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INFORMATIONAL

Internet Architecture Board (IAB) J. LevineRequest for Comments: 7669 Taughannock NetworksCategory: Informational October 2015ISSN: 2070-1721Assigning Digital Object Identifiers to RFCsAbstract This document describes the way that Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) are assigned to past and future RFCs. The DOI is a widely used system that assigns unique identifiers to digital documents that can be queried and managed in a consistent fashion.Status of This Memo This document is not an Internet Standards Track specification; it is published for informational purposes. This document is a product of the Internet Architecture Board (IAB) and represents information that the IAB has deemed valuable to provide for permanent record. It represents the consensus of the Internet Architecture Board (IAB). Documents approved for publication by the IAB are not a candidate for any level of Internet Standard; seeSection 2 of RFC 5741. Information about the current status of this document, any errata, and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained athttp://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7669.Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2015 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject toBCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document.Levine Informational [Page 1]

RFC 7669                      DOIs for RFCs                 October 2015Table of Contents1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22.  Structure and Resolution of DOIs  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33.  DOIs for RFCs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44.  The Process of Assigning DOIs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44.1.  Getting a DOI Prefix  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44.2.  Retroactively Assigning DOIs  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54.3.  Assigning DOIs to New RFCs  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54.4.  Use of DOIs in RFCs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54.5.  Possible Future Work  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65.  Internationalization  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67.  Informative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6   IAB Members at the Time of Approval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7   Author's Address  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81.  Introduction   The Digital Object Identifier (DOI) system assigns unique identifiers   to digital documents that can be queried and managed in a consistent   fashion.  The structure of DOIs is defined by ISO 26324:2012   [ISO-DOI] and is implemented by a group of registration agencies   coordinated by the International DOI Foundation.   Each DOI is associated with bibliographic metadata about the object,   including one or more URIs where the object can be found.  The   metadata is stored in a public database with entries retrieved via   HTTP.   DOIs are widely used by publishers and consumers of technical   journals and other technical material published online.   Page 15 of [CITABILITY] indicates that (note that citations have been   omitted):      Typical web addresses are unreliable for locating online      resources, because they can move, change or disappear entirely.      But persistent identifiers are fixed, with an infrastructure that      allows for the location of the item to be updated.  The result is      that the identifier can provide persistent access to the data.      DataCite provides such a service, and DOIs (used by DataCite) were      by far the identifier most commonly mentioned by interviewees,      closely followed by Handles (on which the DOI system is built).      There was a keen preference for DOIs from interviewees because      this is a system already used and understood by publishers for      traditional publications and so the barrier to uptake would      presumably be lower than for an entirely novel system.Levine                        Informational                     [Page 2]

RFC 7669 DOIs for RFCs October 2015 Some scholarly publishers accept DOIs as references in published documents, and some versions of BibTeX can automatically retrieve the bibliographic data for a DOI and format it. DOIs may have other advantages, such as making it easier to find the free online versions of RFCs rather than paywalled copies when following references or using some document indexes. The benefits of DOIs apply equally to documents from all of the RFC submission streams, so all RFCs are assigned DOIs.2. Structure and Resolution of DOIs DOIs are an application of the Handle System defined by RFCs [RFC3650], [RFC3651], and [RFC3652]. For example, a DOI for an RFC might be as follows: 10.17487/rfc1149 The first part of a DOI is the number 10, which means a DOI within the Handle System, followed by a dot and a unique number assigned to a publisher, in this case 17487. This part is the DOI prefix. Following that is a slash and a text string assigned by the publisher, called the DOI suffix. DOIs are treated as opaque identifiers. The DOI suffixes assigned to RFCs are currently based on the "doc-id" field of the RFC index in XML (rfc-index.xml), but the suffix of future RFCs might be based on something else if circumstances change. Hence, the reliable way to find the DOI for an RFC is not to guess, but to look it up in the RFC index or on the RFC Editor website <https://www.rfc-editor.org/>. RFC references created from entries in the usual bibxml libraries will have DOIs included automatically. Although the Handle System has its own protocol described in [RFC3652], the usual way to look up a DOI is to use web lookup. A proposed "doi:" URN was never widely implemented, so the standard way to look up a DOI is to use the public HTTP proxy at <https://dx.doi.org>. The example DOI above could be looked up at:https://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc1149 Whenever a publisher assigns a DOI, it provides the bibliographic metadata for the object (henceforth called a document, since that is what they are in this context) to its registration agency that then makes it available to clients that look up DOIs. The document's metadata is typically uploaded to the registration agency in XML using an HTTP-based API. Users or publishing software can retrieveLevine Informational [Page 3]

RFC 7669                      DOIs for RFCs                 October 2015   the metadata by fetching the DOI's URL and using standard HTTP   content negotiation to request application/citeproc+json,   application/rdf+xml, or other bibliographic formats.   Publishers have considerable flexibility as to what resides at the   URI(s) to which a DOI refers.  Sometimes it's the document itself,   while for commercial publishers it's typically a page with the   abstract, bibliographic information, and some way to buy the actual   document.  Because some RFCs are in multiple formats (e.g.,   Postscript and text), an appropriate URI is that of the RFC Editor's   info page that has the document's abstract and links to the   document(s) in various formats.  Hence, the URI above, when fetched   via an HTTP request that accepts text/html, redirects to:https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc1149   More information on the structure and use of DOIs is in the DOI   Handbook [DOI-HB].3.  DOIs for RFCs   With DOIs assigned to each RFC, it is useful to include DOI   information in the XML bibliography as a "seriesInfo" item, so that   rendering engines can display it if desired.  Online databases and   indexes that include RFCs should be updated to include the DOI, e.g.,   the ACM Digital Library.  (A practical advantage of this is that the   DOI would link directly to the RFC Editor, rather than perhaps to a   copy of an RFC behind a paywall.)   Since RFCs are immutable, existing RFCs still don't mention their own   DOIs within the RFCs themselves, but putting their DOIs into indexes   would provide value.4.  The Process of Assigning DOIs   There are three phases to assigning DOIs to RFCs: getting a DOI   prefix, retroactively assigning DOIs to existing documents, and   updating the publication process to assign DOIs as new RFCs are   published.4.1.  Getting a DOI Prefix   There are ten registration agencies [DOI-RA] that assign DOI   prefixes.  Most of them serve specialized audiences or limited   geographic areas, but there are a few that handle scholarly and   technical materials.  All registration agencies charge for DOIs to   defray the cost of maintaining the metadata databases.Levine                        Informational                     [Page 4]

RFC 7669 DOIs for RFCs October 2015 The RFC Editor chose CrossRef, an agency widely used by journal publishers. The prices associated with CrossRef membership are on the order of $660.00 per year for membership, deposit fees of $0.15 cents per document for a bulk upload of the backfile (the existing RFCs), and $1.00 per document to deposit them as they are published. The RFC Editor's DOI prefix is 10.17487.4.2. Retroactively Assigning DOIs Other than paying the deposit fees, assigning DOIs to all of the existing RFCs was primarily a software problem. The RFC Production Center's internal database was updated to include a DOI field for each RFC, the schema for rfc-index.xml was updated to include a DOI field, and the scripts that create the XML and text indexes were updated to include the DOI for each RFC. A specialized DOI submission script extracted the metadata for all of the RFCs from the XML index and submitted it to the registration agency using the agency's online API.4.3. Assigning DOIs to New RFCs As RFCs are published, the publication software assigns a DOI to each new RFC. The submission script extracts the metadata for new RFCs from the XML index and submits the information for new RFCs to the registration agency.4.4. Use of DOIs in RFCs The DOI agency requests that documents that are assigned DOIs in turn include DOIs when possible when referring to other organizations' documents. DOIs can be listed using the existing seriesInfo field in the xml2rfc reference entity, and authors are requested provide DOIs for non-RFC documents when possible. The RFC Production Center might add missing DOIs when it's easy to do so, e.g., when the same reference with a DOI has appeared in a prior RFC, or a quick online search finds the DOI. Where the citation libraries include DOIs, the output (references created from those citation libraries) will include DOIs. The RFC Style Guide [RFC-STYLE] has been updated to describe the rules for including DOIs in the References sections of RFCs.Levine Informational [Page 5]

RFC 7669 DOIs for RFCs October 20154.5. Possible Future Work Since it is usually possible to retrieve the bibliographic information for a document from its DOI (as BibTeX can do, described above), it might also be worth adding this feature to xml2rfc, so a reference with only a DOI could be automatically fetched and expanded.5. Internationalization Adding DOIs presents no new internationalization issues. Since DOIs are opaque, the characters used in any particular DOI are unimportant beyond ensuring that they can be represented where needed. The Handle System says they are UTF-8-encoded Unicode, but in practice all DOIs appear to use only printable ASCII characters. The metadata for each RFC is uploaded as UTF-8-encoded XML.6. Security Considerations The DOI system adds a new way to locate RFCs and a bibliographic database containing a description of each RFC. The existing locations and bibliographic info are essentially unchanged, so there is no new dependency on the DOI system. Were CrossRef or the DOI database to suffer a security breach, it is hypothetically possible that users would be directed to locations other than the RFC Editor's web site or would retrieve incorrect bibliographic data, but the actual RFCs would remain intact.7. Informative References [CITABILITY] Kotarski, R., Reilly, S., Schrimpf, S., Smit, E., and K. Walshe, "Report on best practices for citability of data and on evolving roles in scholarly communication", 2012, <http://www.stm-assoc.org/2012_07_10_STM_Research_Data_Group_Data_Citation_and_Evolving_Roles_ODE_Report.pdf>. [DOI-HB] International DOI Foundation, "DOI Handbook", DOI 10.1000/182, April 2012, <http://www.doi.org/hb.html>. [DOI-RA] International DOI Foundation, "DOI Registration Agencies", July 2015, <http://www.doi.org/registration_agencies.html>.Levine Informational [Page 6]

RFC 7669                      DOIs for RFCs                 October 2015   [ISO-DOI]  International Organization for Standardization (ISO), "ISO              26324:2012 Information and documentation -- Digital object              identifier system", June 2012,              <http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail?csnumber=43506>.   [RFC-STYLE]              RFC Editor, "RFC Editor Style Guide",              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/styleguide/>.   [RFC3650]  Sun, S., Lannom, L., and B. Boesch, "Handle System              Overview",RFC 3650, DOI 10.17487/RFC3650, November 2003,              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3650>.   [RFC3651]  Sun, S., Reilly, S., and L. Lannom, "Handle System              Namespace and Service Definition",RFC 3651,              DOI 10.17487/RFC3651, November 2003,              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3651>.   [RFC3652]  Sun, S., Reilly, S., Lannom, L., and J. Petrone, "Handle              System Protocol (ver 2.1) Specification",RFC 3652,              DOI 10.17487/RFC3652, November 2003,              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3652>.IAB Members at the Time of Approval   Jari Arkko (IETF Chair)   Mary Barnes   Marc Blanchet   Ralph Droms   Ted Hardie   Joe Hildebrand   Russ Housley   Erik Nordmark   Robert Sparks   Andrew Sullivan (IAB Chair)   Dave Thaler   Brian Trammell   Suzanne WoolfLevine                        Informational                     [Page 7]

RFC 7669                      DOIs for RFCs                 October 2015Author's Address   John Levine   Taughannock Networks   PO Box 727   Trumansburg, NY  14886   Phone: +1 831 480 2300   Email: standards@taugh.com   URI:http://jl.lyLevine                        Informational                     [Page 8]

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