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Network Working Group                                           M. StappRequest for Comments: 5460                           Cisco Systems, Inc.Category: Standards Track                                  February 2009DHCPv6 Bulk LeasequeryStatus of This Memo   This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the   Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for   improvements.  Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet   Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state   and status of this protocol.  Distribution of this memo is unlimited.Copyright Notice   Copyright (c) 2009 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the   document authors.  All rights reserved.   This document is subject toBCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents in effect on the date of   publication of this document (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info).   Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights   and restrictions with respect to this document.Abstract   The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6 (DHCPv6) has been   extended with a Leasequery capability that allows a client to request   information about DHCPv6 bindings.  That mechanism is limited to   queries for individual bindings.  In some situations individual   binding queries may not be efficient, or even possible.  This   document expands on the Leasequery protocol, adding new query types   and allowing for bulk transfer of DHCPv6 binding data via TCP.Stapp                       Standards Track                     [Page 1]

RFC 5460                 DHCPv6 Bulk Leasequery            February 2009Table of Contents1.  Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32.  Terminology  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33.  Protocol Overview  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44.  Interaction between UDP Leasequery and Bulk Leasequery . . . .55.  Message and Option Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65.1.  Message Framing for TCP  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65.2.  Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65.2.1.  LEASEQUERY-DATA  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75.2.2.  LEASEQUERY-DONE  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75.3.  Query Types  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75.3.1.  QUERY_BY_RELAY_ID  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75.3.2.  QUERY_BY_LINK_ADDRESS  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85.3.3.  QUERY_BY_REMOTE_ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85.4.  Options  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85.4.1.  Relay-ID Option  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85.5.  Status Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95.6.  Connection and Transmission Parameters . . . . . . . . . .96.  Requestor Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106.1.  Connecting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106.2.  Forming Queries  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106.3.  Processing Replies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106.3.1.  Reply Completion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116.4.  Querying Multiple Servers  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116.5.  Multiple Queries to a Single Server  . . . . . . . . . . .126.5.1.  Example  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126.6.  Closing Connections  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .137.  Server Behavior  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .137.1.  Accepting Connections  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .137.2.  Forming Replies  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .147.3.  Multiple or Parallel Queries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .157.4.  Closing Connections  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .158.  Security Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .169.  IANA Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1610. Acknowledgments  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1711. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1711.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1711.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17Stapp                       Standards Track                     [Page 2]

RFC 5460                 DHCPv6 Bulk Leasequery            February 20091.  Introduction   The DHCPv6 [RFC3315] protocol specifies a mechanism for the   assignment of IPv6 address and configuration information to IPv6   nodes.  IPv6 Prefix Delegation (PD) for DHCPv6 [RFC3633] specifies a   mechanism for DHCPv6 delegation of IPv6 prefixes and related data.   DHCPv6 servers maintain authoritative information including binding   information for delegated IPv6 prefixes.   The client of a PD binding is typically a router, which then   advertises the delegated prefix to locally-connected hosts.  The   delegated IPv6 prefix must be routeable in order to be useful.  The   actual DHCPv6 PD client may not be permitted to inject routes into   the delegating network.  In service-provider (SP) networks, for   example, an edge router typically acts as a DHCPv6 relay agent, and   this edge router often has the responsibility to maintain routes   within the service-provider network for clients' PD bindings.   A DHCPv6 relay with this responsibility requires a means to recover   binding information from the authoritative DHCPv6 server(s) in the   event of replacement or reboot, in order to restore routeability to   delegated prefixes.  The relay may be a network device without   adequate local storage to maintain the necessary binding-to-route   data.  A DHCPv6 Leasequery protocol [RFC5007] has been developed that   allows queries for individual bindings from the authoritative DHCPv6   server(s).  The individual query mechanism is only useable when the   target binding is known to the requestor, such as upon receipt of   traffic.  In the case of DHCPv6 Prefix Delegation, the PD binding   data may need to be known before any traffic arrives from the client   router.  The DHCPv6 relay router may not be able to form individual   queries in such cases.   This document extends the DHCPv6 Leasequery protocol to add support   for queries that address these requirements.  At the SP edge there   may be many thousands of delegated prefixes per relay, so we specify   the use of TCP [RFC4614] for efficiency of data transfer.  We specify   a new DHCPv6 option, the Relay Identifier option, to support   efficient recovery of all data associated with a specific relay   agent; we also add a query-type for this purpose.  We add query-types   by network segment and by Remote-ID option value, to assist a relay   that needs to recover a subset of its clients' bindings.2.  Terminology   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this   document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].Stapp                       Standards Track                     [Page 3]

RFC 5460                 DHCPv6 Bulk Leasequery            February 2009   DHCPv6 terminology is defined in [RFC3315].  DHCPv6 Leasequery   terminology is defined in [RFC5007].3.  Protocol Overview   The Bulk Leasequery mechanism is modeled on the existing individual   Leasequery protocol in [RFC5007]; most differences arise from the use   of TCP.  A Bulk Leasequery client opens a TCP connection to a DHCPv6   server, using the DHCPv6 port 547.  Note that this implies that the   Leasequery client has server IP address(es) available via   configuration or some other means, and that it has unicast IP   reachability to the server.  No relaying for bulk leasequery is   specified.   After establishing a connection, the client sends a LEASEQUERY   message containing a query-type and data about bindings it is   interested in.  The server uses the query-type and the data to   identify any relevant bindings.  In order to support some query-   types, servers may have to maintain additional data structures or be   able to locate bindings based on specific option data.  The server   replies with a LEASEQUERY-REPLY message, indicating the success or   failure of the query.  If the query was successful, the server   includes the first client's binding data in the LEASEQUERY-REPLY   message also.  If more than one client's bindings are being returned,   the server then transmits the additional client bindings in a series   of LEASEQUERY-DATA messages.  If the server has sent at least one   client's bindings, it sends a LEASEQUERY-DONE message when it has   finished sending its replies.  The client may reuse the connection to   send additional queries.  Each end of the TCP connection can be   closed after all data has been sent.   This specification includes a new DHCPv6 option, the Relay-ID option.   The option contains a DUID (DHCP Unique Identifier) identifying a   DHCPv6 relay agent.  Relay agents can include this option in Relay-   Forward messages they send.  Servers can retain the Relay-ID and   associate it with bindings made on behalf of the relay's clients.  A   relay can then recover binding information about downstream clients   by using the Relay-ID in a LEASEQUERY message.  The Relay-ID option   is defined inSection 5.4.1.   Bulk Leasequery supports the queries by IPv6 address and by Client   DUID as specified in [RFC5007].  The Bulk Leasequery protocol also   adds several new queries.  The new queries introduced here cannot be   used effectively with the UDP Leasequery protocol.  Requestors MUST   NOT send these new query-types in [RFC5007] query messages.Stapp                       Standards Track                     [Page 4]

RFC 5460                 DHCPv6 Bulk Leasequery            February 2009   Query by Relay Identifier -  This query asks a server for the      bindings associated with a specific relay; the relay is identified      by a DUID carried in a Relay-ID option.   Query by Link Address -  This query asks a server for the bindings on      a particular network segment; the link is specified in the query's      link-address field.   Query by Remote ID -  This query asks a server for the bindings      associated with a Relay Agent Remote-ID option [RFC4649] value.4.  Interaction between UDP Leasequery and Bulk Leasequery   Bulk Leasequery can be seen as an extension of the existing UDP   Leasequery protocol [RFC5007].  This section tries to clarify the   relationship between the two protocols.   The query-types introduced in the UDP Leasequery protocol can be used   in the Bulk Leasequery protocol.  One change in behavior is   introduced when Bulk Leasequery is used.  [RFC5007], in sections   4.1.2.5 and 4.3.3, specifies the use of a Client Link option in   LEASEQUERY-REPLY messages in cases where multiple bindings were   found.  When Bulk Leasequery is used, this mechanism is not   necessary: a server returning multiple bindings simply does so   directly as specified in this document.  The Client Link option MUST   NOT appear in Bulk Leasequery replies.   Only LEASEQUERY, LEASEQUERY-REPLY, LEASEQUERY-DATA, and LEASEQUERY-   DONE messages are allowed over the Bulk Leasequery connection.  No   other DHCPv6 messages are supported.  The Bulk Leasequery connection   is not an alternative DHCPv6 communication option for clients seeking   DHCPv6 service.   The new queries introduced in this specification cannot be used with   the UDP Leasequery protocol.  Servers that implement this   specification and also permit UDP queries MUST NOT accept Bulk   Leasequery query-types in UDP Leasequery messages.  Such servers MUST   respond with an error status code of NotAllowed [RFC5007].   Implementors should note that the TCP message framing defined inSection 5.1 is not compatible with the UDP message format.  If a TCP-   framed request is sent as a UDP message, it may not be valid, because   protocol fields will be offset by the message-size prefix.Stapp                       Standards Track                     [Page 5]

RFC 5460                 DHCPv6 Bulk Leasequery            February 20095.  Message and Option Definitions5.1.  Message Framing for TCP   The use of TCP for the Bulk Leasequery protocol permits one or more   DHCPv6 messages to be sent at a time.  The receiver needs to be able   to determine how large each message is.  Two octets containing the   message size in network byte order are prepended to each DHCPv6   message sent on a Bulk Leasequery TCP connection.  The two message-   size octets 'frame' each DHCPv6 message.   DHCPv6 message framed for TCP:       0                   1                   2                   3       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+      |         message-size          |    msg-type   |               :      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+      :   transaction-id              |                               |      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+                               |      |                                                               .      .                            options                            .      .                           (variable)                          .      |                                                               |      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+       message-size    the number of octets in the message that                       follows, as a 16-bit integer in network                       byte order.   All other fields are as specified in DHCPv6 [RFC3315].5.2.  Messages   The LEASEQUERY and LEASEQUERY-REPLY messages are defined in   [RFC5007].  In a Bulk Leasequery exchange, a single LEASEQUERY-REPLY   message is used to indicate the success or failure of a query, and to   carry data that do not change in the context of a single query and   answer, such as the Server-ID and Client-ID options.  If a query is   successful, only a single LEASEQUERY-REPLY message MUST appear.  If   the server is returning binding data, the LEASEQUERY-REPLY also   contains the first client's binding data in an OPTION_CLIENT_DATA   option.Stapp                       Standards Track                     [Page 6]

RFC 5460                 DHCPv6 Bulk Leasequery            February 20095.2.1.  LEASEQUERY-DATA   The LEASEQUERY-DATA message carries data about a single DHCPv6   client's leases and/or PD bindings on a single link.  The purpose of   the message is to reduce redundant data when there are multiple   bindings to be sent.  The LEASEQUERY-DATA message MUST be preceded by   a LEASEQUERY-REPLY message.  The LEASEQUERY-REPLY carries the query's   status, the Leasequery's Client-ID and Server-ID options, and the   first client's binding data if the query was successful.   LEASEQUERY-DATA MUST ONLY be sent in response to a successful   LEASEQUERY, and only if more than one client's data is to be sent.   The LEASEQUERY-DATA message's transaction-id field MUST match the   transaction-id of the LEASEQUERY request message.  The Server-ID,   Client-ID, and OPTION_STATUS_CODE options SHOULD NOT be included:   that data should be constant for any one Bulk Leasequery reply, and   should have been conveyed in the LEASEQUERY-REPLY message.5.2.2.  LEASEQUERY-DONE   The LEASEQUERY-DONE message indicates the end of a group of related   Leasequery replies.  The LEASEQUERY-DONE message's transaction-id   field MUST match the transaction-id of the LEASEQUERY request   message.  The presence of the message itself signals the end of a   stream of reply messages.  A single LEASEQUERY-DONE MUST BE sent   after all replies (a successful LEASEQUERY-REPLY and zero or more   LEASEQUERY-DATA messages) to a successful Bulk Leasequery request   that returned at least one binding.   A server may encounter an error condition after it has sent the   initial LEASEQUERY-REPLY.  In that case, it SHOULD attempt to send a   LEASEQUERY-DONE with an OPTION_STATUS_CODE option indicating the   error condition to the requestor.  Other DHCPv6 options SHOULD NOT be   included in the LEASEQUERY-DONE message.5.3.  Query Types   The OPTION_LQ_QUERY option is defined in [RFC5007].  We introduce the   following new query-types: QUERY_BY_RELAY_ID, QUERY_BY_LINK_ADDRESS,   and QUERY_BY_REMOTE_ID.  These queries are designed to assist relay   agents in recovering binding data in circumstances where some or all   of the relay's binding data has been lost.5.3.1.  QUERY_BY_RELAY_ID   This query asks the server to return bindings associated with the   specified relay DUID.Stapp                       Standards Track                     [Page 7]

RFC 5460                 DHCPv6 Bulk Leasequery            February 2009   QUERY_BY_RELAY_ID -   The query-options MUST contain an      OPTION_RELAY_ID option.  If the link-address field is 0::0, the      query asks for all bindings associated with the specified relay      DUID.  If the link-address is specified, the query asks for      bindings on that link.5.3.2.  QUERY_BY_LINK_ADDRESS   The QUERY_BY_LINK_ADDRESS asks the server to return bindings on a   network segment identified by a link-address value from a relay's   Relay-Forward message.   QUERY_BY_LINK_ADDRESS -   The query's link-address contains an      address a relay may have used in the link-address of a Relay-      Forward message.  The Server attempts to locate bindings on the      same network segment as the link-address.5.3.3.  QUERY_BY_REMOTE_ID   The QUERY_BY_REMOTE_ID asks the server to return bindings associated   with a Remote-ID option value from a relay's Relay-Forward message.   The query-options MUST include a Relay Agent Remote-ID option   [RFC4649].   In order to support this query, a server needs to record the most-   recent Remote-ID option value seen in a Relay-Forward message along   with its other binding data.   QUERY_BY_REMOTE_ID -   The query-options MUST include a Relay Agent      Remote-ID option [RFC4649].  If the Server has recorded Remote-ID      values with its bindings, it uses the option's value to identify      bindings to return.5.4.  Options5.4.1.  Relay-ID Option   The Relay-ID option carries a DUID [RFC3315].  A relay agent MAY   include the option in Relay-Forward messages it sends.  Obviously, it   will not be possible for a server to respond to QUERY_BY_RELAY_ID   queries unless the relay agent has included this option.  A relay   SHOULD be able to generate a DUID for this purpose, and capture the   result in stable storage.  A relay SHOULD also allow the DUID value   to be configurable: doing so allows an administrator to replace a   relay agent while retaining the association between the relay and   existing DHCPv6 bindings.Stapp                       Standards Track                     [Page 8]

RFC 5460                 DHCPv6 Bulk Leasequery            February 2009   A DHCPv6 server MAY associate Relay-ID options from Relay-Forward   messages it processes with prefix delegations and/or lease bindings   that result.  Doing so allows it to respond to QUERY_BY_RELAY_ID   Leasequeries.   The format of the Relay-ID option is shown below:       0                   1                   2                   3       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+      |       OPTION_RELAY_ID         |          option-len           |      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+      .                                                               .      .                              DUID                             .      .                        (variable length)                      .      .                                                               .      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+      option-code   OPTION_RELAY_ID.      option-len    Length of DUID in octets.      DUID          The DUID for the relay agent.5.5.  Status Codes   QueryTerminated - Indicates that the server is unable to perform a   query or has prematurely terminated the query for some reason (which   should be communicated in the text of the message).  This may be   because the server is short of resources or is being shut down.  The   requestor may retry the query at a later time.  The requestor should   wait at least a short interval before retrying.  Note that while a   server may simply prematurely close its end of the connection, it is   preferable for the server to send a LEASEQUERY-REPLY or LEASEQUERY-   DONE with this status-code to notify the requestor of the condition.5.6.  Connection and Transmission Parameters   DHCPv6 servers that support Bulk Leasequery SHOULD listen for   incoming TCP connections on the DHCPv6 server port 547.   Implementations MAY offer to make the incoming port configurable, but   port 547 MUST be the default.  Client implementations SHOULD make TCP   connections to port 547, and MAY offer to make the destination server   port configurable.   This section presents a table of values used to control Bulk   Leasequery behavior, including recommended defaults.  Implementations   MAY make these values configurable.  However, configuring too-smallStapp                       Standards Track                     [Page 9]

RFC 5460                 DHCPv6 Bulk Leasequery            February 2009   timeout values may lead to harmful behavior both to this application   as well as to other traffic in the network.  As a result, timeout   values smaller than the default values are NOT RECOMMENDED.   Parameter             Default   Description   -------------------------------------------   BULK_LQ_DATA_TIMEOUT  300 s     Bulk Leasequery data timeout   BULK_LQ_MAX_CONNS     10        Max Bulk Leasequery TCP connections6.  Requestor Behavior6.1.  Connecting   A requestor attempts to establish a TCP connection to a DHCPv6 server   in order to initiate a Leasequery exchange.  If the attempt fails,   the requestor MAY retry.6.2.  Forming Queries   After a connection is established, the requestor constructs a   Leasequery message, as specified in [RFC5007].  The query may have   any of the defined query-types, and includes the options and data   required by the query-type chosen.  The requestor sends the message   size then sends the actual DHCPv6 message, as described inSection 5.1.   If the TCP connection becomes blocked or stops being writeable while   the requestor is sending its query, the requestor SHOULD be prepared   to terminate the connection after BULK_LQ_DATA_TIMEOUT.  We make this   recommendation to allow requestors to control the period of time they   are willing to wait before abandoning a connection, independent of   notifications from the TCP implementations they may be using.6.3.  Processing Replies   The requestor attempts to read a LEASEQUERY-REPLY message from the   TCP connection.  If the TCP connection stops delivering reply data   (if the connection stops being readable), the requestor SHOULD be   prepared to terminate the connection after BULK_LQ_DATA_TIMEOUT, and   MAY begin retry-processing if configured to do so.   The requestor examines the LEASEQUERY-REPLY message, and determines   how to proceed.  Message validation rules are specified in DHCPv6   Leasequery [RFC5007].  If the reply contains an error status code   (carried in an OPTION_STATUS_CODE option), the requestor follows the   recommendations in [RFC5007].  A successful reply that does not   include an OPTION_CLIENT_DATA option indicates that the target server   had no bindings matching the query.Stapp                       Standards Track                    [Page 10]

RFC 5460                 DHCPv6 Bulk Leasequery            February 2009   Note: The Leasequery protocol uses the OPTION_CLIENT_LINK option as   an indicator that multiple bindings were present in response to a   single query.  For Bulk Leasequery, the OPTION_CLIENT_LINK option is   not used, and MUST NOT be present in replies.   A successful LEASEQUERY-REPLY that is returning binding data includes   an OPTION_CLIENT_DATA option and possibly additional options.  If   there are additional bindings to be returned, they will be carried in   LEASEQUERY-DATA messages.  Each LEASEQUERY-DATA message contains an   OPTION_CLIENT_DATA option, and possibly other options.  A LEASEQUERY-   DATA message that does not contain an OPTION_CLIENT_DATA MUST be   discarded.   A single bulk query can result in a large number of replies.  For   example, a single relay agent might be responsible for routes for   thousands of clients' delegated prefixes.  The requestor MUST be   prepared to receive more than one LEASEQUERY-DATA with transaction-   ids matching a single LEASEQUERY message.   The LEASEQUERY-DONE message ends a successful Bulk Leasequery request   that returned at least one binding.  A LEASEQUERY-REPLY without any   bindings MUST NOT be followed by a LEASEQUERY-DONE message for the   same transaction-id.  After receiving LEASEQUERY-DONE from a server,   the requestor MAY close the TCP connection to that server.  If the   transaction-id in the LEASEQUERY-DONE does not match an outstanding   LEASEQUERY message, the client MUST close the TCP connection.6.3.1.  Reply Completion   The reply to a Bulk Leasequery request is complete (i.e., no further   messages for that request transaction-id will be received) when one   of these conditions is met:   1.  if the LEASEQUERY-REPLY message had no OPTION_CLIENT_DATA option,       when the LEASEQUERY-REPLY is received,   2.  else if the LEASEQUERY-REPLY did have an OPTION_CLIENT_DATA, when       the corresponding LEASEQUERY-DONE message is received,   3.  else when the connection is closed.6.4.  Querying Multiple Servers   A Bulk Leasequery client MAY be configured to attempt to connect to   and query from multiple DHCPv6 servers in parallel.  The DHCPv6   Leasequery specification [RFC5007] includes a discussion about   reconciling binding data received from multiple DHCPv6 servers.Stapp                       Standards Track                    [Page 11]

RFC 5460                 DHCPv6 Bulk Leasequery            February 20096.5.  Multiple Queries to a Single Server   Bulk Leasequery clients may need to make multiple queries in order to   recover binding information.  A requestor MAY use a single connection   to issue multiple queries.  Each query MUST have a unique   transaction-id.  A server MAY process more than one query at a time.   A server that is willing to do so MAY interleave replies to the   multiple queries within the stream of reply messages it sends.   Clients need to be aware that replies for multiple queries may be   interleaved within the stream of reply messages.  Clients that are   not able to process interleaved replies (based on transaction-id)   MUST NOT send more than one query at a time.  Requestors should be   aware that servers are not required to process queries in parallel,   and that servers are likely to limit the rate at which they process   queries from any one requestor.6.5.1.  Example   This example illustrates what a series of queries and responses might   look like.  This is only an example -- there is no requirement that   this sequence must be followed, or that clients or servers must   support parallel queries.   In the example session, the client sends four queries after   establishing a connection; "xid" denotes a transaction-id in the   diagram.  Query 1 results in a failure; query 2 succeeds and the   stream of replies concludes before the client issues any new query.   Query 3 and query 4 overlap, and the server interleaves its replies   to those two queries.Stapp                       Standards Track                    [Page 12]

RFC 5460                 DHCPv6 Bulk Leasequery            February 2009        Client                        Server        ------                        ------        LEASEQUERY xid 1 ----->                         <-----       LEASEQUERY-REPLY xid 1 (w/error)        LEASEQUERY xid 2 ----->                         <-----       LEASEQUERY-REPLY xid 2                         <-----       LEASEQUERY-DATA xid 2                         <-----       LEASEQUERY-DATA xid 2                         <-----       LEASEQUERY-DONE xid 2        LEASEQUERY xid 3 ----->        LEASEQUERY xid 4 ----->                         <-----       LEASEQUERY-REPLY xid 4                         <-----       LEASEQUERY-DATA xid 4                         <-----       LEASEQUERY-REPLY xid 3                         <-----       LEASEQUERY-DATA xid 4                         <-----       LEASEQUERY-DATA xid 3                         <-----       LEASEQUERY-DONE xid 3                         <-----       LEASEQUERY-DATA xid 4                         <-----       LEASEQUERY-DONE xid 46.6.  Closing Connections   The requestor MAY close its end of the TCP connection after sending a   LEASEQUERY message to the server.  The requestor MAY choose to retain   the connection if it intends to issue additional queries.  Note that   this client behavior does not guarantee that the connection will be   available for additional queries: the server might decide to close   the connection based on its own configuration.7.  Server Behavior7.1.  Accepting Connections   Servers that implement DHCPv6 Bulk Leasequery listen for incoming TCP   connections.  Port numbers are discussed inSection 5.6.  Servers   MUST be able to limit the number of currently accepted and active   connections.  The value BULK_LQ_MAX_CONNS MUST be the default;   implementations MAY permit the value to be configurable.   Servers MAY restrict Bulk Leasequery connections and LEASEQUERY   messages to certain clients.  Connections that are not from permitted   clients SHOULD BE closed immediately, to avoid server connection   resource exhaustion.  Servers MAY restrict some clients to certain   query types.  Servers MAY reply to queries that are not permitted   with the NotAllowed status code [RFC5007], and/or close the   connection.Stapp                       Standards Track                    [Page 13]

RFC 5460                 DHCPv6 Bulk Leasequery            February 2009   If the TCP connection becomes blocked while the server is accepting a   connection or reading a query, it SHOULD be prepared to terminate the   connection after BULK_LQ_DATA_TIMEOUT.  We make this recommendation   to allow Servers to control the period of time they are willing to   wait before abandoning an inactive connection, independent of the TCP   implementations they may be using.7.2.  Forming Replies   The DHCPv6 Leasequery [RFC5007] specification describes the initial   construction of LEASEQUERY-REPLY messages and the processing of   QUERY_BY_ADDRESS and QUERY_BY_CLIENTID.  Use of the LEASEQUERY-REPLY   and LEASEQUERY-DATA messages to carry multiple bindings is described   inSection 5.2.  Message transmission and framing for TCP is   described inSection 5.1.  If the connection becomes blocked while   the server is attempting to send reply messages, the server SHOULD be   prepared to terminate the TCP connection after BULK_LQ_DATA_TIMEOUT.   If the server encounters an error during initial query processing,   before any reply has been sent, it SHOULD send a LEASEQUERY-REPLY   containing an error code in an OPTION_STATUS_CODE option.  This   signals to the requestor that no data will be returned.  If the   server encounters an error while processing a query that has already   resulted in one or more reply messages, the server SHOULD send a   LEASEQUERY-DONE message with an error status.  The server SHOULD   close its end of the connection as an indication that it was not able   to complete query processing.   If the server does not find any bindings satisfying a query, it   SHOULD send a LEASEQUERY-REPLY without an OPTION_STATUS_CODE option   and without any OPTION_CLIENT_DATA option.  Otherwise, the server   sends each binding's data in a reply message.  The first reply   message is a LEASEQUERY-REPLY.  The binding data is carried in an   OPTION_CLIENT_DATA option, as specified in [RFC5007] and extended   below.  The server returns subsequent bindings in LEASEQUERY-DATA   messages, which can avoid redundant data (such as the requestor's   Client-ID).   For QUERY_BY_RELAY_ID, the server locates each binding associated   with the query's Relay-ID option value.  In order to give a   meaningful reply to a QUERY_BY_RELAY_ID, the server has to be able to   maintain this association in its DHCPv6 binding data.  If the query's   link-address is not set to 0::0, the server only returns bindings on   links that could contain that address.  If the link-address is not   0::0 and the server cannot find any matching links, the server SHOULD   return the NotConfigured status in a LEASEQUERY-REPLY.Stapp                       Standards Track                    [Page 14]

RFC 5460                 DHCPv6 Bulk Leasequery            February 2009   For QUERY_BY_LINK_ADDRESS, the server locates each binding associated   with the link identified by the query's link-address value.   For QUERY_BY_REMOTE_ID, the server locates each binding associated   with the query's Relay Remote-ID option value.  In order to be able   to give meaningful replies to this query, the server has to be able   to maintain this association in its binding database.  If the query   message's link-address is not set to 0::0, the server only returns   bindings on links that could contain that address.  If the link-   address is not 0::0 and the server cannot find any matching links,   the server SHOULD return the NotConfigured status in a LEASEQUERY-   REPLY.   The server sends the LEASEQUERY-DONE message as specified inSection 5.2.7.3.  Multiple or Parallel Queries   As discussed inSection 6.5, requestors may want to leverage an   existing connection if they need to make multiple queries.  Servers   MAY support reading and processing multiple queries from a single   connection.  A server MUST NOT read more query messages from a   connection than it is prepared to process simultaneously.   This MAY be a feature that is administratively controlled.  Servers   that are able to process queries in parallel SHOULD offer   configuration that limits the number of simultaneous queries   permitted from any one requestor, in order to control resource use if   there are multiple requestors seeking service.7.4.  Closing Connections   The server MAY close its end of the TCP connection after sending its   last message (a LEASEQUERY-REPLY or a LEASEQUERY-DONE) in response to   a query.  Alternatively, the server MAY retain the connection and   wait for additional queries from the client.  The server SHOULD be   prepared to limit the number of connections it maintains, and SHOULD   be prepared to close idle connections to enforce the limit.   The server MUST close its end of the TCP connection if it encounters   an error sending data on the connection.  The server MUST close its   end of the TCP connection if it finds that it has to abort an in-   process request.  A server aborting an in-process request MAY attempt   to notify its clients by using the QueryTerminated (Section 5.5)   status code.  If the server detects that the client end has been   closed, the server MUST close its end of the connection after it has   finished processing any outstanding requests from the client.Stapp                       Standards Track                    [Page 15]

RFC 5460                 DHCPv6 Bulk Leasequery            February 20098.  Security Considerations   The "Security Considerations" section of [RFC3315] details the   general threats to DHCPv6.  The DHCPv6 Leasequery specification   [RFC5007] describes recommendations for the Leasequery protocol,   especially with regard to relayed LEASEQUERY messages, mitigation of   packet-flooding denial-of-service (DoS) attacks, restriction to   trusted clients, and use of IPsec [RFC4301].   The use of TCP introduces some additional concerns.  Attacks that   attempt to exhaust the DHCPv6 server's available TCP connection   resources, such as SYN flooding attacks, can compromise the ability   of legitimate clients to receive service.  Malicious clients who   succeed in establishing connections, but who then send invalid   queries, partial queries, or no queries at all also can exhaust a   server's pool of available connections.  We recommend that servers   offer configuration to limit the sources of incoming connections,   that they limit the number of accepted connections and the number of   in-process queries from any one connection, and that they limit the   period of time during which an idle connection will be left open.9.  IANA Considerations   IANA has assigned a new value in the registry of DHCPv6 Option Codes:      53 OPTION_RELAY_ID   IANA has assigned a new value in the registry of DHCPv6 Status Codes:      11 QueryTerminated   IANA has assigned the following values in the registry of DHCPv6   Message types:      16 LEASEQUERY-DONE      17 LEASEQUERY-DATA   IANA has assigned the following values in the registry of query-types   for the DHCPv6 OPTION_LQ_QUERY option:      3 QUERY_BY_RELAY_ID      4 QUERY_BY_LINK_ADDRESS      5 QUERY_BY_REMOTE_ID   The above-mentioned registries are available fromhttp://www.iana.org.Stapp                       Standards Track                    [Page 16]

RFC 5460                 DHCPv6 Bulk Leasequery            February 200910.  Acknowledgments   Many of the ideas in this document were originally proposed by Kim   Kinnear, Richard Johnson, Hemant Singh, Ole Troan, and Bernie Volz.   Further suggestions and improvements were made by participants in the   DHC working group, including John Brzozowski, Marcus Goller, Alfred   Hoenes, Ted Lemon, Bud Millwood, and Thomas Narten.11.  References11.1.  Normative References   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate              Requirement Levels",BCP 14,RFC 2119, March 1997.   [RFC3315]  Droms, R., Bound, J., Volz, B., Lemon, T., Perkins, C.,              and M. Carney, "Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for              IPv6 (DHCPv6)",RFC 3315, July 2003.   [RFC3633]  Troan, O. and R. Droms, "IPv6 Prefix Options for Dynamic              Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) version 6",RFC 3633,              December 2003.   [RFC4649]  Volz, B., "Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6              (DHCPv6) Relay Agent Remote-ID Option",RFC 4649,              August 2006.   [RFC5007]  Brzozowski, J., Kinnear, K., Volz, B., and S. Zeng,              "DHCPv6 Leasequery",RFC 5007, September 2007.11.2.  Informative References   [RFC4301]  Kent, S. and K. Seo, "Security Architecture for the              Internet Protocol",RFC 4301, December 2005.   [RFC4614]  Duke, M., Braden, R., Eddy, W., and E. Blanton, "A Roadmap              for Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Specification              Documents",RFC 4614, September 2006.Stapp                       Standards Track                    [Page 17]

RFC 5460                 DHCPv6 Bulk Leasequery            February 2009Author's Address   Mark Stapp   Cisco Systems, Inc.   1414 Massachusetts Ave.   Boxborough, MA  01719   USA   Phone: +1 978 936 0000   EMail: mjs@cisco.comStapp                       Standards Track                    [Page 18]