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Network Working Group                                    K. van den HoutRequest for Comments: 2322                           HvU/HIP-networkteamCategory: Informational                                        A. Koopal                                                UUnet NL/HIP-networkteam                                                             R. van Mook                                    University of Twente/HIP-networkteam                                                            1 April 1998Management of IP numbers by peg-dhcpStatus of this Memo   This memo provides information for the Internet community.  It does   not specify an Internet standard of any kind.  Distribution of this   memo is unlimited.Copyright Notice   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1998).  All Rights Reserved.Introduction   This RFC describes a protocol to dynamically hand out ip-numbers on   field networks and small events that don't necessarily have a clear   organisational body.   It can also provide some fixed additional fields global for all   clients like netmask and even autoproxyconfigs. It does not depend on   a particular ip-stack.History of the protocol.   The practice of using pegs for assigning IP-numbers was first used at   the HIP event (http://www.hip97.nl/). HIP stands for Hacking In   Progress, a large three-day event where more then a thousand hackers   from all over the world gathered. This event needed to have a TCP/IP   lan with an Internet connection.  Visitors and participants of the   HIP could bring along computers and hook them up to the HIP network.   During preparations for the HIP event we ran into the problem of how   to assign IP-numbers on such a large scale as was predicted for the   event without running into troubles like assigning duplicate numbers   or skipping numbers. Due to the variety of expected computers with   associated IP stacks a software solution like a Unix DHCP server   would probably not function for all cases and create unexpected   technical problems.van den Hout, et. al.        Informational                      [Page 1]

RFC 2322          Management of IP numbers by peg-dhcp      1 April 1998   So a way of centrally administrating IP-numbers and giving them out   to people to use on their computers had to be devised. After some   discussion, the idea came up of using wooden clothes-pegs. Using pegs   has the following advantages in respect to other methods:      - cheap      - a peg is a 'token' and represents one IP-number, therefore        making the status of the IP-number (allocated or not allocated)        visible.      - a peg can be clipped to a network cable giving a very clear        view of where a given IP-number is in use.   Credits for the original idea of using wooden pegs go to Daniel   Ockeloen.The server.   The server can have many appearances. At HIP it was a large tent   situated at the central field where all the activities were. It can   also be a small table in the corner of a terminalroom.   The server can hand out two parts to the client, the peg and a paper   with additional fields fixed for the site the server is running for.   We will describe both here.The peg.   On the peg the IP-number is mentioned. The text on the peg can be   described according to the following BNF:   Total ::== IP | Net   IP ::== num.num.num.num | num.num | num   Net ::== num.num.num/mask | num.num/mask | num/mask   num ::== {1..255}   mask ::== {8..31}   The Net-method of writing larger nets is an optional part of the   protocol, it doesn't have to be implemented. If it is implemented, it   requires more administration at the server (see below).   The short versions of the IP-number with only 1 or 2 chunks are meant   for large servers where writing the whole number on the peg is just   boring and time-consuming. It requires the prefix to be mentioned on   the additional field paper, but that can be produced in morevan den Hout, et. al.        Informational                      [Page 2]

RFC 2322          Management of IP numbers by peg-dhcp      1 April 1998   convenient ways. It is not recommended to work with more prefixes. It   is better to write more numbers on the peg and use a smaller prefix.   If the network to be numbered is rather large and some kind of   subnetting has to be implemented it is possible to give the pegs from   the different subnets different colors. This has proven to be a very   convenient way at HIP.The additional vendorfield paper.   This part is meant for information that is fixed for the whole site.   It can either be implemented as small printed notes handed out with   the peg or as a large paper billboard hung at a convenient place   where everybody can read it.   The information can be described with the following BNF:   Network ::== num.num.num.num   Netmask ::== num.num.num.num | num   Gateway ::== num.num.num.num | num.num | num   Proxy ::== num.num.num.num:port | num.num:port | num:port   Paper ::== Network Netmask Gateway Proxy | Network Netmask Gateway   num ::== {0..255}   port ::== {1..65535}   The paper and the peg are of course one part, if two numbers are used   on the peg, two numbers are used on the paper.   Because it is fixed information, it can be produced with means of   mass-production (printing, copying).The IP-repository   Due to the nature of the peg, the repository can be quite simple.   Just a clothes-line with all the pegs that are ready to be handed out   attached to it. If you work with different subnets, it is convenient   to group the pegs for the different subnets (colors).   At large networks where it is not really known how many IP-numbers   are needed, a first set of pegs can be made in advance, and the   administration of produced pegs kept on paper so it is known for   which numbers pegs have already been made. If use is made of thevan den Hout, et. al.        Informational                      [Page 3]

RFC 2322          Management of IP numbers by peg-dhcp      1 April 1998   net-extension on the pegs, numbers given out that way can be   administrated this way too.Issuing IP-numbers.   The pegs and the IP-numbers are issued at the server to the client.   Normally the client has to visit the server personally. Depending on   how secure and controlled you want the process, the client has to ask   for a peg to a responsible person, or he or she can just get a peg   from store himself.   If someone could apply for a networkrange, and he net-extension isn't   used, coat-hangers can be prepared with sets of pegs attached to   them.   The vendorfields paper doesn't have to be issued with every peg, it   is only needed when wanted.Reclaiming and reusing IP-numbers.   It is not easy to implement a TTL in this protocol. One obvious TTL   is the duration of the event after which the IP-numbers are not valid   anymore.   However, if a client decides that it doesn't need an IP-number   anymore it can bring the peg back to the server.   The server should at that point decide what to do, if desired, it can   bring the peg back into the pool (attach it to the clothes-line   again).   If the server is not manned (the client has to help themselves), the   only thing possible is that the client just places the peg back into   the pool.The client side.   The optimum location for the peg is clipped to the network cable near   the NIC of the device needing an IP-number allocated. This ensures a   clear visual connection between the device and the IP-number   allocated and makes it an easy task to see which IP-number is   allocated.   Transfer of the IP information from the peg and the additional   vendorfield paper note to the settings in the IP stack is done by   human transfer. A person reads the information from the peg and from   the additional information and enters this in the configuration of   the used IP stack.  This transfer is not completely free ofvan den Hout, et. al.        Informational                      [Page 4]

RFC 2322          Management of IP numbers by peg-dhcp      1 April 1998   corruption of the information or loss of the information contained on   the peg.   A certain amount of knowledge of the logic of IP settings is also   assumed on the part of the person transferring the information.   Other information on the vendorfield paper note has to be transferred   to the settings within specific application programs.Use with other protocols   This protocol could be combined with avian carriers as described inRFC 1149 to hand out IP-numbers remote.   At the first avian carrier, the peg is clipped to the leg of the   carrier after rolling the additional vendorfield paper around it.   The remote site can take the peg on arrival of the avian carrier and   use the information on it.   This part of the protocol is still experimental and requires some   additional research on topics like the weight of the peg and loss of   the peg/whole carrier.Security Considerations   Some remarks about security can be made.   Pegs are small devices and can be lost. At that time, the IP-number   which was lost can't be used anymore because someone else can find   the peg and use the information stored on it.  But, once the peg is   attached to a network cable, the chance to loose the peg is   minimized.   All the information on both the peg and on the additional 'fixed'   fields on the paper record are plain text and readable for everyone.   Private information should not be exchanged through this protocol.   On the client side all sorts of clients exist and cooperate freely.   Due to the human factor of the clients transferring information from   peg to IP stack, the information can be misinterpreted, which could   cause network troubles.  In the field test at HIP this became   perfectly clear when someone mixed up the numbers and used the   address from the default router as his IP-number, rendering the   network useless for a period of time.van den Hout, et. al.        Informational                      [Page 5]

RFC 2322          Management of IP numbers by peg-dhcp      1 April 1998Authors' Addresses   Koos van den Hout   Hogeschool van Utrecht / Expertisecentrum Cetis   P.O. box 85029   3508 AA Utrecht   The Netherlands   Phone: +31-30-2586287   Fax:   +31-30-2586292   EMail: koos@cetis.hvu.nl   Andre Koopal   UUnet Netherlands   P.O. box 12954   1100 AZ  AMSTERDAM   The Netherlands   Phone: +31-20-4952727   Fax:   +31-20-4952737   EMail: andre@NL.net   Remco van Mook   Van Mook Consulting   Calslaan 10-31   7522 MA Enschede   The Netherlands   Phone: +31-53-4895267   EMail: remco@sateh.comvan den Hout, et. al.        Informational                      [Page 6]

RFC 2322          Management of IP numbers by peg-dhcp      1 April 1998Full Copyright Statement   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1998).  All Rights Reserved.   This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to   others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it   or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published   and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any   kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are   included on all such copies and derivative works.  However, this   document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing   the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other   Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of   developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for   copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be   followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than   English.   The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be   revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns.   This document and the information contained herein is provided on an   "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING   TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING   BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION   HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF   MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.van den Hout, et. al.        Informational                      [Page 7]