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RFC 8791YANG Data Structure ExtensionsJune 2020
Bierman, et al.Standards Track[Page]
Stream:
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
RFC:
8791
Updates:
8340
Category:
Standards Track
Published:
ISSN:
2070-1721
Authors:
A. Bierman
YumaWorks
M. Bjorklund
Cisco
K. Watsen
Watsen Networks

RFC 8791

YANG Data Structure Extensions

Abstract

This document describes YANG mechanisms fordefining abstract data structures with YANG.

Status of This Memo

This is an Internet Standards Track document.

This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has received public review and has been approved for publication by the Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Further information on Internet Standards is available in Section 2 of RFC 7841.

Information about the current status of this document, any errata, and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained athttps://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8791.

Copyright Notice

Copyright (c) 2020 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved.

This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents

1.Introduction

There is a need for standard mechanisms to allow thedefinition of abstract data that is not intended tobe implemented as configuration or operational state.The "yang-data" extension statement from RFC 8040[RFC8040] was defined for this purpose, but it is limited in itsfunctionality.

The intended use of the "yang-data" extension was to model all or partof a protocol message, such as the "errors" definition in the YANG module "ietf-restconf"[RFC8040], or thecontents of a file. However, protocols are often layered such that the header or payload portionsof the message can be extended by external documents. The YANGstatements that model a protocol need to support this extensibilitythat is already found in that protocol.

This document defines a new YANG extension statement called"structure", which is similar to but more flexible than the"yang-data" extension from[RFC8040].There is no assumption that a YANG data structure can only be used as a top-level abstraction, andit may also be nested within some other data structure.

This document also defines a new YANG extension statement called"augment‑structure", which allows abstract data structures to beaugmented from external modules and is similar to the existing YANG "augment"statement. Note that "augment" cannot be used to augment a YANG datastructure since a YANG compiler or other tool is not required to understandthe "structure" extension.

1.1.Terminology

The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT","REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT","RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED","MAY", and"OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described inBCP 14[RFC2119][RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here.

The following term is used within this document:

YANG data structure:
A data structure defined with the "structure"statement.

1.1.1.NMDA

The following terms are defined in theNetwork Management Datastore Architecture(NMDA)[RFC8342]and are not redefined here:

  • configuration
  • operational state

1.1.2.YANG

The following terms are defined in[RFC7950] and are not redefined here:

  • absolute-schema-nodeid
  • container
  • data definition statement
  • data node
  • leaf
  • leaf-list
  • list

2.Definitions

A YANG data structure is defined with the "structure" extensionstatement, which is defined in the YANG module"ietf-yang-structure-ext". Theargument to the "structure" extension statement is the name of thedata structure. The data structures are considered to be in the sameidentifier namespace as defined inSection 6.2.1 of [RFC7950]. In particular, the seventh bullet states:

All leafs, leaf-lists, lists, containers, choices, rpcs, actions, notifications, anydatas, and anyxmls defined (directly or through a "uses" statement) within a parent node or at the top level of the module or its submodules share the same identifier namespace.

This means that data structures defined with the "structure" statementcannot have the same name as sibling nodes from regular YANG datadefinition statements or other "structure" statements in the same YANGmodule.

This does not mean a YANG data structure, once defined, has to be usedas a top-level protocol message or other top-level data structure.

A YANG data structure is encoded in the same way as an "anydata" node.This means that the name of the structure is encoded as a "container",with the instantiated children encoded as child nodes to thisnode. For example, this structure:

  module example-errors {    ...    sx:structure my-error {      leaf error-number {        type int;      }    }  }

can be encoded in JSON as:

  "example-errors:my-error": {    "error-number": 131  }

3.YANG Data Structures in YANG Tree Diagrams

A YANG data structure can be printed in a YANG tree diagram[RFC8340]. This document updates RFC 8340[RFC8340] by definingtwo new sections in the tree diagram for a module:

  1. YANG data structures, which are offset by two spaces and identified by the keyword"structure" followed by the name of the YANG data structure and a colon (":")character.
  2. YANG data structure augmentations, which are offset by 2 spaces and identified bythe keyword "augment‑structure" followed by the augment target structurename and a colon (":") character.

The new sections, including spaces conventions, appear as follows:

  structure <structure-name>:    +--<node>       +--<node>       |  +--<node>       +--<node>  structure <structure-name>:    +--<node>  augment-structure <structure-name>:    +--<node>       +--<node>       |  +--<node>       +--<node>  augment-structure <structure-name>:    +--<node>

Nodes in YANG data structures are printed according to the rules defined inSection 2.6 of [RFC8340]. The nodes in YANGdata structures do not have any <flags>.

4.YANG Data Structure Extensions Module

<CODE BEGINS> file "ietf-yang-structure-ext@2020-06-17.yang"module ietf-yang-structure-ext {  yang-version 1.1;  namespace "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-yang-structure-ext";  prefix sx;  organization    "IETF NETMOD (NETCONF Data Modeling Language) Working Group";  contact    "WG Web:   <https://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/netmod/>     WG List:  <mailto:netmod@ietf.org>     Author:   Andy Bierman               <mailto:andy@yumaworks.com>     Author:   Martin Bjorklund               <mailto:mbj+ietf@4668.se>     Author:   Kent Watsen               <mailto:kent+ietf@watsen.net>";  description    "This module contains conceptual YANG specifications for defining     abstract data structures.     The key words 'MUST', 'MUST NOT', 'REQUIRED', 'SHALL', 'SHALL     NOT', 'SHOULD', 'SHOULD NOT', 'RECOMMENDED', 'NOT RECOMMENDED',     'MAY', and 'OPTIONAL' in this document are to be interpreted as     described in BCP 14 (RFC 2119) (RFC 8174) when, and only when,     they appear in all capitals, as shown here.     Copyright (c) 2020 IETF Trust and the persons identified as     authors of the code.  All rights reserved.     Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or     without modification, is permitted pursuant to, and subject to     the license terms contained in, the Simplified BSD License set     forth in Section 4.c of the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions     Relating to IETF Documents     (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info).     This version of this YANG module is part of RFC 8791     (https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8791); see the RFC itself     for full legal notices.";  revision 2020-06-17 {    description      "Initial revision.";    reference      "RFC 8791: YANG Data Structure Extensions.";  }  extension structure {    argument name {      yin-element true;    }    description      "This extension is used to specify a YANG data structure that       represents conceptual data defined in YANG.  It is intended to       describe hierarchical data independent of protocol context or       specific message encoding format.  Data definition statements       within a 'structure' extension statement specify the generic       syntax for the specific YANG data structure, whose name is the       argument of the 'structure' extension statement.       Note that this extension does not define a media type.  A       specification using this extension MUST specify the message       encoding rules, including the content media type, if       applicable.       The mandatory 'name' parameter value identifies the YANG data       structure that is being defined.       This extension is only valid as a top-level statement, i.e.,       given as a substatement to 'module' or 'submodule'.       The substatements of this extension MUST follow the ABNF       rules below, where the rules are defined in RFC 7950:         *must-stmt         [status-stmt]         [description-stmt]         [reference-stmt]         *(typedef-stmt / grouping-stmt)         *data-def-stmt       A YANG data structure defined with this extension statement is       encoded in the same way as an 'anydata' node.  This means       that the name of the structure is encoded as a 'container',       with the instantiated child statements encoded as child nodes       to this node.       The module name and namespace value for the YANG module using       the extension statement are assigned to each of the data       definition statements resulting from the YANG data structure.       The XPath document element is the extension statement itself,       such that the child nodes of the document element are       represented by the data-def-stmt substatements within this       extension.  This conceptual document is the context for the       following YANG statements:         - must-stmt         - when-stmt         - path-stmt         - min-elements-stmt         - max-elements-stmt         - mandatory-stmt         - unique-stmt         - ordered-by         - instance-identifier data type       The following data-def-stmt substatements are constrained       when used within a 'structure' extension statement.         - The list-stmt is not required to have a key-stmt defined.         - The config-stmt is ignored if present.      ";  }  extension augment-structure {    argument path {      yin-element true;    }    description      "This extension is used to specify an augmentation to a YANG       data structure defined with the 'structure' statement.  It is       intended to describe hierarchical data independent of protocol       context or specific message encoding format.       This statement has almost the same structure as the       'augment-stmt'.  Data definition statements within this       statement specify the semantics and generic syntax for the       additional data to be added to the specific YANG data       structure, identified by the 'path' argument.       The mandatory 'path' parameter value identifies the YANG       conceptual data node that is being augmented and is       represented as an absolute-schema-nodeid string, where the       first node in the absolute-schema-nodeid string identifies the       YANG data structure to augment, and the rest of the nodes in       the string identifies the node within the YANG structure to       augment.       This extension is only valid as a top-level statement, i.e.,       given as a substatement to 'module' or 'submodule'.       The substatements of this extension MUST follow the ABNF       rules below, where the rules are defined in RFC 7950:         [status-stmt]         [description-stmt]         [reference-stmt]         1*(data-def-stmt / case-stmt)       The module name and namespace value for the YANG module using       the extension statement are assigned to instance document data       conforming to the data definition statements within this       extension.       The XPath document element is the augmented extension       statement itself, such that the child nodes of the document       element are represented by the data-def-stmt substatements       within the augmented 'structure' statement.       The context node of the 'augment-structure' statement is       derived in the same way as the 'augment' statement, as defined       in Section 6.4.1 of [RFC7950]. This conceptual node is       considered the context node for the following YANG statements:         - must-stmt         - when-stmt         - path-stmt         - min-elements-stmt         - max-elements-stmt         - mandatory-stmt         - unique-stmt         - ordered-by         - instance-identifier data type       The following data-def-stmt substatements are constrained       when used within an 'augment-structure' extension statement.         - The list-stmt is not required to have a key-stmt defined.         - The config-stmt is ignored if present.       Example:          module foo {             import ietf-yang-structure-ext { prefix sx; }             sx:structure foo-data {               container foo-con { }             }          }          module bar {             import ietf-yang-structure-ext { prefix sx; }             import foo { prefix foo; }             sx:augment-structure /foo:foo-data/foo:foo-con {               leaf add-leaf1 { type int32; }               leaf add-leaf2 { type string; }             }          }      ";  }}<CODE ENDS>

5.IANA Considerations

5.1.YANG Module Registry

IANA has registered the following URI in the "ns" subregistry within the "IETFXML Registry"[RFC3688]:

URI:
urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-yang-structure-ext
Registrant Contact:
The IESG.
XML:
N/A; the requested URI is an XML namespace.

IANA has registered the following YANG module in the "YANG Module Names" subregistry[RFC6020] within the "YANG Parameters" registry:

Name:
ietf-yang-structure-ext
Namespace:
urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-yang-structure-ext
Prefix:
sx
Reference:
RFC 8791

6.Security Considerations

This document defines YANG extensions that are used to define conceptualYANG data structures. It does not introduce any new vulnerabilities beyondthose specified in YANG 1.1[RFC7950].

7.References

7.1.Normative References

[RFC2119]
Bradner, S.,"Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels",BCP 14,RFC 2119,DOI 10.17487/RFC2119,,<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.
[RFC7950]
Bjorklund, M., Ed.,"The YANG 1.1 Data Modeling Language",RFC 7950,DOI 10.17487/RFC7950,,<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7950>.
[RFC8040]
Bierman, A., Bjorklund, M., and K. Watsen,"RESTCONF Protocol",RFC 8040,DOI 10.17487/RFC8040,,<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8040>.
[RFC8174]
Leiba, B.,"Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC 2119 Key Words",BCP 14,RFC 8174,DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,,<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.
[RFC8340]
Bjorklund, M. and L. Berger, Ed.,"YANG Tree Diagrams",BCP 215,RFC 8340,DOI 10.17487/RFC8340,,<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8340>.
[RFC8342]
Bjorklund, M., Schoenwaelder, J., Shafer, P., Watsen, K., and R. Wilton,"Network Management Datastore Architecture (NMDA)",RFC 8342,DOI 10.17487/RFC8342,,<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8342>.
[W3C.REC-xml-20081126]
Bray, T., Paoli, J., Sperberg-McQueen, M., Maler, E., and F. Yergeau,"Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (Fifth Edition)",World Wide Web Consortium Recommendation REC-xml-20081126,,<http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-xml-20081126>.

7.2.Informative References

[RFC3688]
Mealling, M.,"The IETF XML Registry",BCP 81,RFC 3688,DOI 10.17487/RFC3688,,<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3688>.
[RFC6020]
Bjorklund, M., Ed.,"YANG - A Data Modeling Language for the Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF)",RFC 6020,DOI 10.17487/RFC6020,,<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6020>.

Appendix A.Examples

A.1."structure" Example

This example shows a simple address book that could be stored as anartifact:

module example-module {  yang-version 1.1;  namespace "urn:example:example-module";  prefix exm;  import ietf-yang-structure-ext {    prefix sx;  }  sx:structure address-book {    list address {      key "last first";      leaf last {        type string;        description "Last name";      }      leaf first {        type string;        description "First name";      }      leaf street {        type string;        description "Street name";      }      leaf city {        type string;        description "City name";      }      leaf state {        type string;        description "State name";      }    }  }}

Below is the tree diagram of this module:

module: example-module  structure address-book:    +-- address* [last first]       +-- last      string       +-- first     string       +-- street?   string       +-- city?     string       +-- state?    string

A.2."augment‑structure" Example

This example adds "county" and "zipcode" leafs to the address book:

module example-module-aug {  yang-version 1.1;  namespace "urn:example:example-module-aug";  prefix exma;  import ietf-yang-structure-ext {    prefix sx;  }  import example-module {    prefix exm;  }  sx:augment-structure "/exm:address-book/exm:address" {    leaf county {      type string;      description "County name";    }    leaf zipcode {      type string;      description "Postal zipcode";    }  }}

Below is the tree diagram of this module:

module: example-module-aug  augment-structure /exm:address-book/exm:address:    +-- county?    string    +-- zipcode?   string

A.3.XML Encoding Example

This example shows how an address book can be encoded in XML[W3C.REC-xml-20081126]:

<address-book xmlns="urn:example:example-module">  <address>    <last>Flintstone</last>    <first>Fred</first>    <street>301 Cobblestone Way</street>    <city>Bedrock</city>    <zipcode xmlns="urn:example:example-module-aug">70777</zipcode>  </address>  <address>    <last>Root</last>    <first>Charlie</first>    <street>4711 Cobblestone Way</street>    <city>Bedrock</city>    <zipcode xmlns="urn:example:example-module-aug">70777</zipcode>  </address></address-book>

A.4.JSON Encoding Example

This example shows how an address book can be encoded in JSON:

"example-module:address-book": {  "address": [    {      "city": "Bedrock",      "example-module-aug:zipcode": "70777",      "first": "Fred",      "last": "Flintstone",      "street": "301 Cobblestone Way"    },    {      "city": "Bedrock",      "example-module-aug:zipcode": "70777",      "first": "Charlie",      "last": "Root",      "street": "4711 Cobblestone Way"    }  ]}

A.5."structure" Example That Defines a Non-top-level Structure

The following example defines a data structure with error informationthat can be included in an <error‑info> element in an<rpc‑error>:

module example-error-info {  yang-version 1.1;  namespace "urn:example:example-error-info";  prefix exei;  import ietf-yang-structure-ext {    prefix sx;  }  sx:structure my-example-error-info {    leaf error-code {      type uint32;    }  }}

The example below shows how this structure can be used in an<rpc‑error>:

<rpc-reply message-id="101"     xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0">  <rpc-error>    <error-type>protocol</error-type>    <error-tag>operation-failed</error-tag>    <error-severity>error</error-severity>    <error-info>      <my-example-error-info          xmlns="urn:example:example-error-info">        <error-code>42</error-code>      </my-example-error-info>    </error-info>  </rpc-error></rpc-reply>

Authors' Addresses

Andy Bierman
YumaWorks
Email:andy@yumaworks.com
Martin Bjorklund
Cisco
Email:mbj+ietf@4668.se
Kent Watsen
Watsen Networks
Email:kent+ietf@watsen.net

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