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RFC 8525YANG LibraryJanuary 2019
Bierman, et al.Standards Track[Page]
Stream:
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
RFC:
8525
Obsoletes:
7895
Category:
Standards Track
Published:
ISSN:
2070-1721
Authors:
A. Bierman
YumaWorks
M. Bjorklund
Tail-f Systems
J. Schoenwaelder
Jacobs University
K. Watsen
Juniper Networks
R. Wilton
Cisco Systems

YANG Library

Abstract

This document describes a YANG library that provides information aboutthe YANG modules, datastores, and datastore schemas used by a networkmanagement server. Simple caching mechanisms are provided to allowclients to minimize retrieval of this information. This version of theYANG library supports the Network Management Datastore Architecture (NMDA) bylisting all datastores supported by a network management server andthe schema that is used by each of these datastores.

This document obsoletes RFC 7895.

Status of This Memo

This is an Internet Standards Track document.

This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has received public review and has been approved for publication by the Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Further information on Internet Standards is available in Section 2 of RFC 7841.

Information about the current status of this document, any errata, and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained athttps://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8525.

Copyright Notice

Copyright (c) 2019 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved.

This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents

1. Introduction

There is a need for a standard mechanism to expose which YANG modules[RFC7950], datastores[RFC8342], and datastore schemas[RFC8342] are in use by a networkmanagement server.

This document defines the YANG module "ietf‑yang‑library" thatprovides this information. This version of the YANG library iscompatible with the Network Management Datastore Architecture (NMDA)[RFC8342]. The previous version of the YANGlibrary, defined in[RFC7895], is not compatible with the NMDA sinceit assumes that all datastores have exactly the same schema. This isnot necessarily true in the NMDA since dynamic configuration datastoresmay have their own datastore schema. Furthermore, the operationalstate datastore may support non-configurable YANG modules in additionto the YANG modules supported by conventional configurationdatastores.

The old YANG library definitions have been retained (forbackwards-compatibility reasons), but the definitions have been marked asdeprecated. For backwards compatibility, an NMDA-supporting serverSHOULD populate the deprecated "/modules‑state" tree in abackwards-compatible manner. The new "/yang‑library" tree will beignored by legacy clients but will provide all the data needed forNMDA-aware clients (which will ignore the "/modules‑state"tree). The recommended approach to populate "/modules-state" is to report the YANG modules with "config true" data nodes that are configurable via conventional configuration datastores and the YANG modules with "config false" data nodes that are returned via a Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF) <get>operation or equivalent.

The YANG library information can be different on every server, and itcan change at runtime or across a server reboot. If a serverimplements multiple network management protocols to access theserver's datastores, then each such protocol may have its ownconceptual instantiation of the YANG library.

If a large number of YANG modules are utilized by a server, then theYANG library contents can be relatively large. Since the YANG librarycontents change very infrequently, it is important that clients beable to cache the YANG library contents and easily identify whethertheir cache is out of date.

1.1. Terminology

The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14[RFC2119][RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here.

The following terms are defined in[RFC7950]:

  • module
  • submodule
  • data node

This document uses the phrase "implement a module" as defined inSection 5.6.5 of[RFC7950].

The following terms are defined in[RFC8342]:

  • datastore
  • datastore schema
  • configuration
  • conventional configuration datastore
  • operational state
  • operational state datastore
  • dynamic configuration datastore
  • client
  • server

The following terms are used within this document:

  • YANG library: A collection of YANG modules, submodules, datastores,and datastore schemas used by a server.
  • YANG library content identifier: A server-generated identifier ofthe contents of the YANG library.

Tree diagrams in this document use the notation defined in[RFC8340].

2. Objectives

The following information is needed by a client application (for eachYANG module in the library) to fully utilize the YANG data modelinglanguage:

In addition, the following information is needed by a clientapplication for each datastore supported by a server:

In order to select one out of several possible designs for the YANG library data model, the following criteria were used:

  1. The information must be efficient for a client to consume.Since the size of the YANG library can be quite large, it shouldbe possible for clients to cache the YANG library information.
  2. A dynamic configuration datastore must be able to implement a moduleor feature that is not implemented in the conventional configurationdatastores.
  3. It must be possible to not implement a module or feature in<operational>, even if it is implemented in some other datastore.This is required for transition purposes; a server that wants toimplement <operational> should not have to implement all modules atonce.
  4. A given module can only be implemented in one revision in alldatastores. If a module is implemented in more than onedatastore, the same revision is implemented in all thesedatastores.
  5. Multiple revisions can be used for import, if import-by revisionis used.
  6. It must be possible to use the YANG library by schema mount[RFC8528].

3. YANG Library Data Model

The "ietf‑yang‑library" YANG module provides information about themodules, submodules, datastores, and datastore schemas supported by aserver. All data nodes in the "ietf‑yang‑library" module are"config false" andthus only accessible in the operational state datastore.

+-----------+| datastore |+-----------+     |     | has a     V+-----------+            +--------+                +------------+| datastore |  union of  | module |  consists of   | modules +  ||  schema   |----------->|  set   |--------------->| submodules |+-----------+            +--------+                +------------+
Figure 1

The conceptual model of the YANG library is depicted inFigure 1. Following the NMDA, every datastore has an associated datastoreschema. A datastore schema is a union of module sets, and every moduleset is a collection of modules and submodules, including the modulesand submodules used for imports. Note that multiple datastores mayrefer to the same datastore schema. Furthermore, it is possible forindividual datastore schemas to share module sets. A common use case is theoperational state datastore schema, which is a superset of the schemaused by conventional configuration datastores.

Below is the YANG tree diagram for the "ietf‑yang‑library" module,excluding the deprecated "/modules‑state" tree:

module: ietf-yang-library  +--ro yang-library     +--ro module-set* [name]     |  +--ro name                  string     |  +--ro module* [name]     |  |  +--ro name         yang:yang-identifier     |  |  +--ro revision?    revision-identifier     |  |  +--ro namespace    inet:uri     |  |  +--ro location*    inet:uri     |  |  +--ro submodule* [name]     |  |  |  +--ro name        yang:yang-identifier     |  |  |  +--ro revision?   revision-identifier     |  |  |  +--ro location*   inet:uri     |  |  +--ro feature*     yang:yang-identifier     |  |  +--ro deviation*   -> ../../module/name     |  +--ro import-only-module* [name revision]     |     +--ro name         yang:yang-identifier     |     +--ro revision     union     |     +--ro namespace    inet:uri     |     +--ro location*    inet:uri     |     +--ro submodule* [name]     |        +--ro name        yang:yang-identifier     |        +--ro revision?   revision-identifier     |        +--ro location*   inet:uri     +--ro schema* [name]     |  +--ro name          string     |  +--ro module-set*   -> ../../module-set/name     +--ro datastore* [name]     |  +--ro name      ds:datastore-ref     |  +--ro schema    -> ../../schema/name     +--ro content-id    string  notifications:    +---n yang-library-update       +--ro content-id    -> /yang-library/content-id

The "/yang‑library" container holds the entire YANG library. Thecontainer has the following child nodes:

Note that for a NETCONF server implementing the NETCONF extensions tosupport the NMDA[RFC8526], a change of the YANGlibrary content identifier results in a new value for the:yang-library:1.1 capability defined in[RFC8526]. Thus, if such a server implementsNETCONF notifications[RFC5277] and the "netconf‑capability‑change" notification[RFC6470], a"netconf‑capability‑change"notification is generated whenever the YANG library content identifierchanges.

4. YANG Library YANG Module

The "ietf‑yang‑library" YANG module imports definitions fromthe "ietf‑yang‑types" and"ietf‑inet‑types" modules defined in[RFC6991] andfrom the"ietf‑datastores" module defined in[RFC8342]. While the YANG module is defined using YANG version 1.1, the YANG library supports YANG modules written in any version of YANG.

Adding SVG diagram for testing purposes.

<CODE BEGINS> file "ietf-yang-library@2019-01-04.yang"

module ietf-yang-library {  yang-version 1.1;  namespace "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-yang-library";  prefix yanglib;  import ietf-yang-types {    prefix yang;    reference       "RFC 6991: Common YANG Data Types";  }  import ietf-inet-types {    prefix inet;    reference       "RFC 6991: Common YANG Data Types";  }  import ietf-datastores {    prefix ds;    reference      "RFC 8342: Network Management Datastore Architecture                 (NMDA)";  }  organization    "IETF NETCONF (Network Configuration) Working Group";  contact    "WG Web:   <https://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/netconf/>     WG List:  <mailto:netconf@ietf.org>     Author:   Andy Bierman               <mailto:andy@yumaworks.com>     Author:   Martin Bjorklund               <mailto:mbj@tail-f.com>     Author:   Juergen Schoenwaelder               <mailto:j.schoenwaelder@jacobs-university.de>     Author:   Kent Watsen               <mailto:kwatsen@juniper.net>     Author:   Rob Wilton               <mailto:rwilton@cisco.com>";  description    "This module provides information about the YANG modules,     datastores, and datastore schemas used by a network     management server.     Copyright (c) 2019 IETF Trust and the persons identified as     authors of the code.  All rights reserved.     Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or     without modification, is permitted pursuant to, and subject     to the license terms contained in, the Simplified BSD License     set forth in Section 4.c of the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions     Relating to IETF Documents     (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info).     This version of this YANG module is part of RFC 8525; see     the RFC itself for full legal notices.";  revision 2019-01-04 {    description      "Added support for multiple datastores according to the       Network Management Datastore Architecture (NMDA).";    reference       "RFC 8525: YANG Library";  }  revision 2016-04-09 {    description      "Initial revision.";    reference       "RFC 7895: YANG Module Library";  }  /*   * Typedefs   */  typedef revision-identifier {    type string {      pattern '\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}';    }    description      "Represents a specific date in YYYY-MM-DD format.";  }  /*   * Groupings   */  grouping module-identification-leafs {    description      "Parameters for identifying YANG modules and submodules.";    leaf name {      type yang:yang-identifier;      mandatory true;      description        "The YANG module or submodule name.";    }    leaf revision {      type revision-identifier;      description        "The YANG module or submodule revision date.  If no revision         statement is present in the YANG module or submodule, this         leaf is not instantiated.";    }  }  grouping location-leaf-list {    description      "Common leaf-list parameter for the locations of modules and       submodules.";    leaf-list location {      type inet:uri;      description        "Contains a URL that represents the YANG schema         resource for this module or submodule.         This leaf will only be present if there is a URL         available for retrieval of the schema for this entry.";    }  }  grouping module-implementation-parameters {    description      "Parameters for describing the implementation of a module.";    leaf-list feature {      type yang:yang-identifier;      description        "List of all YANG feature names from this module that are         supported by the server, regardless whether they are defined         in the module or any included submodule.";    }    leaf-list deviation {      type leafref {        path "../../module/name";      }      description        "List of all YANG deviation modules used by this server to         modify the conformance of the module associated with this         entry.  Note that the same module can be used for deviations         for multiple modules, so the same entry MAY appear within         multiple 'module' entries.         This reference MUST NOT (directly or indirectly)         refer to the module being deviated.         Robust clients may want to make sure that they handle a         situation where a module deviates itself (directly or         indirectly) gracefully.";    }  }  grouping module-set-parameters {    description      "A set of parameters that describe a module set.";    leaf name {      type string;      description        "An arbitrary name of the module set.";    }    list module {      key "name";      description        "An entry in this list represents a module implemented by the         server, as per Section 5.6.5 of RFC 7950, with a particular         set of supported features and deviations.";      reference         "RFC 7950: The YANG 1.1 Data Modeling Language";      uses module-identification-leafs;      leaf namespace {        type inet:uri;        mandatory true;        description          "The XML namespace identifier for this module.";      }      uses location-leaf-list;      list submodule {        key "name";        description          "Each entry represents one submodule within the           parent module.";        uses module-identification-leafs;        uses location-leaf-list;      }      uses module-implementation-parameters;    }    list import-only-module {      key "name revision";      description        "An entry in this list indicates that the server imports         reusable definitions from the specified revision of the         module but does not implement any protocol-accessible         objects from this revision.         Multiple entries for the same module name MAY exist.  This         can occur if multiple modules import the same module but         specify different revision dates in the import statements.";      leaf name {        type yang:yang-identifier;        description          "The YANG module name.";      }      leaf revision {        type union {          type revision-identifier;          type string {            length "0";          }        }        description          "The YANG module revision date.           A zero-length string is used if no revision statement           is present in the YANG module.";      }      leaf namespace {        type inet:uri;        mandatory true;        description          "The XML namespace identifier for this module.";      }      uses location-leaf-list;      list submodule {        key "name";        description          "Each entry represents one submodule within the           parent module.";        uses module-identification-leafs;        uses location-leaf-list;      }    }  }  grouping yang-library-parameters {    description      "The YANG library data structure is represented as a grouping       so it can be reused in configuration or another monitoring       data structure.";    list module-set {      key "name";      description        "A set of modules that may be used by one or more schemas.         A module set does not have to be referentially complete,         i.e., it may define modules that contain import statements         for other modules not included in the module set.";      uses module-set-parameters;    }    list schema {      key "name";      description        "A datastore schema that may be used by one or more         datastores.         The schema must be valid and referentially complete, i.e.,         it must contain modules to satisfy all used import         statements for all modules specified in the schema.";      leaf name {        type string;        description          "An arbitrary name of the schema.";      }      leaf-list module-set {        type leafref {          path "../../module-set/name";        }        description          "A set of module-sets that are included in this schema.           If a non-import-only module appears in multiple module           sets, then the module revision and the associated features           and deviations must be identical.";      }    }    list datastore {      key "name";      description        "A datastore supported by this server.         Each datastore indicates which schema it supports.         The server MUST instantiate one entry in this list per         specific datastore it supports.         Each datastore entry with the same datastore schema SHOULD         reference the same schema.";      leaf name {        type ds:datastore-ref;        description          "The identity of the datastore.";      }      leaf schema {        type leafref {          path "../../schema/name";        }        mandatory true;        description          "A reference to the schema supported by this datastore.           All non-import-only modules of the schema are implemented           with their associated features and deviations.";      }    }  }  /*   * Top-level container   */  container yang-library {    config false;    description      "Container holding the entire YANG library of this server.";    uses yang-library-parameters;    leaf content-id {      type string;      mandatory true;      description        "A server-generated identifier of the contents of the         '/yang-library' tree.  The server MUST change the value of         this leaf if the information represented by the         '/yang-library' tree, except '/yang-library/content-id', has         changed.";    }  }  /*   * Notifications   */  notification yang-library-update {    description      "Generated when any YANG library information on the       server has changed.";    leaf content-id {      type leafref {        path "/yanglib:yang-library/yanglib:content-id";      }      mandatory true;      description        "Contains the YANG library content identifier for the updated         YANG library at the time the notification is generated.";    }  }  /*   * Legacy groupings   */  grouping module-list {    status deprecated;    description      "The module data structure is represented as a grouping       so it can be reused in configuration or another monitoring       data structure.";    grouping common-leafs {      status deprecated;      description        "Common parameters for YANG modules and submodules.";      leaf name {        type yang:yang-identifier;        status deprecated;        description          "The YANG module or submodule name.";      }      leaf revision {        type union {          type revision-identifier;          type string {            length "0";          }        }        status deprecated;        description          "The YANG module or submodule revision date.           A zero-length string is used if no revision statement           is present in the YANG module or submodule.";      }    }    grouping schema-leaf {      status deprecated;      description        "Common schema leaf parameter for modules and submodules.";      leaf schema {        type inet:uri;        description          "Contains a URL that represents the YANG schema           resource for this module or submodule.           This leaf will only be present if there is a URL           available for retrieval of the schema for this entry.";      }    }    list module {      key "name revision";      status deprecated;      description        "Each entry represents one revision of one module         currently supported by the server.";      uses common-leafs {        status deprecated;      }      uses schema-leaf {        status deprecated;      }      leaf namespace {        type inet:uri;        mandatory true;        status deprecated;        description          "The XML namespace identifier for this module.";      }      leaf-list feature {        type yang:yang-identifier;        status deprecated;        description          "List of YANG feature names from this module that are           supported by the server, regardless of whether they are           defined in the module or any included submodule.";      }      list deviation {        key "name revision";        status deprecated;        description          "List of YANG deviation module names and revisions           used by this server to modify the conformance of           the module associated with this entry.  Note that           the same module can be used for deviations for           multiple modules, so the same entry MAY appear           within multiple 'module' entries.           The deviation module MUST be present in the 'module'           list, with the same name and revision values.           The 'conformance-type' value will be 'implement' for           the deviation module.";        uses common-leafs {          status deprecated;        }      }      leaf conformance-type {        type enumeration {          enum implement {            description              "Indicates that the server implements one or more               protocol-accessible objects defined in the YANG module               identified in this entry.  This includes deviation               statements defined in the module.               For YANG version 1.1 modules, there is at most one               'module' entry with conformance type 'implement' for a               particular module name, since YANG 1.1 requires that               at most one revision of a module is implemented.               For YANG version 1 modules, there SHOULD NOT be more               than one 'module' entry for a particular module                name.";          }          enum import {            description              "Indicates that the server imports reusable definitions               from the specified revision of the module but does               not implement any protocol-accessible objects from               this revision.               Multiple 'module' entries for the same module name MAY               exist.  This can occur if multiple modules import the               same module but specify different revision dates in               the import statements.";          }        }        mandatory true;        status deprecated;        description          "Indicates the type of conformance the server is claiming           for the YANG module identified by this entry.";      }      list submodule {        key "name revision";        status deprecated;        description          "Each entry represents one submodule within the           parent module.";        uses common-leafs {          status deprecated;        }        uses schema-leaf {          status deprecated;        }      }    }  }  /*   * Legacy operational state data nodes   */  container modules-state {    config false;    status deprecated;    description      "Contains YANG module monitoring information.";    leaf module-set-id {      type string;      mandatory true;      status deprecated;      description        "Contains a server-specific identifier representing         the current set of modules and submodules.  The         server MUST change the value of this leaf if the         information represented by the 'module' list instances         has changed.";    }    uses module-list {      status deprecated;    }  }  /*   * Legacy notifications   */  notification yang-library-change {    status deprecated;    description      "Generated when the set of modules and submodules supported       by the server has changed.";    leaf module-set-id {      type leafref {        path "/yanglib:modules-state/yanglib:module-set-id";      }      mandatory true;      status deprecated;      description        "Contains the module-set-id value representing the         set of modules and submodules supported at the server         at the time the notification is generated.";    }  }}
Figure 2

<CODE ENDS>

5. IANA Considerations

RFC 7895 previously registered one URI in the "IETF XML Registry"[RFC3688]. This document takes over this registration entry made byRFC 7895 and changes the Registrant Contact to the IESG according to Section 4of[RFC3688].

  URI: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-yang-library  Registrant Contact: The IESG.  XML: N/A, the requested URI is an XML namespace.

This document registers a YANG module in the "YANG ModuleNames" registry[RFC6020]:

  name:         ietf-yang-library  namespace:    urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-yang-library  prefix:       yanglib  reference:    RFC 7895

This document takes over this registration entry made by RFC 7895.

6. Security Considerations

The YANG module specified in this document defines a schema for data that isdesigned to be accessed via network management protocols such as NETCONF[RFC6241] or RESTCONF[RFC8040]. The lowest NETCONF layer is the secure transport layer, and themandatory-to-implement secure transport is Secure Shell (SSH)[RFC6242]. The lowest RESTCONF layer is HTTPS, and themandatory-to-implement secure transport is TLS[RFC8446].

The Network Configuration Access Control Model (NACM)[RFC8341] provides the means to restrict access for particular NETCONF or RESTCONF usersto a preconfigured subset of all available NETCONF or RESTCONF protocoloperations and content.

Some of the readable data nodes in this YANG module may be consideredsensitive or vulnerable in some network environments. It is thus important tocontrol read access (e.g., via get, get-config, or notification) to these datanodes. These are the subtrees and data nodes and theirsensitivity/vulnerability:

The "/yang‑library" subtree of the YANG library may help an attackeridentify the server capabilities and server implementations with knownbugs since the set of YANG modules supported by a server may revealthe kind of device and the manufacturer of the device. Although someof this information may be available to all NETCONF users via theNETCONF <hello> message (or similar messages in other managementprotocols), this YANG module potentially exposes additional detailsthat could be of some assistance to an attacker. Servervulnerabilities may be specific to particular modules, modulerevisions, module features, or even module deviations. For example, ifa particular operation on a particular data node is known to cause aserver to crash or significantly degrade device performance, then the"module" list information will help an attacker identify serverimplementations with such a defect, in order to launch adenial-of-service attack on the device.

7. References

7.1. Normative References

[RFC2119]
Bradner, S.,"Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels",BCP 14,RFC 2119,DOI 10.17487/RFC2119,, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.
[RFC3688]
Mealling, M.,"The IETF XML Registry",BCP 81,RFC 3688,DOI 10.17487/RFC3688,, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3688>.
[RFC6020]
Bjorklund, M., Ed.,"YANG - A Data Modeling Language for the Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF)",RFC 6020,DOI 10.17487/RFC6020,, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6020>.
[RFC6241]
Enns, R., Ed., Bjorklund, M., Ed., Schoenwaelder, J., Ed., and A. Bierman, Ed.,"Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF)",RFC 6241,DOI 10.17487/RFC6241,, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6241>.
[RFC6242]
Wasserman, M.,"Using the NETCONF Protocol over Secure Shell (SSH)",RFC 6242,DOI 10.17487/RFC6242,, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6242>.
[RFC6991]
Schoenwaelder, J., Ed.,"Common YANG Data Types",RFC 6991,DOI 10.17487/RFC6991,, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6991>.
[RFC7950]
Bjorklund, M., Ed.,"The YANG 1.1 Data Modeling Language",RFC 7950,DOI 10.17487/RFC7950,, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7950>.
[RFC8040]
Bierman, A., Bjorklund, M., and K. Watsen,"RESTCONF Protocol",RFC 8040,DOI 10.17487/RFC8040,, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8040>.
[RFC8174]
Leiba, B.,"Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC 2119 Key Words",BCP 14,RFC 8174,DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.
[RFC8341]
Bierman, A. and M. Bjorklund,"Network Configuration Access Control Model",STD 91,RFC 8341,DOI 10.17487/RFC8341,, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8341>.
[RFC8342]
Bjorklund, M., Schoenwaelder, J., Shafer, P., Watsen, K., and R. Wilton,"Network Management Datastore Architecture (NMDA)",RFC 8342,DOI 10.17487/RFC8342,, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8342>.
[RFC8446]
Rescorla, E.,"The Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol Version 1.3",RFC 8446,DOI 10.17487/RFC8446,, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8446>.

7.2. Informative References

[RFC5277]
Chisholm, S. and H. Trevino,"NETCONF Event Notifications",RFC 5277,DOI 10.17487/RFC5277,, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5277>.
[RFC6470]
Bierman, A.,"Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF) Base Notifications",RFC 6470,DOI 10.17487/RFC6470,, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6470>.
[RFC7895]
Bierman, A., Bjorklund, M., and K. Watsen,"YANG Module Library",RFC 7895,DOI 10.17487/RFC7895,, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7895>.
[RFC8340]
Bjorklund, M. and L. Berger, Ed.,"YANG Tree Diagrams",BCP 215,RFC 8340,DOI 10.17487/RFC8340,, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8340>.
[RFC8343]
Bjorklund, M.,"A YANG Data Model for Interface Management",RFC 8343,DOI 10.17487/RFC8343,, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8343>.
[RFC8344]
Bjorklund, M.,"A YANG Data Model for IP Management",RFC 8344,DOI 10.17487/RFC8344,, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8344>.
[RFC8345]
Clemm, A., Medved, J., Varga, R., Bahadur, N., Ananthakrishnan, H., and X. Liu,"A YANG Data Model for Network Topologies",RFC 8345,DOI 10.17487/RFC8345,, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8345>.
[RFC8348]
Bierman, A., Bjorklund, M., Dong, J., and D. Romascanu,"A YANG Data Model for Hardware Management",RFC 8348,DOI 10.17487/RFC8348,, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8348>.
[RFC8349]
Lhotka, L., Lindem, A., and Y. Qu,"A YANG Data Model for Routing Management (NMDA Version)",RFC 8349,DOI 10.17487/RFC8349,, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8349>.
[RFC8526]
Bjorklund, M., Schoenwaelder, J., Shafer, P., Watsen, K., and R. Wilton,"NETCONF Extensions to Support the Network Management Datastore Architecture",RFC 8526,DOI 10.17487/RFC8526,, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8526>.
[RFC8528]
Bjorklund, M. and L. Lhotka,"YANG Schema Mount",RFC 8528,DOI 10.17487/RFC8528,, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8528>.

Appendix A. Summary of Changes from RFC 7895

This document changes[RFC7895] in the following ways:

Appendix B. Example YANG Library Instance for a Basic Server

The following example shows the YANG library of a basic serverimplementing the "ietf‑interfaces"[RFC8343] and"ietf‑ip"[RFC8344] modules in the <running>,<startup>, and <operational> datastores and the "ietf‑hardware"[RFC8348] module in the <operational> datastore.

Newline characters in leaf values are added for formatting reasons.

<yang-library    xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-yang-library"    xmlns:ds="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-datastores">  <module-set>    <name>config-modules</name>    <module>      <name>ietf-interfaces</name>      <revision>2018-02-20</revision>      <namespace>        urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-interfaces      </namespace>    </module>    <module>      <name>ietf-ip</name>      <revision>2018-02-22</revision>      <namespace>        urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-ip      </namespace>    </module>    <import-only-module>      <name>ietf-yang-types</name>      <revision>2013-07-15</revision>      <namespace>        urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-yang-types      </namespace>    </import-only-module>    <import-only-module>      <name>ietf-inet-types</name>      <revision>2013-07-15</revision>      <namespace>        urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-inet-types      </namespace>    </import-only-module>  </module-set>  <module-set>    <name>state-modules</name>    <module>      <name>ietf-hardware</name>      <revision>2018-03-13</revision>      <namespace>        urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-hardware      </namespace>    </module>    <import-only-module>      <name>ietf-inet-types</name>      <revision>2013-07-15</revision>      <namespace>        urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-inet-types      </namespace>    </import-only-module>    <import-only-module>      <name>ietf-yang-types</name>      <revision>2013-07-15</revision>      <namespace>        urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-yang-types      </namespace>    </import-only-module>    <import-only-module>      <name>iana-hardware</name>      <revision>2018-03-13</revision>      <namespace>        urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:iana-hardware      </namespace>    </import-only-module>  </module-set>  <schema>    <name>config-schema</name>    <module-set>config-modules</module-set>  </schema>  <schema>    <name>state-schema</name>    <module-set>config-modules</module-set>    <module-set>state-modules</module-set>  </schema>  <datastore>    <name>ds:startup</name>    <schema>config-schema</schema>  </datastore>  <datastore>    <name>ds:running</name>    <schema>config-schema</schema>  </datastore>  <datastore>    <name>ds:operational</name>    <schema>state-schema</schema>  </datastore>  <content-id>75a43df9bd56b92aacc156a2958fbe12312fb285</content-id></yang-library>

Appendix C. Example YANG Library Instance for an Advanced Server

The following example extends the example inAppendix B by using modules from[RFC8345] and[RFC8349] to illustratea slightly more advanced server that:

<yang-library    xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-yang-library"    xmlns:ds="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-datastores"    xmlns:ex-ds-eph="urn:example:ds-ephemeral">  <module-set>    <name>config-state-modules</name>    <module>      <name>ietf-interfaces</name>      <revision>2018-02-20</revision>      <namespace>        urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-interfaces      </namespace>    </module>    <module>      <name>ietf-ip</name>      <revision>2018-02-22</revision>      <namespace>        urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-ip      </namespace>    </module>    <module>      <name>ietf-routing</name>      <revision>2018-03-13</revision>      <namespace>        urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-routing      </namespace>    </module>    <import-only-module>      <name>ietf-yang-types</name>      <revision>2013-07-15</revision>      <namespace>        urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-yang-types      </namespace>    </import-only-module>    <import-only-module>      <name>ietf-inet-types</name>      <revision>2013-07-15</revision>      <namespace>        urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-inet-types      </namespace>    </import-only-module>  </module-set>  <module-set>    <name>config-only-modules</name>    <module>      <name>ietf-routing</name>      <revision>2018-03-13</revision>      <namespace>        urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-routing      </namespace>    </module>  </module-set>  <module-set>    <name>dynamic-config-state-modules</name>    <module>      <name>ietf-network</name>      <revision>2018-02-26</revision>      <namespace>        urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-network      </namespace>    </module>    <module>      <name>ietf-network-topology</name>      <revision>2018-02-26</revision>       <namespace>        urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-network-topology      </namespace>    </module>    <import-only-module>      <name>ietf-inet-types</name>      <revision>2013-07-15</revision>      <namespace>        urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-inet-types      </namespace>    </import-only-module>  </module-set>  <module-set>    <name>state-only-modules</name>    <module>      <name>ietf-hardware</name>      <revision>2018-03-13</revision>       <namespace>        urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-hardware      </namespace>      <deviation>example-vendor-hardware-deviations</deviation>    </module>    <module>      <name>ietf-routing</name>      <revision>2018-03-13</revision>      <namespace>        urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-routing      </namespace>      <feature>multiple-ribs</feature>      <feature>router-id</feature>    </module>    <module>      <name>example-vendor-hardware-deviations</name>      <revision>2018-01-31</revision>      <namespace>        urn:example:example-vendor-hardware-deviations      </namespace>    </module>    <import-only-module>      <name>ietf-inet-types</name>      <revision>2013-07-15</revision>      <namespace>        urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-inet-types      </namespace>    </import-only-module>    <import-only-module>      <name>ietf-yang-types</name>      <revision>2013-07-15</revision>      <namespace>        urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-yang-types      </namespace>    </import-only-module>    <import-only-module>      <name>iana-hardware</name>      <revision>2018-03-13</revision>      <namespace>        urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:iana-hardware      </namespace>    </import-only-module>  </module-set>  <schema>    <name>config-schema</name>    <module-set>config-state-modules</module-set>    <module-set>config-only-modules</module-set>  </schema>  <schema>    <name>dynamic-config-schema</name>    <module-set>dynamic-config-state-modules</module-set>  </schema>  <schema>    <name>state-schema</name>    <module-set>config-state-modules</module-set>    <module-set>dynamic-config-state-modules</module-set>    <module-set>state-only-modules</module-set>  </schema>  <datastore>    <name>ds:startup</name>    <schema>config-schema</schema>  </datastore>  <datastore>    <name>ds:running</name>    <schema>config-schema</schema>  </datastore>  <datastore>    <name>ex-ds-eph:ds-ephemeral</name>    <schema>dynamic-config-schema</schema>  </datastore>  <datastore>    <name>ds:operational</name>    <schema>state-schema</schema>  </datastore>  <content-id>14782ab9bd56b92aacc156a2958fbe12312fb285</content-id></yang-library>

Authors' Addresses

Andy Bierman
YumaWorks
Email:andy@yumaworks.com
Martin Bjorklund
Tail-f Systems
Email:mbj@tail-f.com
Juergen Schoenwaelder
Jacobs University
Email:j.schoenwaelder@jacobs-university.de
Kent Watsen
Juniper Networks
Email:kwatsen@juniper.net
Robert Wilton
Cisco Systems
Email:rwilton@cisco.com

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