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INFORMATIONAL
Network Working Group A. BiermanRequest for Comments: 2922 Cisco Systems, Inc.Category: Informational K. Jones Nortel Networks September 2000Physical Topology MIBStatus of this Memo This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.Copyright Notice Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2000). All Rights Reserved.Abstract This memo defines a portion of the Management Information Base (MIB) for use with network management protocols in the Internet community. In particular, it describes managed objects used for managing physical topology identification and discovery.Table of Contents1 The SNMP Network Management Framework ............................22 Overview .........................................................32.1 Terms ..........................................................32.2 Design Goals ...................................................53 Topology Framework ...............................................63.1 Devices and Topology Agents ....................................63.2 Topology Mechanisms ............................................73.3 Future Considerations ..........................................74 Physical Topology MIB ............................................74.1 Persistent Identifiers .........................................84.2 Relationship to Entity MIB .....................................84.3 Relationship to Interfaces MIB .................................94.4 Relationship to RMON-2 MIB .....................................94.5 Relationship to Bridge MIB .....................................94.6 Relationship to Repeater MIB ...................................94.7 MIB Structure .................................................104.7.1 ptopoData Group .............................................104.7.2 ptopoGeneral Group ..........................................104.7.3 ptopoConfig Group ...........................................104.8 Physical Topology MIB Definitions .............................10Bierman & Jones Informational [Page 1]
RFC 2922 Physical Topology MIB September 20005 Intellectual Property ...........................................276 Acknowledgements ................................................287 References ......................................................288 Security Considerations .........................................309 Authors' Addresses ..............................................3110 Full Copyright Statement .......................................321. The SNMP Network Management Framework The SNMP Management Framework presently consists of five major components: o An overall architecture, described inRFC 2571 [RFC2571]. o Mechanisms for describing and naming objects and events for the purpose of management. The first version of this Structure of Management Information (SMI) is called SMIv1 and described in STD 16,RFC 1155 [RFC1155], STD 16,RFC1212 [RFC1212] andRFC 1215 [RFC1215]. The second version, called SMIv2, is described in STD 58,RFC 2578 [RFC2578], STD 58,RFC 2579 [RFC2579] and STD 58,RFC 2580 [RFC2580]. o Message protocols for transferring management information. The first version of the SNMP message protocol is called SNMPv1 and described in STD 15,RFC 1157 [RFC1157]. A second version of the SNMP message protocol, which is not an Internet standards track protocol, is called SNMPv2c and described inRFC 1901 [RFC1901] andRFC 1906 [RFC1906]. The third version of the message protocol is called SNMPv3 and described inRFC 1906 [RFC1906],RFC 2572 [RFC2572] andRFC2574 [RFC2574]. o Protocol operations for accessing management information. The first set of protocol operations and associated PDU formats is described in STD 15,RFC 1157 [RFC1157]. A second set of protocol operations and associated PDU formats is described inRFC 1905 [RFC1905]. o A set of fundamental applications described inRFC 2573 [RFC2573] and the view-based access control mechanism described inRFC 2575 [RFC2575]. A more detailed introduction to the current SNMP Management Framework can be found inRFC 2570 [RFC2570]. Managed objects are accessed via a virtual information store, termed the Management Information Base or MIB. Objects in the MIB are defined using the mechanisms defined in the SMI.Bierman & Jones Informational [Page 2]
RFC 2922 Physical Topology MIB September 2000 This memo specifies a MIB module that is compliant to the SMIv2. A MIB conforming to the SMIv1 can be produced through the appropriate translations. The resulting translated MIB must be semantically equivalent, except where objects or events are omitted because no translation is possible (use of Counter64). Some machine readable information in SMIv2 will be converted into textual descriptions in SMIv1 during the translation process. However, this loss of machine readable information is not considered to change the semantics of the MIB.2. Overview There is a need for a standardized means of representing the physical network connections pertaining to a given management domain. The Physical Topology MIB (PTOPO-MIB) provides a standard way to identify connections between network ports and to discover network addresses of SNMP agents containing management information associated with each port. A topology mechanism is used to discover the information required by the PTOPO-MIB. There is a need for a standardized topology mechanism to increase the likelihood of multi-vendor interoperability of such physical topology management information. The PTOPO-MIB does not, however, specify or restrict the discovery mechanism(s) used for an implementation of the PTOPO-MIB. Topology mechanisms exist for certain media types (such as FDDI) and proprietary mechanisms exist for other media such as shared media Ethernet, switched Ethernet, and Token Ring. Rather than specifying mechanisms for each type of technology, the PTOPO-MIB allows co-existence of multiple topology mechanisms. The required objects of the PTOPO-MIB define the core requirements for any topology mechanism. The scope of the physical topology (PTOPO) mechanism is the identification of connections between two network ports. Network addresses of SNMP agents containing management information associated with each port can also be identified.2.1. Terms Some terms are used throughout this document: Physical Topology Physical topology represents the topology model for layer 1 of the OSI stack - the physical layer. Physical topology consists of identifying the devices on the network and how they are physically interconnected. By definition of this document, physical topology does not imply a physical relationship between ports on the same device. Other means exist forBierman & Jones Informational [Page 3]
RFC 2922 Physical Topology MIB September 2000 determining these relationships (e.g., Entity MIB [RFC2737]) exist for determining these relationships. Note that physical topology is independent of logical topology, which associates ports based on higher layer attributes, such as network layer address. Chassis A chassis is a physical component which contains other physical components. It is identified by an entPhysicalEntry with an entPhysicalClass value of 'chassis(3)' and an entPhysicalContainedIn value of zero. A chassis identifier consists of a globally unique SnmpAdminString. Local Chassis The particular chassis containing the SNMP agent implementing the PTOPO MIB. Port A port is a physical component which can be connected to another port through some medium. It is identified by an entPhysicalEntry with an entPhysicalClass value of 'port(10)'. A port identifier consists of an SnmpAdminString which must be unique within the context of the chassis which contains the port. Connection Endpoint A connection endpoint consists of a physical port, which is contained within a single physical chassis. Connection Endpoint Identifier A connection endpoint is identified by a globally unique chassis identifier and a port identifier unique within the associated chassis. Connection A connection consists of two physical ports, and the attached physical medium, configured for the purpose of transferring network traffic between the ports. A connection is identified by its endpoint identifiers. Non-local Connection A connection for which neither endpoint is located on the local chassis.Bierman & Jones Informational [Page 4]
RFC 2922 Physical Topology MIB September 2000 Cloud A cloud identifies a portion of the topology for which insufficient information is known to completely infer the interconnection of devices that make up that portion of the topology.2.2. Design Goals Several factors influenced the design of this physical topology function: - Simplicity The physical topology discovery function should be as simple as possible, exposing only the information needed to identify connection endpoints and the SNMP agent(s) associated with each connection endpoint. - Completeness At least one standard discovery protocol capable of supporting the standard physical topology MIB must be defined. Multi- vendor interoperability will not be achievable unless a simple and extensible discovery protocol is available. However, the PTOPO MIB should not specify or restrict the topology discovery mechanisms an agent can use. - No Functional Overlap Existing standard MIBs should be utilized whenever possible. Physical topology information is tightly coupled to functionality found in the Interfaces MIB [RFC2233] and Entity MIB [RFC2737]. New physical topology MIB objects should not duplicate these MIBs. - Identifier Stability Connection endpoint identifiers must be persistent (i.e. stable across device reboots). Dynamic primary key objects like ifIndex and entPhysicalIndex are not suitable for table indices in a physical topology MIB that is replicated and distributed throughout a managed system. - Identifier Flexibility Persistent string-based component identifiers should be supported from many sources. Chassis identifiers may be found in the Entity MIB [RFC2737], and port identifiers may be found in the Interfaces MIB [RFC2233] or Entity MIB [RFC2737].Bierman & Jones Informational [Page 5]
RFC 2922 Physical Topology MIB September 2000 - Partial Topology Support Physical topology data for remote components may only be partially available to an agent. An enumerated INTEGER hierarchy of component identifier types allows for incomplete physical connection identifier information to be substituted with secondary information such as unicast source MAC address or network address associated with a particular port. A PTOPO Agent maintains information derived from the 'best' source of information for each connection. If a 'better' identifier source is detected, the PTOPO entries are updated accordingly. It is an implementation specific matter whether a PTOPO agent replaces 'old' entries or retains them, however an agent must remove information known to be incorrect. - Low Polling Impact Physical topology polling should be minimized through techniques such as TimeFiltered data tables (from RMON-2 [RFC2021]), and last-change notifications.3. Topology Framework This section describes the physical topology framework in detail.3.1. Devices and Topology Agents The network devices, along with their physical connectivity, make up the physical topology. Some of these devices (but maybe not all) provide management agents that report their local physical topology information to a manager via the physical topology MIB. These devices include communication infrastructure devices, such as hubs, switches, and routers, as well as 'leaf' devices such as workstations, printers, and servers. Generally, user data passes through infrastructure devices while leaf devices are sources and sinks of data. Both types of devices may implement the physical topology MIB, although implementation within leaf devices is much less critical. Each managed device collects physical topology information from the network, based on the topology mechanism(s) it is configured to use. The data represents this agent's local view of the physical network. Part of the topology data collected must include the identification of other local agents which may contain additional topology information. The definition of 'local' varies based on the topology mechanism or mechanisms being used.Bierman & Jones Informational [Page 6]
RFC 2922 Physical Topology MIB September 20003.2. Topology Mechanisms A topology mechanism is a means, possibly requiring some sort of protocol, by which devices determine topology information. The topology mechanism must provide sufficient information to populate the MIB described later in this document. Topology mechanisms can be active or passive. Active mechanisms require a device to send and receive topology protocol packets. These packets provide the device ID of the source of the packet and may also indicate out which port the packet was transmitted. When receiving these packets, devices typically are required to identify on which port that packet was received. Passive mechanisms take advantage of data on the network to populate the topology MIB. By maintaining a list of device identifiers seen on each port of all devices in a network, it is possible to populate the PTOPO-MIB. Many instances of a particular topology mechanism may be in use on a given network, and many different mechanisms may be employed. In some cases, multiple mechanisms may overlap across part of the physical topology with individual ports supporting more than one topology mechanism. In general, this simply allows the port to collect more robust topology information. Agents may need to be configured so that they know which mechanism(s) are in use on any given portion of the network. Most topology mechanisms need to be bounded to a subset of the network to contain their impact on the network and limit the size of topology tables maintained by the agent. Topology mechanisms are often naturally bounded by the media on which they run (e.g. FDDI topology mechanism) or by routers in the network that intentionally block the mechanism from crossing into other parts of the network.3.3. Future Considerations While the framework presented here is focused on physical topology, it may well be that the topology mechanisms and MIB described could be extended to include logical topology information as well. That is not a focus of this memo.4. Physical Topology MIB This section describes and defines the Physical Topology MIB.Bierman & Jones Informational [Page 7]
RFC 2922 Physical Topology MIB September 20004.1. Persistent Identifiers The PTOPO MIB utilizes non-volatile identifiers to distinguish individual chassis and port components. These identifiers are associated with external objects in order to relate topology information to the existing managed objects. In particular, an object from the Entity MIB [RFC2737] or Interfaces MIB [RFC2233] can be used as the 'reference-point' for a connection component identifier. The Physical Topology MIB uses two identifier types pertaining to the PTOPO MIB: - globally unique chassis identifiers. - port identifiers; unique only within the chassis which contains the port. Identifiers are stored as OCTET STRINGs, which are limited to 32 bytes in length, This supports flexible naming conventions and constrains the non-volatile storage requirements for an agent.4.2. Relationship to Entity MIB The first version of the Entity MIB [RFC2037] allows the physical component inventory and hierarchy to be identified. However, this MIB does not provide persistent component identifiers, which are required for the PTOPO MIB. Therefore, version 2 of the Entity MIB [RFC2737] is required to support that feature. Specifically, the entPhysicalAlias object is utilized as a persistent chassis identifier. For agents implementing the PTOPO MIB, this new object must be used to represent the chassis identifier. Port identifiers can be based on the entPhysicalAlias object associated with the port, but only if the port is not represented as an interface in the ifXTable. Implementation of the entPhysicalGroup [RFC2737] and the entPhysicalAlias object [RFC2737] are mandatory for SNMP agents which implement the PTOPO MIB. No other objects must be implemented from these MIBs to support the physical topology function.Bierman & Jones Informational [Page 8]
RFC 2922 Physical Topology MIB September 20004.3. Relationship to Interfaces MIB The PTOPO MIB requires a persistent identifier for each port. The Interfaces MIB [RFC2233] provides a standard mechanism for managing network interfaces. Unfortunately, not all ports which may be represented in the PTOPO MIB are also represented in the Interfaces MIB (e.g., repeater ports). For agents which implement the PTOPO MIB, for each port also represented in the Interfaces MIB, the agent must use the associated ifAlias value for the port identifier. For each port not represented in the Interfaces MIB, the associated entPhysicalAlias value must be used for the port identifier. Note that the PTOPO MIB requires only minimal support from the Interfaces MIB. Specifically, the ' ifGeneralInformationGroup' level of conformance must be provided for each port also identified in the PTOPO MIB. The agent may choose to support these objects with read-only access, as specified in the conformance section of the Interfaces MIB.4.4. Relationship to RMON-2 MIB The RMON-2 MIB [RFC2021] contains address mapping information which can be integrated with physical topology information. The physical ports identified in a physical topology MIB can be related to the MAC and network layer addresses found in the addressMapTable.4.5. Relationship to Bridge MIB The Bridge MIB [RFC1493] contains information which may relate to physical ports represented in the ptopoConnTable. Entries in the dot1dBasePortTable and dot1dStpPortTable can by related to physical ports represented in the PTOPO MIB. Also, bridge port MAC addresses may be used as chassis and port identifiers in some situations.4.6. Relationship to Repeater MIB The Repeater MIB [RFC2108] contains information which may relate to physical ports represented in the PTOPO MIB. Entries in the rptrPortTable and rptrMonitorPortTable can by related to physical ports represented in the ptopoConnTable. Entries in the rptrInfoTable and rptrMonTable can be related to repeater backplanes possibly represented in the ptopoConnTable.Bierman & Jones Informational [Page 9]
RFC 2922 Physical Topology MIB September 20004.7. MIB Structure The PTOPO MIB contains three MIB object groups: - ptopoData Exposes physical topology data learned from discovery protocols and/or manual configuration. - ptopoGeneral Contains general information regarding PTOPO MIB status. - ptopoConfig Contains configuration variables for the PTOPO MIB agent function.4.7.1. ptopoData Group This group contains a single table to identity physical topology data. The ptopoConnTable contains information about the connections learned or configured on behalf of the PTOPO MIB SNMP Agent.4.7.2. ptopoGeneral Group This group contains some scalar objects to report the status of the PTOPO MIB information currently known to the SNMP Agent. The global last change time, and table add and delete counters allow an NMS to set threshold alarms to trigger PTOPO polling.4.7.3. ptopoConfig Group This group contains tables to configure the behavior of the physical topology function. The transmission of ptopoLastChange notifications can be configured using the ptopoConfigTrapInterval scalar MIB object.4.8. Physical Topology MIB DefinitionsPTOPO-MIB DEFINITIONS ::= BEGINIMPORTS MODULE-IDENTITY, OBJECT-TYPE, NOTIFICATION-TYPE, Integer32, Counter32, mib-2 FROM SNMPv2-SMI TEXTUAL-CONVENTION, AutonomousType, RowStatus, TimeStamp, TruthValue FROM SNMPv2-TC MODULE-COMPLIANCE, OBJECT-GROUP, NOTIFICATION-GROUPBierman & Jones Informational [Page 10]
RFC 2922 Physical Topology MIB September 2000 FROM SNMPv2-CONF TimeFilter FROM RMON2-MIB PhysicalIndex FROM ENTITY-MIB AddressFamilyNumbers FROM IANA-ADDRESS-FAMILY-NUMBERS-MIB;ptopoMIB MODULE-IDENTITY LAST-UPDATED "200009210000Z" ORGANIZATION "IETF; PTOPOMIB Working Group" CONTACT-INFO "PTOPOMIB WG Discussion: ptopo@3com.com Subscription: majordomo@3com.com msg body: [un]subscribe ptopomib Andy Bierman Cisco Systems Inc. 170 West Tasman Drive San Jose, CA 95134 408-527-3711 abierman@cisco.com Kendall S. Jones Nortel Networks 4401 Great America Parkway Santa Clara, CA 95054 408-495-7356 kejones@nortelnetworks.com" DESCRIPTION "The MIB module for physical topology information." REVISION "200009210000Z" DESCRIPTION "Initial Version of the Physical Topology MIB. This version published asRFC 2922." ::= { mib-2 79 }ptopoMIBObjects OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { ptopoMIB 1 }-- MIB groupsptopoData OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { ptopoMIBObjects 1 }ptopoGeneral OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { ptopoMIBObjects 2 }ptopoConfig OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { ptopoMIBObjects 3 }-- textual conventionsBierman & Jones Informational [Page 11]
RFC 2922 Physical Topology MIB September 2000PtopoGenAddr ::= TEXTUAL-CONVENTION STATUS current DESCRIPTION "The value of an address." SYNTAX OCTET STRING (SIZE (0..20))PtopoChassisIdType ::= TEXTUAL-CONVENTION STATUS current DESCRIPTION "This TC describes the source of a chassis identifier. The enumeration 'chasIdEntPhysicalAlias(1)' represents a chassis identifier based on the value of entPhysicalAlias for a chassis component (i.e., an entPhysicalClass value of 'chassis(3)'). The enumeration 'chasIdIfAlias(2)' represents a chassis identifier based on the value of ifAlias for an interface on the containing chassis. The enumeration 'chasIdPortEntPhysicalAlias(3)' represents a chassis identifier based on the value of entPhysicalAlias for a port or backplane component (i.e., entPhysicalClass value of 'port(10)' or 'backplane(4)'), within the containing chassis. The enumeration 'chasIdMacAddress(4)' represents a chassis identifier based on the value of a unicast source MAC address (encoded in network byte order and IEEE 802.3 canonical bit order), of a port on the containing chassis. The enumeration 'chasIdPtopoGenAddr(5)' represents a chassis identifier based on a network address, associated with a particular chassis. The encoded address is actually composed of two fields. The first field is a single octet, representing the IANA AddressFamilyNumbers value for the specific address type, and the second field is the PtopoGenAddr address value." SYNTAX INTEGER { chasIdEntPhysicalAlias(1), chasIdIfAlias(2), chasIdPortEntPhysicalAlias(3), chasIdMacAddress(4), chasIdPtopoGenAddr(5) }PtopoChassisId ::= TEXTUAL-CONVENTION STATUS currentBierman & Jones Informational [Page 12]
RFC 2922 Physical Topology MIB September 2000 DESCRIPTION "This TC describes the format of a chassis identifier string. Objects of this type are always used with an associated PtopoChassisIdType object, which identifies the format of the particular PtopoChassisId object instance. If the associated PtopoChassisIdType object has a value of 'chasIdEntPhysicalAlias(1)', then the octet string identifies a particular instance of the entPhysicalAlias object for a chassis component (i.e., an entPhysicalClass value of 'chassis(3)'). If the associated PtopoChassisIdType object has a value of 'chasIdIfAlias(2)', then the octet string identifies a particular instance of the ifAlias object for an interface on the containing chassis. If the associated PtopoChassisIdType object has a value of 'chasIdPortEntPhysicalAlias(3)', then the octet string identifies a particular instance of the entPhysicalAlias object for a port or backplane component within the containing chassis. If the associated PtopoChassisIdType object has a value of 'chasIdMacAddress(4)', then this string identifies a particular unicast source MAC address (encoded in network byte order and IEEE 802.3 canonical bit order), of a port on the containing chassis. If the associated PtopoChassisIdType object has a value of 'chasIdPtopoGenAddr(5)', then this string identifies a particular network address, encoded in network byte order, associated with one or more ports on the containing chassis. The first octet contains the IANA Address Family Numbers enumeration value for the specific address type, and octets 2 through N contain the PtopoGenAddr address value in network byte order." SYNTAX OCTET STRING (SIZE (1..32))PtopoPortIdType ::= TEXTUAL-CONVENTION STATUS current DESCRIPTION "This TC describes the source of a particular type of port identifier used in the PTOPO MIB. The enumeration 'portIdIfAlias(1)' represents a port identifier based on the ifAlias MIB object.Bierman & Jones Informational [Page 13]
RFC 2922 Physical Topology MIB September 2000 The enumeration 'portIdPortEntPhysicalAlias(2)' represents a port identifier based on the value of entPhysicalAlias for a port or backplane component (i.e., entPhysicalClass value of 'port(10)' or 'backplane(4)'), within the containing chassis. The enumeration 'portIdMacAddr(3)' represents a port identifier based on a unicast source MAC address, which has been detected by the agent and associated with a particular port. The enumeration 'portIdPtopoGenAddr(4)' represents a port identifier based on a network address, detected by the agent and associated with a particular port." SYNTAX INTEGER { portIdIfAlias(1), portIdEntPhysicalAlias(2), portIdMacAddr(3), portIdPtopoGenAddr(4) }PtopoPortId ::= TEXTUAL-CONVENTION STATUS current DESCRIPTION "This TC describes the format of a port identifier string. Objects of this type are always used with an associated PtopoPortIdType object, which identifies the format of the particular PtopoPortId object instance. If the associated PtopoPortIdType object has a value of 'portIdIfAlias(1)', then the octet string identifies a particular instance of the ifAlias object. If the associated PtopoPortIdType object has a value of 'portIdEntPhysicalAlias(2)', then the octet string identifies a particular instance of the entPhysicalAlias object for a port component (i.e., entPhysicalClass value of 'port(10)'). If the associated PtopoPortIdType object has a value of 'portIdMacAddr(3)', then this string identifies a particular unicast source MAC address associated with the port. If the associated PtopoPortIdType object has a value of 'portIdPtopoGenAddr(4)', then this string identifies a network address associated with the port. The first octet contains the IANA AddressFamilyNumbers enumeration value for the specific address type, and octets 2 through N containBierman & Jones Informational [Page 14]
RFC 2922 Physical Topology MIB September 2000 the PtopoGenAddr address value in network byte order." SYNTAX OCTET STRING (SIZE (1..32))PtopoAddrSeenState ::= TEXTUAL-CONVENTION STATUS current DESCRIPTION "This TC describes the state of address detection for a particular type of port identifier used in the PTOPO MIB. The enumeration 'notUsed(1)' represents an entry for which the particular MIB object is not applicable to the remote connection endpoint, The enumeration 'unknown(2)' represents an entry for which the particular address collection state is not known. The enumeration 'oneAddr(3)' represents an entry for which exactly one source address (of the type indicated by the particular MIB object), has been detected. The enumeration 'multiAddr(4)' represents an entry for which more than one source address (of the type indicated by the particular MIB object), has been detected. An agent is expected to set the initial state of the PtopoAddrSeenState to 'notUsed(1)' or 'unknown(2)'. Note that the PTOPO MIB does not restrict or specify the means in which the PtopoAddrSeenState is known to an agent. In particular, an agent may detect this information through configuration data, or some means other than directly monitoring all port traffic." SYNTAX INTEGER { notUsed(1), unknown(2), oneAddr(3), multiAddr(4) }-- ***********************************************************---- P T O P O D A T A G R O U P---- ***********************************************************-- Connection TableBierman & Jones Informational [Page 15]
RFC 2922 Physical Topology MIB September 2000ptopoConnTable OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX SEQUENCE OF PtopoConnEntry MAX-ACCESS not-accessible STATUS current DESCRIPTION "This table contains one or more rows per physical network connection known to this agent. The agent may wish to ensure that only one ptopoConnEntry is present for each local port, or it may choose to maintain multiple ptopoConnEntries for the same local port. Entries based on lower numbered identifier types are preferred over higher numbered identifier types, i.e., lower values of the ptopoConnRemoteChassisType and ptopoConnRemotePortType objects." ::= { ptopoData 1 }ptopoConnEntry OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX PtopoConnEntry MAX-ACCESS not-accessible STATUS current DESCRIPTION "Information about a particular physical network connection. Entries may be created and deleted in this table, either manually or by the agent, if a physical topology discovery process is active." INDEX { ptopoConnTimeMark, ptopoConnLocalChassis, ptopoConnLocalPort, ptopoConnIndex } ::= { ptopoConnTable 1 }PtopoConnEntry ::= SEQUENCE { ptopoConnTimeMark TimeFilter, ptopoConnLocalChassis PhysicalIndex, ptopoConnLocalPort PhysicalIndex, ptopoConnIndex Integer32, ptopoConnRemoteChassisType PtopoChassisIdType, ptopoConnRemoteChassis PtopoChassisId, ptopoConnRemotePortType PtopoPortIdType, ptopoConnRemotePort PtopoPortId, ptopoConnDiscAlgorithm AutonomousType, ptopoConnAgentNetAddrType AddressFamilyNumbers, ptopoConnAgentNetAddr PtopoGenAddr, ptopoConnMultiMacSASeen PtopoAddrSeenState, ptopoConnMultiNetSASeen PtopoAddrSeenState,Bierman & Jones Informational [Page 16]
RFC 2922 Physical Topology MIB September 2000 ptopoConnIsStatic TruthValue, ptopoConnLastVerifyTime TimeStamp, ptopoConnRowStatus RowStatus}ptopoConnTimeMark OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX TimeFilter MAX-ACCESS not-accessible STATUS current DESCRIPTION "A TimeFilter for this entry. See the TimeFilter textual convention inRFC 2021 to see how this works." ::= { ptopoConnEntry 1 }ptopoConnLocalChassis OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX PhysicalIndex MAX-ACCESS not-accessible STATUS current DESCRIPTION "The entPhysicalIndex value used to identify the chassis component associated with the local connection endpoint." ::= { ptopoConnEntry 2 }ptopoConnLocalPort OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX PhysicalIndex MAX-ACCESS not-accessible STATUS current DESCRIPTION "The entPhysicalIndex value used to identify the port component associated with the local connection endpoint." ::= { ptopoConnEntry 3 }ptopoConnIndex OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX Integer32 (1..2147483647) MAX-ACCESS not-accessible STATUS current DESCRIPTION "This object represents an arbitrary local integer value used by this agent to identify a particular connection instance, unique only for the indicated local connection endpoint. A particular ptopoConnIndex value may be reused in the event an entry is aged out and later re-learned with the same (or different) remote chassis and port identifiers. An agent is encouraged to assign monotonically increasing index values to new entries, starting with one, after eachBierman & Jones Informational [Page 17]
RFC 2922 Physical Topology MIB September 2000 reboot. It is considered unlikely that the ptopoConnIndex will wrap between reboots." ::= { ptopoConnEntry 4 }ptopoConnRemoteChassisType OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX PtopoChassisIdType MAX-ACCESS read-create STATUS current DESCRIPTION "The type of encoding used to identify the chassis associated with the remote connection endpoint. This object may not be modified if the associated ptopoConnRowStatus object has a value of active(1)." ::= { ptopoConnEntry 5 }ptopoConnRemoteChassis OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX PtopoChassisId MAX-ACCESS read-create STATUS current DESCRIPTION "The string value used to identify the chassis component associated with the remote connection endpoint. This object may not be modified if the associated ptopoConnRowStatus object has a value of active(1)." ::= { ptopoConnEntry 6 }ptopoConnRemotePortType OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX PtopoPortIdType MAX-ACCESS read-create STATUS current DESCRIPTION "The type of port identifier encoding used in the associated 'ptopoConnRemotePort' object. This object may not be modified if the associated ptopoConnRowStatus object has a value of active(1)." ::= { ptopoConnEntry 7 }ptopoConnRemotePort OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX PtopoPortId MAX-ACCESS read-create STATUS current DESCRIPTION "The string value used to identify the port component associated with the remote connection endpoint.Bierman & Jones Informational [Page 18]
RFC 2922 Physical Topology MIB September 2000 This object may not be modified if the associated ptopoConnRowStatus object has a value of active(1)." ::= { ptopoConnEntry 8 }ptopoConnDiscAlgorithm OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX AutonomousType MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION "An indication of the algorithm used to discover the information contained in this conceptual row. A value of ptopoDiscoveryLocal indicates this entry was configured by the local agent, without use of a discovery protocol. A value of { 0 0 } indicates this entry was created manually by an NMS via the associated RowStatus object. " ::= { ptopoConnEntry 9 }ptopoConnAgentNetAddrType OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX AddressFamilyNumbers MAX-ACCESS read-create STATUS current DESCRIPTION "This network address type of the associated ptopoConnNetAddr object, unless that object contains a zero length string. In such a case, an NMS application should ignore any returned value for this object. This object may not be modified if the associated ptopoConnRowStatus object has a value of active(1)." ::= { ptopoConnEntry 10 }ptopoConnAgentNetAddr OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX PtopoGenAddr MAX-ACCESS read-create STATUS current DESCRIPTION "This object identifies a network address which may be used to reach an SNMP agent entity containing information for the chassis and port components represented by the associated 'ptopoConnRemoteChassis' and 'ptopoConnRemotePort' objects. If no such address is known, then this object shall contain an empty string. This object may not be modified if the associated ptopoConnRowStatus object has a value of active(1)."Bierman & Jones Informational [Page 19]
RFC 2922 Physical Topology MIB September 2000 ::= { ptopoConnEntry 11 }ptopoConnMultiMacSASeen OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX PtopoAddrSeenState MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION "This object indicates if multiple unicast source MAC addresses have been detected by the agent from the remote connection endpoint, since the creation of this entry. If this entry has an associated ptopoConnRemoteChassisType and/or ptopoConnRemotePortType value other than 'portIdMacAddr(3)', then the value 'notUsed(1)' is returned. Otherwise, one of the following conditions must be true: If the agent has not yet detected any unicast source MAC addresses from the remote port, then the value 'unknown(2)' is returned. If the agent has detected exactly one unicast source MAC address from the remote port, then the value 'oneAddr(3)' is returned. If the agent has detected more than one unicast source MAC address from the remote port, then the value 'multiAddr(4)' is returned." ::= { ptopoConnEntry 12 }ptopoConnMultiNetSASeen OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX PtopoAddrSeenState MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION "This object indicates if multiple network layer source addresses have been detected by the agent from the remote connection endpoint, since the creation of this entry. If this entry has an associated ptopoConnRemoteChassisType or ptopoConnRemotePortType value other than 'portIdGenAddr(4)' then the value 'notUsed(1)' is returned. Otherwise, one of the following conditions must be true: If the agent has not yet detected any network source addresses of the appropriate type from the remote port, then the value 'unknown(2)' is returned.Bierman & Jones Informational [Page 20]
RFC 2922 Physical Topology MIB September 2000 If the agent has detected exactly one network source address of the appropriate type from the remote port, then the value 'oneAddr(3)' is returned. If the agent has detected more than one network source address (of the same appropriate type) from the remote port, this the value 'multiAddr(4)' is returned." ::= { ptopoConnEntry 13 }ptopoConnIsStatic OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX TruthValue MAX-ACCESS read-create STATUS current DESCRIPTION "This object identifies static ptopoConnEntries. If this object has the value 'true(1)', then this entry is not subject to any age-out mechanisms implemented by the agent. If this object has the value 'false(2)', then this entry is subject to all age-out mechanisms implemented by the agent. This object may not be modified if the associated ptopoConnRowStatus object has a value of active(1)." DEFVAL { false } ::= { ptopoConnEntry 14 }ptopoConnLastVerifyTime OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX TimeStamp MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION "If the associated value of ptopoConnIsStatic is equal to 'false(2)', then this object contains the value of sysUpTime at the time the conceptual row was last verified by the agent, e.g., via reception of a topology protocol message, pertaining to the associated remote chassis and port. If the associated value of ptopoConnIsStatic is equal to 'true(1)', then this object shall contain the value of sysUpTime at the time this entry was last activated (i.e., ptopoConnRowStatus set to 'active(1)')." ::= { ptopoConnEntry 15 }ptopoConnRowStatus OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX RowStatus MAX-ACCESS read-create STATUS current DESCRIPTIONBierman & Jones Informational [Page 21]
RFC 2922 Physical Topology MIB September 2000 "The status of this conceptual row." ::= { ptopoConnEntry 16 }-- ***********************************************************---- P T O P O G E N E R A L G R O U P---- ***********************************************************-- last change time stamp for the whole MIBptopoLastChangeTime OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX TimeStamp MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION "The value of sysUpTime at the time a conceptual row is created, modified, or deleted in the ptopoConnTable. An NMS can use this object to reduce polling of the ptopoData group objects." ::= { ptopoGeneral 1 }ptopoConnTabInserts OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX Counter32 UNITS "table entries" MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION "The number of times an entry has been inserted into the ptopoConnTable." ::= { ptopoGeneral 2 }ptopoConnTabDeletes OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX Counter32 UNITS "table entries" MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION "The number of times an entry has been deleted from the ptopoConnTable." ::= { ptopoGeneral 3 }ptopoConnTabDrops OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX Counter32 UNITS "table entries" MAX-ACCESS read-onlyBierman & Jones Informational [Page 22]
RFC 2922 Physical Topology MIB September 2000 STATUS current DESCRIPTION "The number of times an entry would have been added to the ptopoConnTable, (e.g., via information learned from a topology protocol), but was not because of insufficient resources." ::= { ptopoGeneral 4 }ptopoConnTabAgeouts OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX Counter32 MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION "The number of times an entry has been deleted from the ptopoConnTable because the information timeliness interval for that entry has expired." ::= { ptopoGeneral 5 }-- ***********************************************************---- P T O P O C O N F I G G R O U P---- ***********************************************************ptopoConfigTrapInterval OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX Integer32 (0 | 5..3600) UNITS "seconds" MAX-ACCESS read-write STATUS current DESCRIPTION "This object controls the transmission of PTOPO notifications. If this object has a value of zero, then no ptopoConfigChange notifications will be transmitted by the agent. If this object has a non-zero value, then the agent must not generate more than one ptopoConfigChange trap-event in the indicated period, where a 'trap-event' is the transmission of a single notification PDU type to a list of notification destinations. If additional configuration changes occur within the indicated throttling period, then these trap- events must be suppressed by the agent. An NMS should periodically check the value of ptopoLastChangeTime to detect any missed ptopoConfigChange trap-events, e.g. due to throttling or transmission loss.Bierman & Jones Informational [Page 23]
RFC 2922 Physical Topology MIB September 2000 If notification transmission is enabled, the suggested default throttling period is 60 seconds, but transmission should be disabled by default. If the agent is capable of storing non-volatile configuration, then the value of this object must be restored after a re-initialization of the management system." DEFVAL { 0 } ::= { ptopoConfig 1 }ptopoConfigMaxHoldTime OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX Integer32 (1..2147483647) UNITS "seconds" MAX-ACCESS read-write STATUS current DESCRIPTION "This object specifies the desired time interval for which an agent will maintain dynamic ptopoConnEntries. After the specified number of seconds since the last time an entry was verified, in the absence of new verification (e.g., receipt of a topology protocol message), the agent shall remove the entry. Note that entries may not always be removed immediately, but may possibly be removed at periodic garbage collection intervals. This object only affects dynamic ptopoConnEntries, i.e. for which ptopoConnIsStatic equals 'false(2)'. Static entries are not aged out. Note that dynamic ptopoConnEntries may also be removed by the agent due to the expired timeliness of learned topology information (e.g., timeliness interval for a remote port expires). The actual age-out interval for a given entry is defined by the following formula: age-out-time = min(ptopoConfigMaxHoldTime, <entry-specific hold-time>) where <entry-specific hold-time> is determined by the discovery algorithm, and may be different for each entry." DEFVAL { 300 } ::= { ptopoConfig 2 }-- PTOPO MIB Notification DefinitionsptopoMIBNotifications OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { ptopoMIB 2 }ptopoMIBTrapPrefix OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::=Bierman & Jones Informational [Page 24]
RFC 2922 Physical Topology MIB September 2000 { ptopoMIBNotifications 0 }ptopoConfigChange NOTIFICATION-TYPE OBJECTS { ptopoConnTabInserts, ptopoConnTabDeletes, ptopoConnTabDrops, ptopoConnTabAgeouts } STATUS current DESCRIPTION "A ptopoConfigChange notification is sent when the value of ptopoLastChangeTime changes. It can be utilized by an NMS to trigger physical topology table maintenance polls. Note that transmission of ptopoConfigChange notifications are throttled by the agent, as specified by the 'ptopoConfigTrapInterval' object." ::= { ptopoMIBTrapPrefix 1 }-- PTOPO Registration PointsptopoRegistrationPoints OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { ptopoMIB 3 }-- values used with ptopoConnDiscAlgorithm objectptopoDiscoveryMechanisms OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { ptopoRegistrationPoints 1 }ptopoDiscoveryLocal OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { ptopoDiscoveryMechanisms 1 }-- conformance informationptopoConformance OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { ptopoMIB 4 }ptopoCompliances OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { ptopoConformance 1 }ptopoGroups OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { ptopoConformance 2 }-- compliance statementsptopoCompliance MODULE-COMPLIANCE STATUS current DESCRIPTION "The compliance statement for SNMP entities which implement the PTOPO MIB." MODULE -- this module MANDATORY-GROUPS { ptopoDataGroup,Bierman & Jones Informational [Page 25]
RFC 2922 Physical Topology MIB September 2000 ptopoGeneralGroup, ptopoConfigGroup, ptopoNotificationsGroup } ::= { ptopoCompliances 1 }-- MIB groupingsptopoDataGroup OBJECT-GROUP OBJECTS { ptopoConnRemoteChassisType, ptopoConnRemoteChassis, ptopoConnRemotePortType, ptopoConnRemotePort, ptopoConnDiscAlgorithm, ptopoConnAgentNetAddrType, ptopoConnAgentNetAddr, ptopoConnMultiMacSASeen, ptopoConnMultiNetSASeen, ptopoConnIsStatic, ptopoConnLastVerifyTime, ptopoConnRowStatus } STATUS current DESCRIPTION "The collection of objects which are used to represent physical topology information for which a single agent provides management information. This group is mandatory for all implementations of the PTOPO MIB." ::= { ptopoGroups 1 }ptopoGeneralGroup OBJECT-GROUP OBJECTS { ptopoLastChangeTime, ptopoConnTabInserts, ptopoConnTabDeletes, ptopoConnTabDrops, ptopoConnTabAgeouts } STATUS current DESCRIPTION "The collection of objects which are used to report the general status of the PTOPO MIB implementation. This group is mandatory for all agents which implement the PTOPO MIB." ::= { ptopoGroups 2 }Bierman & Jones Informational [Page 26]
RFC 2922 Physical Topology MIB September 2000ptopoConfigGroup OBJECT-GROUP OBJECTS { ptopoConfigTrapInterval, ptopoConfigMaxHoldTime } STATUS current DESCRIPTION "The collection of objects which are used to configure the PTOPO MIB implementation behavior. This group is mandatory for agents which implement the PTOPO MIB." ::= { ptopoGroups 3 }ptopoNotificationsGroup NOTIFICATION-GROUP NOTIFICATIONS { ptopoConfigChange } STATUS current DESCRIPTION "The collection of notifications used to indicate PTOPO MIB data consistency and general status information. This group is mandatory for agents which implement the PTOPO MIB." ::= { ptopoGroups 4 }END5. Intellectual Property The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any intellectual property or other rights that might be claimed to pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described in this document or the extent to which any license under such rights might or might not be available; neither does it represent that it has made any effort to identify any such rights. Information on the IETF's procedures with respect to rights in standards-track and standards-related documentation can be found inBCP-11. Copies of claims of rights made available for publication and any assurances of licenses to be made available, or the result of an attempt made to obtain a general license or permission for the use of such proprietary rights by implementors or users of this specification can be obtained from the IETF Secretariat. The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any copyrights, patents or patent applications, or other proprietary rights which may cover technology that may be required to practiceBierman & Jones Informational [Page 27]
RFC 2922 Physical Topology MIB September 2000 this standard. Please address the information to the IETF Executive Director. The IETF has been notified of intellectual property rights claimed in regard to some or all of the specification contained in this document. For more information consult the online list of claimed rights.6. Acknowledgements The PTOPO Discovery Protocol is a product of the IETF PTOPOMIB Working Group.7. References [RFC1155] Rose, M. and K. McCloghrie, "Structure and Identification of Management Information for TCP/IP-based Internets", STD 16,RFC 1155, May 1990. [RFC1157] Case, J., Fedor, M., Schoffstall, M. and J. Davin, "Simple Network Management Protocol", STD 15,RFC 1157, May 1990. [RFC1212] Rose, M. and K. McCloghrie, "Concise MIB Definitions", STD 16,RFC 1212, March 1991. [RFC1215] Rose, M., "A Convention for Defining Traps for use with the SNMP",RFC 1215, March 1991. [RFC1493] Decker, E., Langille, P., Rijsinghani, A. and K. McCloghrie, "Definitions of Managed Objects for Bridges",RFC 1493, July 1993. [RFC1700] Reynolds, J. and J. Postel, "Assigned Numbers", STD 2,RFC 1700, October 1994. [RFC1901] Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M. and S. Waldbusser, "Introduction to Community-based SNMPv2", January 1996. [RFC1902] Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M. and S. Waldbusser, "Structure of Management Information for version 2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2)",RFC 1902, January 1996. [RFC1903] Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M. and S. Waldbusser, "Textual Conventions for version 2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2)",RFC 1903, January 1996.Bierman & Jones Informational [Page 28]
RFC 2922 Physical Topology MIB September 2000 [RFC1904] Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M. and S. Waldbusser, "Conformance Statements for version 2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2)",RFC 1904, January 1996. [RFC1905] Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M. and S. Waldbusser, "Protocol Operations for Version 2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2)",RFC 1905, January 1996. [RFC1906] Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M. and S. Waldbusser, "Transport Mappings for Version 2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2)",RFC 1906, January 1996. [RFC2021] Waldbusser, S., "Remote Network Monitoring MIB (RMON-2)",RFC 2021, January 1997. [RFC2037] McCloghrie, K. and A. Bierman, "Entity MIB using SMIv2",RFC 2037, October 1996. [RFC2108] de Graaf, K., Romascanu, D., McMaster, D. and K. McCloghrie, "Definitions of Managed Objects for IEEE 802.3 Repeater Devices using SMIv2",RFC 2108, February 1997. [RFC2233] McCloghrie, K. and F. Kastenholtz, "The Interfaces Group MIB using SMIv2",RFC 2233, November 1997. [RFC2570] Case, J., Mundy, R., Partain, D. and B. Stewart, "Introduction to Version 3 of the Internet-standard Network Management Framework",RFC 2570, April 1999. [RFC2571] Harrington, D., Presuhn, R. and B. Wijnen, "An Architecture for Describing SNMP Management Frameworks",RFC 2571, April 1999. [RFC2572] Case, J., Harrington D., Presuhn R. and B. Wijnen, "Message Processing and Dispatching for the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)",RFC 2572, April 1999. [RFC2573] Levi, D., Meyer, P. and B. Stewart, "SNMPv3 Applications",RFC 2573, April 1999. [RFC2574] Blumenthal, U. and B. Wijnen, "User-based Security Model (USM) for version 3 of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv3)",RFC 2574, April 1999.Bierman & Jones Informational [Page 29]
RFC 2922 Physical Topology MIB September 2000 [RFC2575] Wijnen, B., Presuhn, R. and K. McCloghrie, "View-based Access Control Model (VACM) for the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)",RFC 2575, April 1999. [RFC2578] McCloghrie, K., Perkins, D., Schoenwaelder, J., Case, J., Rose, M. and S. Waldbusser, "Structure of Management Information Version 2 (SMIv2)", STD 58,RFC 2578, April 1999. [RFC2579] McCloghrie, K., Perkins, D., Schoenwaelder, J., Case, J., Rose, M. and S. Waldbusser, "Textual Conventions for SMIv2", STD 58,RFC 2579, April 1999. [RFC2580] McCloghrie, K., Perkins, D., Schoenwaelder, J., Case, J., Rose, M. and S. Waldbusser, "Conformance Statements for SMIv2", STD 58,RFC 2580, April 1999. [RFC2737] McCloghrie, K. and A. Bierman, "Entity MIB (Version 2)",RFC 2737, Cisco Systems, December 1999.8. Security Considerations There are a number of management objects defined in this MIB that have a MAX-ACCESS clause of read-write and/or read-create. Such objects may be considered sensitive or vulnerable in some network environments. The support for SET operations in a non-secure environment without proper protection can have a negative effect on network operations. There are a number of managed objects in this MIB that may contain sensitive information. These are: read-create objects: ptopoConnRemoteChassisType ptopoConnRemoteChassis ptopoConnRemotePortType ptopoConnRemotePort ptopoConnAgentNetAddrType ptopoConnAgentNetAddr ptopoConnIsStatic ptopoConfigTrapInterval ptopoConfigMaxHoldTime read-only objects: ptopoConnDiscAlgorithm ptopoConnMultiMacSASeen ptopoConnMultiNetSASeen ptopoConnLastVerifyTime ptopoLastChangeTime notifications: ptopoConfigChange These MIB objects expose information about the physical connectivity for a particular portion of a network.Bierman & Jones Informational [Page 30]
RFC 2922 Physical Topology MIB September 2000 A network administrator may also wish to inhibit transmission of any ptopoConfigChange notification by setting the ptopoConfigTrapInterval object to zero. It is thus important to control even GET access to these objects and possibly to even encrypt the values of these object when sending them over the network via SNMP. Not all versions of SNMP provide features for such a secure environment. SNMPv1 by itself is not a secure environment. Even if the network itself is secure (for example by using IPSec), even then, there is no control as to who on the secure network is allowed to access and GET/SET (read/change/create/delete) the objects in this MIB. It is recommended that the implementers consider the security features as provided by the SNMPv3 framework. Specifically, the use of the User-based Security ModelRFC 2574 [RFC2574] and the View- based Access Control ModelRFC 2575 [RFC2575] is recommended. It is then a customer/user responsibility to ensure that the SNMP entity giving access to an instance of this MIB, is properly configured to give access to the objects only to those principals (users) that have legitimate rights to indeed GET or SET (change/create/delete) them.9. Authors' Addresses Andy Bierman Cisco Systems 170 West Tasman Drive San Jose, CA USA 95134 Phone: +1 408-527-3711 EMail: abierman@cisco.com Kendall S. Jones Nortel Networks 4401 Great America Parkway Santa Clara, CA USA 95054 Phone: +1 408-495-7356 EMail: kejones@nortelnetworks.comBierman & Jones Informational [Page 31]
RFC 2922 Physical Topology MIB September 200010. Full Copyright Statement Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2000). All Rights Reserved. This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are included on all such copies and derivative works. However, this document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than English. The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns. This document and the information contained herein is provided on an "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.Acknowledgement Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the Internet Society.Bierman & Jones Informational [Page 32]
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