported 420 m User-Agent o Via R amr m Via rc dr m Warning r o WWW-Authenticate 401 ar m WWW-Authenticate 407 ar o Table 2: Summary of header fields, P--Z.Rosenberg Standards Track [Page 9]
RFC 3311 SIP UPDATE Method September 2002 Caller Callee | | | | |(1) INVITE with offer 1 | |---------------------------->| | | | | |(2) 180 with answer 1 | |<----------------------------| | | | | |(3) PRACK | |---------------------------->| | | | | |(4) 200 PRACK | |<----------------------------| | | | | |(5) UPDATE with offer 2 | |---------------------------->| | | | | |(6) 200 UPDATE with answer 2 | |<----------------------------| | | | | |(7) UPDATE with offer 3 | |<----------------------------| | | | | |(8) 200 UPDATE with answer 3 | |---------------------------->| | | | | |(9) 200 INVITE | |<----------------------------| | | | | |(10) ACK | |---------------------------->| | | | | | | | | Figure 1: UPDATE Call FlowRosenberg Standards Track [Page 10]
RFC 3311 SIP UPDATE Method September 20029 Security Considerations The security considerations for UPDATE are identical to those for re-INVITE. It is important that the UPDATE be integrity protected and authenticated as coming from the same source as the entity on the other end of the dialog.RFC 3261 [1] discusses security mechanisms for achieving these functions.10 IANA Considerations As perSection 27.4 of RFC 3261 [1], this specification serves as a registration for the SIP UPDATE request method. The information to be added to the registry is:RFC 3311: This specification serves as the RFC for registering the UPDATE request method. Method Name: UPDATE Reason Phrase: Not applicable.11 Notice Regarding Intellectual Property Rights The IETF has been notified of intellectual property rights claimed in regard to some or all of the specification contained in this document. For more information consult the online list of claimed rights.12 Normative References [1] Rosenberg, J., Schulzrinne, H., Camarillo, G., Johnston, A., Peterson, J., Sparks, R., Handley, M. and E. Schooler, "SIP: Session Initiation Protocol",RFC 3261, June 2002. [2] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels",BCP 14,RFC 2119, March 1997. [3] Rosenberg, J. and H. Schulzrinne, "An Offer/Answer Model with the Session Description Protocol (SDP)",RFC 3264, June 2002. [4] Rosenberg, J. and H. Schulzrinne, "Reliability of Provisional Responses in the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)",RFC 3262, June 2002. [5] Roach, A.B., "Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)-Specific Event Notification",RFC 3265, June 2002.Rosenberg Standards Track [Page 11]
RFC 3311 SIP UPDATE Method September 200213 Acknowledgements The author would like to thank Jo Hornsby, Markus Isomaki, Rohan Mahy, and Bob Penfield for their comments.14 Author's Address Jonathan Rosenberg dynamicsoft 72 Eagle Rock Avenue First Floor East Hanover, NJ 07936 EMail: jdrosen@dynamicsoft.comRosenberg Standards Track [Page 12]
RFC 3311 SIP UPDATE Method September 200215 Full Copyright Statement Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2002). All Rights Reserved. This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are included on all such copies and derivative works. However, this document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than English. The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns. This document and the information contained herein is provided on an "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.Acknowledgement Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the Internet Society.Rosenberg Standards Track [Page 13]
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