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Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)                        V. CakulevRequest for Comments: 6738                                Alcatel LucentCategory: Standards Track                                        A. LiorISSN: 2070-1721                                      Bridgewater Systems                                                           S. Mizikovsky                                                          Alcatel Lucent                                                            October 2012Diameter IKEv2 SK: Using Shared Keys to Support Interaction betweenIKEv2 Servers and Diameter ServersAbstract   The Internet Key Exchange Protocol version 2 (IKEv2) is a component   of the IPsec architecture and is used to perform mutual   authentication as well as to establish and to maintain IPsec Security   Associations (SAs) between the respective parties.  IKEv2 supports   several different authentication mechanisms, such as the Extensible   Authentication Protocol (EAP), certificates, and Shared Key (SK).   Diameter interworking for Mobile IPv6 between the Home Agent (HA), as   a Diameter client, and the Diameter server has been specified.   However, that specification focused on the usage of EAP and did not   include support for SK-based authentication available with IKEv2.   This document specifies the IKEv2-server-to-Diameter-server   communication when the IKEv2 peer authenticates using IKEv2 with SK.Status of This Memo   This is an Internet Standards Track document.   This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force   (IETF).  It represents the consensus of the IETF community.  It has   received public review and has been approved for publication by the   Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG).  Further information on   Internet Standards is available inSection 2 of RFC 5741.   Information about the current status of this document, any errata,   and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained athttp://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6738.Cakulev, et al.              Standards Track                    [Page 1]

RFC 6738                    Diameter IKEv2 SK               October 2012Copyright Notice   Copyright (c) 2012 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the   document authors.  All rights reserved.   This document is subject toBCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents   (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of   publication of this document.  Please review these documents   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as   described in the Simplified BSD License.Table of Contents1. Introduction ....................................................32. Requirements Notation ...........................................42.1. Abbreviations ..............................................43. Application Identifier ..........................................54. Protocol Description ............................................54.1. Support for IKEv2 and Shared Keys ..........................54.2. Session Management .........................................74.2.1. Session-Termination-Request/Answer ..................74.2.2. Abort-Session-Request/Answer ........................75. Command Codes for Diameter IKEv2 with SK ........................75.1. IKEv2-SK-Request (IKESKR) Command ..........................85.2. IKEv2-SK-Answer (IKESKA) Command ...........................96. Attribute-Value Pair Definitions ...............................106.1. IKEv2-Nonces ..............................................106.1.1. Ni .................................................106.1.2. Nr .................................................106.2. IKEv2-Identity ............................................106.2.1. Initiator-Identity .................................106.2.2. Responder-Identity .................................117. AVP Occurrence Tables ..........................................128. AVP Flag Rules .................................................139. IANA Considerations ............................................149.1. Command Codes .............................................149.2. AVP Codes .................................................149.3. AVP Values ................................................149.4. Application Identifier ....................................1410. Security Considerations .......................................1511. References ....................................................1611.1. Normative References .....................................1611.2. Informative References ...................................16Cakulev, et al.              Standards Track                    [Page 2]

RFC 6738                    Diameter IKEv2 SK               October 20121.  Introduction   The Internet Key Exchange Protocol version 2 (IKEv2) [RFC5996] is   used to mutually authenticate two parities and to establish a   Security Association (SA) that can be used to efficiently secure the   communication between the IKEv2 peer and server, for example, using   Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) [RFC4303] and/or Authentication   Header (AH) [RFC4302].  The IKEv2 protocol allows several different   mechanisms for authenticating an IKEv2 peer to be used, such as the   Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP), certificates, and SK.   From a service provider perspective, it is important to ensure that a   user is authorized to use the services.  Therefore, the IKEv2 server   must verify that the IKEv2 peer is authorized for the requested   services, possibly with the assistance of the operator's Diameter   servers.  [RFC5778] defines the home agent as a Diameter-client-to-   Diameter-server communication when the mobile node authenticates   using the IKEv2 protocol with the Extensible Authentication Protocol   (EAP) [RFC3748] or using the Mobile IPv6 Authentication Protocol   [RFC4285].  This document specifies the IKEv2-server-to-Diameter-   server communication when the IKEv2 peer authenticates using IKEv2   with SK.   Figure 1 depicts the reference architecture for this document.                                       +--------+                                       |Diameter|                                       |Server  |                                       +--------+                                           ^                                  Back-End | IKEv2 Server<->HAAA Server                                  Support  | Interaction                                  Protocol | (this document)                                           v   +---------+                      +---------------+   | IKEv2   |  Front-End Protocol  |IKEv2 Server/  |   | Peer    |<-------------------->|Diameter Client|   +---------+       IKEv2          +---------------+                      Figure 1: Architecture Overview   An example use case for this architecture is Mobile IPv6 deployment   in which the Mobile IPv6 signaling between the Mobile Node and the   Home Agent is protected using IPsec.  The Mobile node acts as the   IKEv2 peer and the Home Agent acts as an IKEv2 server.  In this use   case, IKEv2 with SK-based initiator authentication is used for the   setup of the IPsec SAs.  The HA obtains the SK using the Diameter   application specified in this document.Cakulev, et al.              Standards Track                    [Page 3]

RFC 6738                    Diameter IKEv2 SK               October 2012   This document assumes that the SK provided to the IKEv2 peer as well   as the SK delivered to the IKEv2 server by the Diameter server are   established or derived using the same rules.  Furthermore, it assumes   that these rules are agreed to by the external protocol on a peer   side providing the key to the IKEv2 peer, and on the Diameter server   side providing the key to the IKEv2 server.  This document allows for   the SK to be obtained for a specific IKEv2 session and exchanged   between IKEv2 server and the Home Authentication, Authorization, and   Accounting (HAAA) server.  The protocol provides IKEv2 attributes to   allow the HAAA to compute the SK specific to the session if desired   (seeSection 10).  This is accomplished through the use of a new   Diameter application specifically designed for performing IKEv2   authorization decisions.  This document focuses on the IKEv2 server,   as a Diameter client, communicating to the Diameter server, and it   specifies the Diameter application needed for this communication.   Other protocols leveraging this Diameter application MAY specify   their own SK derivation scheme.  For example see [X.S0047] and   [X.S0058].  This document specifies the default procedure for   derivation of the SK used in IKEv2 authentication when protocols   leveraging this Diameter application do not specify their own   derivation procedure.  Selection of either default or other SK   derivation procedure is done by the external protocol between the   Peer and the Diameter Server, and is outside the scope of this   document.2.  Requirements Notation   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this   document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].2.1.  Abbreviations   AH        Authentication Header   AVP       Attribute-Value Pair   EAP       Extensible Authentication Protocol   ESP       Encapsulating Security Payload   HAAA      Home Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting   IKEv2     Internet Key Exchange Protocol version 2   NAI       Network Access Identifier   PSK       Pre-Shared KeyCakulev, et al.              Standards Track                    [Page 4]

RFC 6738                    Diameter IKEv2 SK               October 2012   SA        Security Association   SK        Shared Key   SPI       Security Parameter Index3.  Application Identifier   This specification defines a new Diameter application and its   respective Application Identifier:      Diameter IKE SK  (IKESK)  11   The IKESK Application Identifier is used when the IKEv2 peer is to be   authenticated and authorized using IKEv2 with SK-based   authentication.4.  Protocol Description4.1.  Support for IKEv2 and Shared Keys   When IKEv2 is used with SK-based initiator authentication, the   Diameter commands IKEv2-SK-Request/Answer defined in this document   are used between the IKEv2 server and a Home AAA (HAAA) server to   authorize the IKEv2 peer for the services.  Upon receiving the   IKE_AUTH message from the IKEv2 peer, the IKEv2 server uses the   information received in IDi [RFC5996] to identify the IKEv2 peer and   the SPI, if available, to determine the correct SK for this IKEv2   peer.  If no SK associated with this IKEv2 peer is found, the IKEv2   server MUST send an Authorize-Only (Auth-Request-Type set to   "Authorize-Only") Diameter IKEv2-SK-Request message to the HAAA to   obtain the SK.  If the IDi payload extracted from the IKE_AUTH   message contains an identity that is meaningful for the Diameter   infrastructure, such as a Network Access Identifier (NAI), it SHALL   be used by the IKEv2 server to populate the User-Name AVP in the   Diameter message.  Otherwise, it is out of scope of this document how   the IKEv2 server maps the value received in the IDi payload to the   User-Name AVP and whether or not the User-Name AVP is included in the   IKEv2-SK-Request message.  In the same Diameter message, the IKEv2   server SHALL also include the IKEv2-Nonces AVP with the initiator and   responder nonces (Ni and Nr) exchanged during initial IKEv2 exchange.   Finally, the IKEv2 server SHALL include the IKEv2-Identity AVP in the   IKEv2-SK-Request message.  The Initiator-Identity AVP SHALL be   populated with the IDi field extracted from the IKE_AUTH message.  If   the IDr payload was included in the IKE_AUTH message received from   the IKEv2 peer, the IKEv2 server SHALL also include a Responder-   Identity AVP populated with the received IDr.Cakulev, et al.              Standards Track                    [Page 5]

RFC 6738                    Diameter IKEv2 SK               October 2012   The IKEv2 server sends the IKEv2-SK-Request message to the IKEv2   peer's HAAA.  The Diameter message is routed to the correct HAAA per   [RFC6733].   Upon receiving a Diameter IKEv2-SK-Request message from the IKEv2   server, the HAAA SHALL use the User-Name AVP (if present) and/or   Initiator-Identity AVP to retrieve the associated keying material.   When the default SK-generation procedure specified in this document   is used, the peer side that provides the SK to the IKEv2 peer, as   well as the Diameter server, SHALL use the same SK derivation that   follows the methodology similar to that specified inSection 3.1 of   [RFC5295], specifically:   SK = KDF(PSK, key label | "\0" | Ni | Nr | IDi | length)   Where:   o  KDF is the default key derivation function based on HMAC-SHA-256      as specified inSection 3.1.2 of [RFC5295].   o  Pre-Shared Key (PSK) is the key available to the protocol      leveraging this Diameter application, e.g., the long-term shared      secret, or the Extended Master Session Key (EMSK) as the result of      prior EAP authentication, etc.  Selection of this value is left up      to the protocol leveraging this Diameter application.   o  Key label is set to 'sk4ikev2@ietf.org'.   o  | denotes concatenation   o  "\0" is a NULL octet (0x00 in hex)   o  Length is a 2-octet unsigned integer in network byte order of the      output key length, in octets.   When applications using this protocol define their own SK-generation   algorithm, it is strongly RECOMMENDED that the nonces Ni and Nr be   used in the computation.  It is also RECOMMENDED that IDi be used.   IDr SHOULD NOT be used in the SK generation algorithm.  Applications   that want to use IDr in the computation should take into   consideration that the IDr asserted by the IKEv2 peer may not be the   same as the IDr returned by the IKEv2 responder.  This mismatch will   result in different SKs being generated.  The HAAA returns the SK to   the IKEv2 server using the Key AVP as specified in [RFC6734].Cakulev, et al.              Standards Track                    [Page 6]

RFC 6738                    Diameter IKEv2 SK               October 2012   Once the IKEv2 server receives the SK from the HAAA, the IKEv2 server   verifies the IKE_AUTH message received from the IKEv2 peer.  If the   verification of AUTH is successful, the IKEv2 server sends the IKE   message back to the IKEv2 peer.4.2.  Session Management   The HAAA may maintain Diameter session state or may be stateless.   This is indicated by the presence or absence of the Auth-Session-   State AVP included in the answer message.  The IKEv2 server MUST   support the Authorization Session State Machine defined in [RFC6733].4.2.1.  Session-Termination-Request/Answer   In the case where the HAAA is maintaining session state, when the   IKEv2 server terminates the SA, it SHALL send a Session-Termination-   Request (STR) message [RFC6733] to inform the HAAA that the   authorized session has been terminated.   The Session-Termination-Answer (STA) message [RFC6733] is sent by the   HAAA to acknowledge the notification that the session has been   terminated.4.2.2.  Abort-Session-Request/Answer   The Abort-Session-Request (ASR) message [RFC6733] is sent by the HAAA   to the IKEv2 server to terminate the authorized session.  When the   IKEv2 server receives the ASR message, it MUST delete the   corresponding IKE_SA and all CHILD_SAs set up through it.   The Abort-Session-Answer (ASA) message [RFC6733] is sent by the IKEv2   server in response to an ASR message.5.  Command Codes for Diameter IKEv2 with SK   This section defines new Command Code values that MUST be supported   by all Diameter implementations conforming to this specification.   +------------------+---------+------+-----------------+-------------+   |   Command Name   | Abbrev. | Code |     Section     | Application |   |                  |         |      |    Reference    |             |   +------------------+---------+------+-----------------+-------------+   | IKEv2-SK-Request |  IKESKR |  329 |Section 5.1   |    IKESK    |   |                  |         |      |                 |             |   |  IKEv2-SK-Answer |  IKESKA |  329 |Section 5.2   |    IKESK    |   +------------------+---------+------+-----------------+-------------+                          Table 1: Command CodesCakulev, et al.              Standards Track                    [Page 7]

RFC 6738                    Diameter IKEv2 SK               October 20125.1.  IKEv2-SK-Request (IKESKR) Command   The IKEv2-SK-Request message, indicated with the Command Code set to   329 and the 'R' bit set in the Command Flags field, is sent from the   IKEv2 server to the HAAA to initiate IKEv2 with SK authorization.  In   this case, the Application-Id field of the Diameter header MUST be   set to the Diameter IKE SK Application-Id (11).   Message format         <IKEv2-SK-Request> ::= < Diameter Header: 329, REQ, PXY >                                 < Session-Id >                                 { Auth-Application-Id }                                 { Origin-Host }                                 { Origin-Realm }                                 { Destination-Realm }                                 { Auth-Request-Type }                                 [ Destination-Host ]                                 [ NAS-Identifier ]                                 [ NAS-IP-Address ]                                 [ NAS-IPv6-Address ]                                 [ NAS-Port ]                                 [ Origin-State-Id ]                                 [ User-Name ]                                 [ Key-SPI ]                                 { IKEv2-Identity }                                 [ Auth-Session-State ]                                 { IKEv2-Nonces }                               * [ Proxy-Info ]                               * [ Route-Record ]                                 ...                               * [ AVP ]   The IKEv2-SK-Request message MUST include an IKEv2-Nonces AVP   containing the Ni and Nr nonces swapped during initial IKEv2   exchange.  The IKEv2-SK-Request message MAY contain a Key-SPI AVP   (Key-SPI AVP is specified in [RFC6734]).  If included, it contains   the SPI that HAAA SHALL use, in addition to the other parameters   (e.g., Initiator-Identity), to identify the appropriate SK.  The   IKEv2-SK-Request message MUST include IKEv2-Identity AVP.  The   Initiator-Identity AVP SHALL contain IDi as received in IKE_AUTH   message.  The Responder-Identity AVP SHALL be included in the IKEv2-   SK-Request message, if IDr payload was included in the IKE_AUTH   message received from the IKEv2 peer.  If included, the Responder-   Identity AVP contains the received IDr.Cakulev, et al.              Standards Track                    [Page 8]

RFC 6738                    Diameter IKEv2 SK               October 20125.2.  IKEv2-SK-Answer (IKESKA) Command   The IKEv2-SK-Answer (IKESKA) message, indicated by the Command Code   field set to 329 and the 'R' bit cleared in the Command Flags field,   is sent by the HAAA to the IKEv2 server in response to the IKESKR   command.  In this case, the Application-Id field of the Diameter   header MUST be set to the Diameter IKE SK Application-Id (11).   Message format           <IKEv2-SK-Answer> ::= < Diameter Header: 329, PXY >                                  < Session-Id >                                  { Auth-Application-Id }                                  { Auth-Request-Type }                                  { Result-Code }                                  { Origin-Host }                                  { Origin-Realm }                                  [ User-Name ]                                  [ Key ]                                  [ Responder-Identity ]                                  [ Auth-Session-State ]                                  [ Error-Message ]                                  [ Error-Reporting-Host ]                                * [ Failed-AVP ]                                  [ Origin-State-Id ]                                * [ Redirect-Host ]                                  [ Redirect-Host-Usage ]                                  [ Redirect-Max-Cache-Time ]                                * [ Proxy-Info ]                                * [ Route-Record ]                                  ...                                * [ AVP ]   If the authorization procedure is successful, then the IKEv2-SK-   Answer message SHALL include the Key AVP as specified in [RFC6734].   The value of the Key-Type AVP SHALL be set to IKEv2 SK (3).  The   Keying-Material AVP SHALL contain the SK.  If the Key-SPI AVP is   received in IKEv2-SK-Request, the Key-SPI AVP SHALL be included in   the Key AVP.  The Key-Lifetime AVP may be included; if so, then the   associated key SHALL NOT be used by the receiver of the answer if the   lifetime has expired.  Finally, the Responder-Identity AVP may be   included.Cakulev, et al.              Standards Track                    [Page 9]

RFC 6738                    Diameter IKEv2 SK               October 20126.  Attribute-Value Pair Definitions   This section defines new AVPs for IKEv2 with SK.6.1.  IKEv2-Nonces   The IKEv2-Nonces AVP (Code 587) is of type Grouped and contains the   nonces exchanged between the IKEv2 peer and the IKEv2 server during   IKEv2 initial exchange.  The nonces are used for SK generation.               IKEv2-Nonces ::= < AVP Header: 587 >                                {Ni}                                {Nr}                               *[AVP]6.1.1.  Ni   The Ni AVP (AVP Code 588) is of type OctetString and contains the   IKEv2 initiator nonce as contained in Nonce Data field.6.1.2.  Nr   The Nr AVP (AVP Code 589) is of type OctetString and contains the   IKEv2 responder nonce as contained in Nonce Data field.6.2.  IKEv2-Identity   The IKEv2-Identity AVP (Code 590) is of type Grouped and contains the   Initiator and possibly Responder identities as included in IKE_AUTH   message sent from the IKEv2 peer to the IKEv2 server.               IKEv2-Identity ::= < AVP Header: 590 >                                {Initiator-Identity}                                [Responder-Identity]                               *[AVP]6.2.1.  Initiator-Identity   The Initiator-Identity AVP (AVP Code 591) is of type Grouped and   contains the identity type and identification data of the IDi payload   of the IKE_AUTH message.               Initiator-Identity ::= < AVP Header: 591 >                                {ID-Type}                                {Identification-Data}                               *[AVP]Cakulev, et al.              Standards Track                   [Page 10]

RFC 6738                    Diameter IKEv2 SK               October 20126.2.1.1.  ID-Type   The ID-Type AVP (AVP Code 592) is of type Enumerated and contains the   ID type value of IDi payload of the IKE_AUTH message.6.2.1.2.  Identification-Data   The Identification-Data AVP (AVP Code 593) is of type OctetString and   contains the Identification Data field of IDi payload of the IKE_AUTH   message.6.2.2.  Responder-Identity   The Responder-Identity AVP (AVP Code 594) is of type Grouped and   contains the identity type and identification data of the IDr payload   of the IKE_AUTH message.               Responder-Identity ::= < AVP Header: 594 >                                {ID-Type}                                {Identification-Data}                               *[AVP]6.2.2.1.  ID-Type   The ID-Type AVP (AVP Code 592) is of type Enumerated and contains the   ID type value of IDr payload of the IKE_AUTH message.6.2.2.2.  Identification-Data   The Identification-Data AVP (AVP Code 593) is of type OctetString and   contains the Identification Data field of IDr payload of the IKE_AUTH   message.Cakulev, et al.              Standards Track                   [Page 11]

RFC 6738                    Diameter IKEv2 SK               October 20127.  AVP Occurrence Tables   The following tables present the AVPs defined or used in this   document and their occurrences in Diameter messages.  Note that AVPs   that can only be present within a Grouped AVP are not represented in   this table.   The table uses the following symbols:   0:       The AVP MUST NOT be present in the message.   0+:      Zero or more instances of the AVP MAY be present in the            message.   0-1:     Zero or one instance of the AVP MAY be present in the            message.   1:       One instance of the AVP MUST be present in the message.                                     +-------------------+                                     |   Command Code    |                                     |---------+---------+      AVP Name                       | IKESKR  | IKESKA  |      -------------------------------|---------+---------+      Key                            |    0    |   0-1   |      Key-SPI                        |   0-1   |    0    |      IKEv2-Nonces                   |    1    |    0    |      IKEv2-Identity                 |    1    |    0    |      Responder-Identity             |    0    |   0-1   |                                     +---------+---------+                   IKESKR and IKESKA Commands AVP TableCakulev, et al.              Standards Track                   [Page 12]

RFC 6738                    Diameter IKEv2 SK               October 20128.  AVP Flag Rules   The following table describes the Diameter AVPs, their AVP Code   values, types, and possible flag values.  The Diameter base protocol   [RFC6733] specifies the AVP Flag rules for AVPs inSection 4.5.                                                 +---------+                                                 |AVP Flag |                                                 |  Rules  |                                                 +----+----+                       AVP  Section              |    |MUST|    Attribute Name     Code Defined   Value Type |MUST| NOT|   +---------------------------------------------+----+----+   |Key                 581  Note 1   Grouped    |  M | V  |   +---------------------------------------------+----+----+   |Keying-Material     583  Note 1   OctetString|  M | V  |   +---------------------------------------------+----+----+   |Key-Lifetime        584  Note 1   Integer64  |  M | V  |   +---------------------------------------------+----+----+   |Key-SPI             585  Note 1   Unsigned32 |  M | V  |   +---------------------------------------------+----+----+   |Key-Type            582  Note 1   Enumerated |  M | V  |   +---------------------------------------------+----+----+   |IKEv2-Nonces        587  6.1      Grouped    |  M | V  |   +---------------------------------------------+----+----+   |Ni                  588  6.1.1    OctetString|  M | V  |   +---------------------------------------------+----+----+   |Nr                  589  6.1.2    OctetString|  M | V  |   +---------------------------------------------+----+----+   |IKEv2-Identity      590  6.2      Grouped    |  M | V  |   +---------------------------------------------+----+----+   |Initiator-Identity  591  6.2.1    Grouped    |  M | V  |   +---------------------------------------------+----+----+   |ID-Type             592  6.2.1.1  Enumerated |  M | V  |   +---------------------------------------------+----+----+   |Identification-Data 593  6.2.1.2  OctetString|  M | V  |   +---------------------------------------------+----+----+   |Responder-Identity  594  6.2.2    Grouped    |  M | V  |   +---------------------------------------------+----+----+                           AVP Flag Rules Table   Note 1: The Key, Keying-Material, Key-Lifetime, Key-SPI, and Key-Type   AVPs are defined in [RFC6734].Cakulev, et al.              Standards Track                   [Page 13]

RFC 6738                    Diameter IKEv2 SK               October 20129.  IANA Considerations9.1.  Command Codes   IANA has allocated a Command Code value for the following new command   from the Command Code namespace defined in [RFC6733].      Command Code                     | Value      ---------------------------------+------      IKEv2-SK-Request/Answer          | 3299.2.  AVP Codes   This specification requires IANA to register the following new AVPs   from the AVP Code namespace defined in [RFC6733].   o  IKEv2-Nonces - 587   o  Ni - 588   o  Nr - 589   o  IKEv2-Identity - 590   o  Initiator-Identity - 591   o  ID-Type - 592   o  Identification-Data - 593   o  Responder-Identity - 594   The AVPs are defined inSection 6.9.3.  AVP Values   IANA is requested to create a new value for the Key-Type AVP.  The   new value 3 signifies that IKEv2 SK is being sent.9.4.  Application Identifier   This specification requires IANA to allocate one new value "Diameter   IKE SK" from the Application Identifier namespace defined in   [RFC6733].   Application Identifier         | Value   -------------------------------+------   Diameter IKE SK (IKESK)        | 11Cakulev, et al.              Standards Track                   [Page 14]

RFC 6738                    Diameter IKEv2 SK               October 201210.  Security Considerations   The security considerations of the Diameter base protocol [RFC6733]   are applicable to this document (e.g., it is expected that Diameter   protocol is used with security mechanism and that Diameter messages   are secured).   In addition, the assumption is that the IKEv2 server and the Diameter   server, where the SK is generated, are in a trusted relationship.   Hence, the assumption is that there is an appropriate security   mechanism to protect the communication between these servers.  For   example, the IKEv2 server and the Diameter server would be deployed   in the same secure network or would utilize transport-layer security   as specified in [RFC6733].   The Diameter messages between the IKEv2 server and the HAAA may be   transported via one or more AAA brokers or Diameter agents.  In this   case, the IKEv2 server to the Diameter server AAA communication is   hop-by-hop protected; hence, it relies on the security properties of   the intermediating AAA inter-connection networks, AAA brokers, and   Diameter agents.  Furthermore, any agents that process IKEv2-SK-   Answer messages can see the contents of the Key AVP.   To mitigate the threat of exposing a long-lived PSK, this   specification expects that the HAAA derive and return the associated   SK to the IKEv2 server.  Given that SK derivation is security-   critical, for the SK derivation, this specification recommends the   use of short-lived secrets, possibly based on a previous network   access authentication, if such secrets are available.  To ensure key   freshness and to limit the key scope, this specification strongly   recommends the use of nonces included in the IKEv2-SK-Request.  The   specifics of key derivation depend on the security characteristics of   the system that is leveraging this specification (for example, see   [X.S0047] and [X.S0058]); therefore, this specification does not   define how the Diameter server derives required keys for these   systems.  For systems and protocols that leverage this Diameter   application but do not specify the key derivation procedure, this   document specifies the default key derivation procedure that   preserves expected security characteristics.Cakulev, et al.              Standards Track                   [Page 15]

RFC 6738                    Diameter IKEv2 SK               October 201211.  References11.1.  Normative References   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate              Requirement Levels",BCP 14,RFC 2119, March 1997.   [RFC4302]  Kent, S., "IP Authentication Header",RFC 4302,              December 2005.   [RFC4303]  Kent, S., "IP Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP)",RFC 4303, December 2005.   [RFC5295]  Salowey, J., Dondeti, L., Narayanan, V., and M. Nakhjiri,              "Specification for the Derivation of Root Keys from an              Extended Master Session Key (EMSK)",RFC 5295,              August 2008.   [RFC5996]  Kaufman, C., Hoffman, P., Nir, Y., and P. Eronen,              "Internet Key Exchange Protocol Version 2 (IKEv2)",RFC 5996, September 2010.   [RFC6733]  Fajardo, V., Arkko, J., Loughney, J., and G. Zorn,              "Diameter Base Protocol",RFC 6733, October 2012.   [RFC6734]  Zorn, G., Wu, W., and V. Cakulev, "Diameter Attribute-              Value Pairs for Cryptographic Key Transport",RFC 6734,              October 2012.11.2.  Informative References   [RFC3748]  Aboba, B., Blunk, L., Vollbrecht, J., Carlson, J., and H.              Levkowetz, "Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP)",RFC 3748, June 2004.   [RFC4285]  Patel, A., Leung, K., Khalil, M., Akhtar, H., and K.              Chowdhury, "Authentication Protocol for Mobile IPv6",RFC 4285, January 2006.   [RFC5778]  Korhonen, J., Tschofenig, H., Bournelle, J., Giaretta, G.,              and M. Nakhjiri, "Diameter Mobile IPv6: Support for Home              Agent to Diameter Server Interaction",RFC 5778,              February 2010.   [X.S0047]  3GPP2: X.S0047, "Mobile IPv6 Enhancements", February 2009.   [X.S0058]  3GPP2: X.S0058, "WiMAX-HRPD Interworking: Core Network              Aspects", June 2010.Cakulev, et al.              Standards Track                   [Page 16]

RFC 6738                    Diameter IKEv2 SK               October 2012Authors' Addresses   Violeta Cakulev   Alcatel Lucent   600 Mountain Ave.   3D-517   Murray Hill, NJ  07974   US   Phone: +1 908 582 3207   EMail: violeta.cakulev@alcatel-lucent.com   Avi Lior   Bridgewater Systems   303 Terry Fox Drive   Ottawa, Ontario  K2K 3J1   Canada   Phone: +1 613-591-6655   EMail: avi.ietf@lior.org   Semyon Mizikovsky   Alcatel Lucent   600 Mountain Ave.   3C-506   Murray Hill, NJ  07974   US   Phone: +1 908 582 0729   EMail: Simon.Mizikovsky@alcatel-lucent.comCakulev, et al.              Standards Track                   [Page 17]

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