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Network Working Group K. McCloghrie Request for Comments: 1447 Hughes LAN Systems J. Galvin Trusted Information Systems April 1993Party MIBfor version 2 of theSimple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2) Status of this Memo This RFC specifes an IAB standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "IAB Official Protocol Standards" for the standardization state and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Table of Contents1 Introduction ..........................................21.1 A Note on Terminology ...............................22 Definitions ...........................................33.1 Textual Conventions .................................43.2 Administrative Assignments ..........................73.2.1 Initial Party and Context Identifiers .............83.3 Object Assignments ..................................163.4 The SNMPv2 Party Database Group .....................163.5 The SNMPv2 Contexts Database Group ..................293.5 The SNMPv2 Access Privileges Database Group .........363.6 The MIB View Database Group .........................403.7 Conformance Information .............................453.7.1 Compliance Statements .............................453.7.2 Units of Conformance ..............................473 Acknowledgments .......................................484 References ............................................495 Security Considerations ...............................506 Authors' Addresses ....................................50 Galvin & McCloghrie [Page 1]
RFC 1447 Party MIB for SNMPv2 April 1993 1. Introduction A network management system contains: several (potentially many) nodes, each with a processing entity, termed an agent, which has access to management instrumentation; at least one management station; and, a management protocol, used to convey management information between the agents and management stations. Operations of the protocol are carried out under an administrative framework which defines both authentication and authorization policies. Network management stations execute management applications which monitor and control network elements. Network elements are devices such as hosts, routers, terminal servers, etc., which are monitored and controlled through access to their management information. Management information is viewed as a collection of managed objects, residing in a virtual information store, termed the Management Information Base (MIB). Collections of related objects are defined in MIB modules. These modules are written using a subset of OSI's Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1) [1], termed the Structure of Management Information (SMI) [2]. The Administrative Model for SNMPv2 document [3] defines the properties associated with SNMPv2 parties, SNMPv2 contexts, and access control policies. It is the purpose of this document, the Party MIB for SNMPv2, to define managed objects which correspond to these properties. 1.1. A Note on Terminology For the purpose of exposition, the original Internet-standard Network Management Framework, as described in RFCs 1155, 1157, and 1212, is termed the SNMP version 1 framework (SNMPv1). The current framework is termed the SNMP version 2 framework (SNMPv2). Galvin & McCloghrie [Page 2]
RFC 1447 Party MIB for SNMPv2 April 1993 2. Definitions SNMPv2-PARTY-MIB DEFINITIONS ::= BEGIN IMPORTS MODULE-IDENTITY, OBJECT-TYPE, snmpModules, UInteger32 FROM SNMPv2-SMI TEXTUAL-CONVENTION, RowStatus, TruthValue FROM SNMPv2-TC MODULE-COMPLIANCE, OBJECT-GROUP FROM SNMPv2-CONF; partyMIB MODULE-IDENTITY LAST-UPDATED "9304010000Z" ORGANIZATION "IETF SNMP Security Working Group" CONTACT-INFO " Keith McCloghrie Postal: Hughes LAN Systems 1225 Charleston Road Mountain View, CA 94043 US Tel: +1 415 966 7934 Fax: +1 415 960 3738 E-mail: kzm@hls.com" DESCRIPTION "The MIB module describing SNMPv2 parties." ::= { snmpModules 3 } Galvin & McCloghrie [Page 3]
RFC 1447 Party MIB for SNMPv2 April 1993 -- textual conventions Party ::= TEXTUAL-CONVENTION STATUS current DESCRIPTION "Denotes a SNMPv2 party identifier. Note that agents may impose implementation limitations on the length of OIDs used to identify Parties. As such, management stations creating new parties should be aware that using an excessively long OID may result in the agent refusing to perform the set operation and instead returning the appropriate error response, e.g., noCreation." SYNTAX OBJECT IDENTIFIER TAddress ::= TEXTUAL-CONVENTION STATUS current DESCRIPTION "Denotes a transport service address. For snmpUDPDomain, a TAddress is 6 octets long, the initial 4 octets containing the IP-address in network-byte order and the last 2 containing the UDP port in network-byte order. Consult [5] for further information on snmpUDPDomain." SYNTAX OCTET STRING Galvin & McCloghrie [Page 4]
RFC 1447 Party MIB for SNMPv2 April 1993 Clock ::= TEXTUAL-CONVENTION STATUS current DESCRIPTION "A party's authentication clock - a non-negative integer which is incremented as specified/allowed by the party's Authentication Protocol. For noAuth, a party's authentication clock is unused and its value is undefined. For v2md5AuthProtocol, a party's authentication clock is a relative clock with 1-second granularity." SYNTAX UInteger32 Context ::= TEXTUAL-CONVENTION STATUS current DESCRIPTION "Denotes a SNMPv2 context identifier. Note that agents may impose implementation limitations on the length of OIDs used to identify Contexts. As such, management stations creating new contexts should be aware that using an excessively long OID may result in the agent refusing to perform the set operation and instead returning the appropriate error response, e.g., noCreation." SYNTAX OBJECT IDENTIFIER Galvin & McCloghrie [Page 5]
RFC 1447 Party MIB for SNMPv2 April 1993 StorageType ::= TEXTUAL-CONVENTION STATUS current DESCRIPTION "Describes the memory realization of a conceptual row. A row which is volatile(2) is lost upon reboot. A row which is nonVolatile(3) is backed up by stable storage. A row which is permanent(4) cannot be changed nor deleted." SYNTAX INTEGER { other(1), -- eh? volatile(2), -- e.g., in RAM nonVolatile(3), -- e.g., in NVRAM permanent(4) -- e.g., in ROM } Galvin & McCloghrie [Page 6]
RFC 1447 Party MIB for SNMPv2 April 1993 -- administrative assignments partyAdmin OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { partyMIB 1 } -- definitions of security protocols partyProtocols OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { partyAdmin 1 } -- the protocol without authentication noAuth OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { partyProtocols 1 } -- the protocol without privacy noPriv OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { partyProtocols 2 } -- the DES Privacy Protocol [4] desPrivProtocol OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { partyProtocols 3 } -- the MD5 Authentication Protocol [4] v2md5AuthProtocol OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { partyProtocols 4 } -- definitions of temporal domains temporalDomains OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { partyAdmin 2 } -- this temporal domain refers to management information -- at the current time currentTime OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { temporalDomains 1 } -- this temporal domain refers to management information -- upon the next re-initialization of the managed device restartTime OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { temporalDomains 2 } -- the temporal domain { cacheTime N } refers to management -- information that is cached and guaranteed to be at most -- N seconds old cacheTime OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { temporalDomains 3 } Galvin & McCloghrie [Page 7]
RFC 1447 Party MIB for SNMPv2 April 1993 -- Definition of Initial Party and Context Identifiers -- When devices are installed, they need to be configured -- with an initial set of SNMPv2 parties and contexts. The -- configuration of SNMPv2 parties and contexts requires (among -- other things) the assignment of several OBJECT IDENTIFIERs. -- Any local network administration can obtain the delegated -- authority necessary to assign its own OBJECT IDENTIFIERs. -- However, to provide for those administrations who have not -- obtained the necessary authority, this document allocates a -- branch of the naming tree for use with the following -- conventions. initialPartyId OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { partyAdmin 3 } initialContextId OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { partyAdmin 4 } -- Note these are identified as "initial" party and context -- identifiers since these allow secure SNMPv2 communication -- to proceed, thereby allowing further SNMPv2 parties to be -- configured through use of the SNMPv2 itself. -- The following definitions identify a party identifier, and -- specify the initial values of various object instances -- indexed by that identifier. In addition, the SNMPv2 -- context, access control policy, and MIB view information -- assigned, by convention, are identified. Galvin & McCloghrie [Page 8]
RFC 1447 Party MIB for SNMPv2 April 1993 -- Party Identifiers for use as initial SNMPv2 parties -- at IP address a.b.c.d -- Note that for all OBJECT IDENTIFIERs assigned under -- initialPartyId, the four sub-identifiers immediately -- following initialPartyId represent the four octets of -- an IP address. Initial party identifiers for other address -- families are assigned under a different OBJECT IDENTIFIER, -- as defined elsewhere. -- Devices which support SNMPv2 as entities acting in an -- agent role, and accessed via the snmpUDPDomain transport -- domain, are required to be configured with the appropriate -- set of the following as implicit assignments as and when -- they are configured with an IP address. The appropriate -- set is all those applicable to the authentication and -- privacy protocols supported by the device. Galvin & McCloghrie [Page 9]
RFC 1447 Party MIB for SNMPv2 April 1993 -- a noAuth/noPriv party which executes at the agent -- partyIdentity = { initialPartyId a b c d 1 } -- partyIndex = 1 -- partyTDomain = snmpUDPDomain -- partyTAddress = a.b.c.d, 161 -- partyLocal = true (in agent's database) -- partyAuthProtocol = noAuth -- partyAuthClock = 0 -- partyAuthPrivate = ''H (the empty string) -- partyAuthPublic = ''H (the empty string) -- partyAuthLifetime = 0 -- partyPrivProtocol = noPriv -- partyPrivPrivate = ''H (the empty string) -- partyPrivPublic = ''H (the empty string) -- a noAuth/noPriv party which executes at a manager -- partyIdentity = { initialPartyId a b c d 2 } -- partyIndex = 2 -- partyTDomain = snmpUDPDomain -- partyTAddress = assigned by local administration -- partyLocal = false (in agent's database) -- partyAuthProtocol = noAuth -- partyAuthClock = 0 -- partyAuthPrivate = ''H (the empty string) -- partyAuthPublic = ''H (the empty string) -- partyAuthLifetime = 0 -- partyPrivProtocol = noPriv -- partyPrivPrivate = ''H (the empty string) -- partyPrivPublic = ''H (the empty string) Galvin & McCloghrie [Page 10]
RFC 1447 Party MIB for SNMPv2 April 1993 -- a md5Auth/noPriv party which executes at the agent -- partyIdentity = { initialPartyId a b c d 3 } -- partyIndex = 3 -- partyTDomain = snmpUDPDomain -- partyTAddress = a.b.c.d, 161 -- partyLocal = true (in agent's database) -- partyAuthProtocol = v2md5AuthProtocol -- partyAuthClock = 0 -- partyAuthPrivate = assigned by local administration -- partyAuthPublic = ''H (the empty string) -- partyAuthLifetime = 300 -- partyPrivProtocol = noPriv -- partyPrivPrivate = ''H (the empty string) -- partyPrivPublic = ''H (the empty string) -- a md5Auth/noPriv party which executes at a manager -- partyIdentity = { initialPartyId a b c d 4 } -- partyIndex = 4 -- partyTDomain = snmpUDPDomain -- partyTAddress = assigned by local administration -- partyLocal = false (in agent's database) -- partyAuthProtocol = v2md5AuthProtocol -- partyAuthClock = 0 -- partyAuthPrivate = assigned by local administration -- partyAuthPublic = ''H (the empty string) -- partyAuthLifetime = 300 -- partyPrivProtocol = noPriv -- partyPrivPrivate = ''H (the empty string) -- partyPrivPublic = ''H (the empty string) Galvin & McCloghrie [Page 11]
RFC 1447 Party MIB for SNMPv2 April 1993 -- a md5Auth/desPriv party which executes at the agent -- partyIdentity = { initialPartyId a b c d 5 } -- partyIndex = 5 -- partyTDomain = snmpUDPDomain -- partyTAddress = a.b.c.d, 161 -- partyLocal = true (in agent's database) -- partyAuthProtocol = v2md5AuthProtocol -- partyAuthClock = 0 -- partyAuthPrivate = assigned by local administration -- partyAuthPublic = ''H (the empty string) -- partyAuthLifetime = 300 -- partyPrivProtocol = desPrivProtocol -- partyPrivPrivate = assigned by local administration -- partyPrivPublic = ''H (the empty string) -- a md5Auth/desPriv party which executes at a manager -- partyIdentity = { initialPartyId a b c d 6 } -- partyIndex = 6 -- partyTDomain = snmpUDPDomain -- partyTAddress = assigned by local administration -- partyLocal = false (in agent's database) -- partyAuthProtocol = v2md5AuthProtocol -- partyAuthClock = 0 -- partyAuthPrivate = assigned by local administration -- partyAuthPublic = ''H (the empty string) -- partyAuthLifetime = 300 -- partyPrivProtocol = desPrivProtocol -- partyPrivPrivate = assigned by local administration -- partyPrivPublic = ''H (the empty string) Galvin & McCloghrie [Page 12]
RFC 1447 Party MIB for SNMPv2 April 1993 -- the initial SNMPv2 contexts assigned, by convention, are: -- contextIdentity = { initialContextId a b c d 1 } -- contextIndex = 1 -- contextLocal = true (in agent's database) -- contextViewIndex = 1 -- contextLocalEntity = ''H (the empty string) -- contextLocalTime = currentTime -- contextProxyDstParty = { 0 0 } -- contextProxySrcParty = { 0 0 } -- contextProxyContext = { 0 0 } -- contextIdentity = { initialContextId a b c d 2 } -- contextIndex = 2 -- contextLocal = true (in agent's database) -- contextViewIndex = 2 -- contextLocalEntity = ''H (the empty string) -- contextLocalTime = currentTime -- contextProxyDstParty = { 0 0 } -- contextProxySrcParty = { 0 0 } -- contextProxyContext = { 0 0 } Galvin & McCloghrie [Page 13]
RFC 1447 Party MIB for SNMPv2 April 1993 -- The initial access control policy assigned, by -- convention, is: -- aclTarget = 1 -- aclSubject = 2 -- aclResources = 1 -- aclPrivileges = 35 (Get, Get-Next & Get-Bulk) -- aclTarget = 2 -- aclSubject = 1 -- aclResources = 1 -- aclPrivileges = 132 (Response & SNMPv2-Trap) -- aclTarget = 3 -- aclSubject = 4 -- aclResources = 2 -- aclPrivileges = 43 (Get, Get-Next, Set & Get-Bulk) -- aclTarget = 4 -- aclSubject = 3 -- aclResources = 2 -- aclPrivileges = 4 (Response) -- aclTarget = 5 -- aclSubject = 6 -- aclResources = 2 -- aclPrivileges = 43 (Get, Get-Next, Set & Get-Bulk) -- aclTarget = 6 -- aclSubject = 5 -- aclResources = 2 -- aclPrivileges = 4 (Response) -- Note that the initial context and access control -- information assigned above, by default, to the -- md5Auth/desPriv parties are identical to those assigned to -- the md5Auth/noPriv parties. However, each administration -- may choose to have different authorization policies, -- depending on whether privacy is used. Galvin & McCloghrie [Page 14]
RFC 1447 Party MIB for SNMPv2 April 1993 -- The initial MIB views assigned, by convention, are: -- viewIndex = 1 -- viewSubtree = system -- viewMask = ''H -- viewType = included -- viewIndex = 1 -- viewSubtree = snmpStats -- viewMask = ''H -- viewType = included -- viewIndex = 1 -- viewSubtree = snmpParties -- viewMask = ''H -- viewType = included -- viewIndex = 2 -- viewSubtree = internet -- viewMask = ''H -- viewType = included -- Note that full access to the partyTable, contextTable, -- aclTable, and viewTable gives a manager the ability to -- configure any parties with any/all capabilities (the -- equivalent of "root" access). A lesser manager can be -- given access only to the partyTable so that it can -- maintain its own parties, but not increase/decrease -- their capabilities. Such a lesser manager can also -- create new parties but they are of no use to it. Galvin & McCloghrie [Page 15]
RFC 1447 Party MIB for SNMPv2 April 1993 -- object assignments partyMIBObjects OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { partyMIB 2 } -- the SNMPv2 party database group snmpParties OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { partyMIBObjects 1 } partyTable OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX SEQUENCE OF PartyEntry MAX-ACCESS not-accessible STATUS current DESCRIPTION "The SNMPv2 Party database." ::= { snmpParties 1 } partyEntry OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX PartyEntry MAX-ACCESS not-accessible STATUS current DESCRIPTION "Locally held information about a particular SNMPv2 party." INDEX { IMPLIED partyIdentity } ::= { partyTable 1 } Galvin & McCloghrie [Page 16]
RFC 1447 Party MIB for SNMPv2 April 1993 PartyEntry ::= SEQUENCE { partyIdentity Party, partyIndex INTEGER, partyTDomain OBJECT IDENTIFIER, partyTAddress TAddress, partyMaxMessageSize INTEGER, partyLocal TruthValue, partyAuthProtocol OBJECT IDENTIFIER, partyAuthClock Clock, partyAuthPrivate OCTET STRING, partyAuthPublic OCTET STRING, partyAuthLifetime INTEGER, partyPrivProtocol OBJECT IDENTIFIER, partyPrivPrivate OCTET STRING, partyPrivPublic OCTET STRING, partyCloneFrom Party, partyStorageType StorageType, partyStatus RowStatus } partyIdentity OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX Party MAX-ACCESS not-accessible STATUS current DESCRIPTION "A party identifier uniquely identifying a particular SNMPv2 party." ::= { partyEntry 1 } partyIndex OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX INTEGER (1..65535) MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION "A unique value for each SNMPv2 party. The value for each SNMPv2 party must remain constant at least from one re-initialization of the entity's network management system to the next re- initialization." ::= { partyEntry 2 } Galvin & McCloghrie [Page 17]
RFC 1447 Party MIB for SNMPv2 April 1993 partyTDomain OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX OBJECT IDENTIFIER MAX-ACCESS read-create STATUS current DESCRIPTION "Indicates the kind of transport service by which the party receives network management traffic." DEFVAL { snmpUDPDomain } ::= { partyEntry 3 } partyTAddress OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX TAddress MAX-ACCESS read-create STATUS current DESCRIPTION "The transport service address by which the party receives network management traffic, formatted according to the corresponding value of partyTDomain. For snmpUDPDomain, partyTAddress is formatted as a 4-octet IP Address concatenated with a 2-octet UDP port number." DEFVAL { '000000000000'H } ::= { partyEntry 4 } partyMaxMessageSize OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX INTEGER (484..65507) MAX-ACCESS read-create STATUS current DESCRIPTION "The maximum length in octets of a SNMPv2 message which this party will accept. For parties which execute at an agent, the agent initializes this object to the maximum length supported by the agent, and does not let the object be set to any larger value. For parties which do not execute at the agent, the agent must allow the manager to set this object to any legal value, even if it is larger than the agent can generate." DEFVAL { 484 } ::= { partyEntry 5 } Galvin & McCloghrie [Page 18]
RFC 1447 Party MIB for SNMPv2 April 1993 partyLocal OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX TruthValue MAX-ACCESS read-create STATUS current DESCRIPTION "An indication of whether this party executes at this SNMPv2 entity. If this object has a value of true(1), then the SNMPv2 entity will listen for SNMPv2 messages on the partyTAddress associated with this party. If this object has the value false(2), then the SNMPv2 entity will not listen for SNMPv2 messages on the partyTAddress associated with this party." DEFVAL { false } ::= { partyEntry 6 } partyAuthProtocol OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX OBJECT IDENTIFIER MAX-ACCESS read-create STATUS current DESCRIPTION "The authentication protocol by which all messages generated by the party are authenticated as to origin and integrity. The value noAuth signifies that messages generated by the party are not authenticated. Once an instance of this object is created, its value can not be changed." DEFVAL { v2md5AuthProtocol } ::= { partyEntry 7 } Galvin & McCloghrie [Page 19]
RFC 1447 Party MIB for SNMPv2 April 1993 partyAuthClock OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX Clock MAX-ACCESS read-create STATUS current DESCRIPTION "The authentication clock which represents the local notion of the current time specific to the party. This value must not be decremented unless the party's private authentication key is changed simultaneously." DEFVAL { 0 } ::= { partyEntry 8 } Galvin & McCloghrie [Page 20]
RFC 1447 Party MIB for SNMPv2 April 1993 partyAuthPrivate OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX OCTET STRING -- for v2md5AuthProtocol: (SIZE (16)) MAX-ACCESS read-create STATUS current DESCRIPTION "An encoding of the party's private authentication key which may be needed to support the authentication protocol. Although the value of this variable may be altered by a management operation (e.g., a SNMPv2 Set-Request), its value can never be retrieved by a management operation: when read, the value of this variable is the zero length OCTET STRING. The private authentication key is NOT directly represented by the value of this variable, but rather it is represented according to an encoding. This encoding is the bitwise exclusive-OR of the old key with the new key, i.e., of the old private authentication key (prior to the alteration) with the new private authentication key (after the alteration). Thus, when processing a received protocol Set operation, the new private authentication key is obtained from the value of this variable as the result of a bitwise exclusive-OR of the variable's value and the old private authentication key. In calculating the exclusive-OR, if the old key is shorter than the new key, zero-valued padding is appended to the old key. If no value for the old key exists, a zero-length OCTET STRING is used in the calculation." DEFVAL { ''H } -- the empty string ::= { partyEntry 9 } Galvin & McCloghrie [Page 21]
RFC 1447 Party MIB for SNMPv2 April 1993 partyAuthPublic OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX OCTET STRING -- for v2md5AuthProtocol: (SIZE (0..16)) MAX-ACCESS read-create STATUS current DESCRIPTION "A publically-readable value for the party. Depending on the party's authentication protocol, this value may be needed to support the party's authentication protocol. Alternatively, it may be used by a manager during the procedure for altering secret information about a party. (For example, by altering the value of an instance of this object in the same SNMPv2 Set-Request used to update an instance of partyAuthPrivate, a subsequent Get-Request can determine if the Set- Request was successful in the event that no response to the Set-Request is received, see [4].) The length of the value is dependent on the party's authentication protocol. If not used by the authentication protocol, it is recommended that agents support values of any length up to and including the length of the corresponding partyAuthPrivate object." DEFVAL { ''H } -- the empty string ::= { partyEntry 10 } Galvin & McCloghrie [Page 22]
RFC 1447 Party MIB for SNMPv2 April 1993 partyAuthLifetime OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX INTEGER (0..2147483647) UNITS "seconds" MAX-ACCESS read-create STATUS current DESCRIPTION "The lifetime (in units of seconds) which represents an administrative upper bound on acceptable delivery delay for protocol messages generated by the party. Once an instance of this object is created, its value can not be changed." DEFVAL { 300 } ::= { partyEntry 11 } partyPrivProtocol OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX OBJECT IDENTIFIER MAX-ACCESS read-create STATUS current DESCRIPTION "The privacy protocol by which all protocol messages received by the party are protected from disclosure. The value noPriv signifies that messages received by the party are not protected. Once an instance of this object is created, its value can not be changed." DEFVAL { noPriv } ::= { partyEntry 12 } Galvin & McCloghrie [Page 23]
RFC 1447 Party MIB for SNMPv2 April 1993 partyPrivPrivate OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX OCTET STRING -- for desPrivProtocol: (SIZE (16)) MAX-ACCESS read-create STATUS current DESCRIPTION "An encoding of the party's private encryption key which may be needed to support the privacy protocol. Although the value of this variable may be altered by a management operation (e.g., a SNMPv2 Set-Request), its value can never be retrieved by a management operation: when read, the value of this variable is the zero length OCTET STRING. The private encryption key is NOT directly represented by the value of this variable, but rather it is represented according to an encoding. This encoding is the bitwise exclusive-OR of the old key with the new key, i.e., of the old private encryption key (prior to the alteration) with the new private encryption key (after the alteration). Thus, when processing a received protocol Set operation, the new private encryption key is obtained from the value of this variable as the result of a bitwise exclusive-OR of the variable's value and the old private encryption key. In calculating the exclusive-OR, if the old key is shorter than the new key, zero-valued padding is appended to the old key. If no value for the old key exists, a zero-length OCTET STRING is used in the calculation." DEFVAL { ''H } -- the empty string ::= { partyEntry 13 } Galvin & McCloghrie [Page 24]
RFC 1447 Party MIB for SNMPv2 April 1993 partyPrivPublic OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX OCTET STRING -- for desPrivProtocol: (SIZE (0..16)) MAX-ACCESS read-create STATUS current DESCRIPTION "A publically-readable value for the party. Depending on the party's privacy protocol, this value may be needed to support the party's privacy protocol. Alternatively, it may be used by a manager as a part of its procedure for altering secret information about a party. (For example, by altering the value of an instance of this object in the same SNMPv2 Set-Request used to update an instance of partyPrivPrivate, a subsequent Get-Request can determine if the Set- Request was successful in the event that no response to the Set-Request is received, see [4].) The length of the value is dependent on the party's privacy protocol. If not used by the privacy protocol, it is recommended that agents support values of any length up to and including the length of the corresponding partyPrivPrivate object." DEFVAL { ''H } -- the empty string ::= { partyEntry 14 } Galvin & McCloghrie [Page 25]
RFC 1447 Party MIB for SNMPv2 April 1993 partyCloneFrom OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX Party MAX-ACCESS read-create STATUS current DESCRIPTION "The identity of a party to clone authentication and privacy parameters from. When read, the value { 0 0 } is returned. This value must be written exactly once, when the associated instance of partyStatus either does not exist or has the value `notReady'. When written, the value identifies a party, the cloning party, whose status column has the value `active'. The cloning party is used in two ways. One, if instances of the following objects do not exist for the party being created, then they are created with values identical to those of the corresponding objects for the cloning party: partyAuthProtocol partyAuthPublic partyAuthLifetime partyPrivProtocol partyPrivPublic Two, instances of the following objects are updated using the corresponding values of the cloning party: partyAuthPrivate partyPrivPrivate (e.g., the value of the cloning party's instance of the partyAuthPrivate object is XOR'd with the value of the partyAuthPrivate instances of the party being created.)" ::= { partyEntry 15 } Galvin & McCloghrie [Page 26]
RFC 1447 Party MIB for SNMPv2 April 1993 partyStorageType OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX StorageType MAX-ACCESS read-create STATUS current DESCRIPTION "The storage type for this conceptual row in the partyTable." DEFVAL { nonVolatile } ::= { partyEntry 16 } partyStatus OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX RowStatus MAX-ACCESS read-create STATUS current DESCRIPTION "The status of this conceptual row in the partyTable. A party is not qualified for activation until instances of all columns of its partyEntry row have an appropriate value. In particular: A value must be written to the Party's partyCloneFrom object. If the Party's partyAuthProtocol object has the value md5AuthProtocol, then the corresponding instance of partyAuthPrivate must contain a secret of the appropriate length. Further, at least one management protocol set operation updating the value of the party's partyAuthPrivate object must be successfully processed, before the partyAuthPrivate column is considered appropriately configured. If the Party's partyPrivProtocol object has the value desPrivProtocol, then the corresponding instance of partyPrivPrivate must contain a secret of the appropriate length. Further, at least one management protocol set operation updating the value of the party's partyPrivPrivate object must be successfully processed, before the partyPrivPrivate column is considered appropriately configured. Galvin & McCloghrie [Page 27]
RFC 1447 Party MIB for SNMPv2 April 1993 Until instances of all corresponding columns are appropriately configured, the value of the corresponding instance of the partyStatus column is `notReady'." ::= { partyEntry 17 } Galvin & McCloghrie [Page 28]
RFC 1447 Party MIB for SNMPv2 April 1993 -- the SNMPv2 contexts database group snmpContexts OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { partyMIBObjects 2 } contextTable OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX SEQUENCE OF ContextEntry MAX-ACCESS not-accessible STATUS current DESCRIPTION "The SNMPv2 Context database." ::= { snmpContexts 1 } contextEntry OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX ContextEntry MAX-ACCESS not-accessible STATUS current DESCRIPTION "Locally held information about a particular SNMPv2 context." INDEX { IMPLIED contextIdentity } ::= { contextTable 1 } ContextEntry ::= SEQUENCE { contextIdentity Context, contextIndex INTEGER, contextLocal TruthValue, contextViewIndex INTEGER, contextLocalEntity OCTET STRING, contextLocalTime OBJECT IDENTIFIER, contextProxyDstParty Party, contextProxySrcParty Party, contextProxyContext OBJECT IDENTIFIER, contextStorageType StorageType, contextStatus RowStatus } Galvin & McCloghrie [Page 29]
RFC 1447 Party MIB for SNMPv2 April 1993 contextIdentity OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX Context MAX-ACCESS not-accessible STATUS current DESCRIPTION "A context identifier uniquely identifying a particular SNMPv2 context." ::= { contextEntry 1 } contextIndex OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX INTEGER (1..65535) MAX-ACCESS read-only STATUS current DESCRIPTION "A unique value for each SNMPv2 context. The value for each SNMPv2 context must remain constant at least from one re-initialization of the entity's network management system to the next re-initialization." ::= { contextEntry 2 } contextLocal OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX TruthValue MAX-ACCESS read-create STATUS current DESCRIPTION "An indication of whether this context is realized by this SNMPv2 entity." DEFVAL { true } ::= { contextEntry 3 } Galvin & McCloghrie [Page 30]
RFC 1447 Party MIB for SNMPv2 April 1993 contextViewIndex OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX INTEGER (0..65535) MAX-ACCESS read-create STATUS current DESCRIPTION "If the value of an instance of this object is zero, then this corresponding conceptual row in the contextTable refers to a SNMPv2 context which identifies a proxy relationship; the values of the corresponding instances of the contextProxyDstParty, contextProxySrcParty, and contextProxyContext objects provide further information on the proxy relationship. Otherwise, if the value of an instance of this object is greater than zero, then this corresponding conceptual row in the contextTable refers to a SNMPv2 context which identifies a MIB view of a locally accessible entity; the value of the instance identifies the particular MIB view which has the same value of viewIndex; and the value of the corresponding instances of the contextLocalEntity and contextLocalTime objects provide further information on the local entity and its temporal domain." ::= { contextEntry 4 } Galvin & McCloghrie [Page 31]
RFC 1447 Party MIB for SNMPv2 April 1993 contextLocalEntity OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX OCTET STRING MAX-ACCESS read-create STATUS current DESCRIPTION "If the value of the corresponding instance of the contextViewIndex is greater than zero, then the value of an instance of this object identifies the local entity whose management information is in the SNMPv2 context's MIB view. The empty string indicates that the MIB view contains the SNMPv2 entity's own local management information; otherwise, a non-empty string indicates that the MIB view contains management information of some other local entity, e.g., 'Repeater1'." DEFVAL { ''H } -- the empty string ::= { contextEntry 5 } contextLocalTime OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX OBJECT IDENTIFIER MAX-ACCESS read-create STATUS current DESCRIPTION "If the value of the corresponding instance of the contextViewIndex is greater than zero, then the value of an instance of this object identifies the temporal context of the management information in the MIB view." DEFVAL { currentTime } ::= { contextEntry 6 } Galvin & McCloghrie [Page 32]
RFC 1447 Party MIB for SNMPv2 April 1993 contextProxyDstParty OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX Party MAX-ACCESS read-create STATUS current DESCRIPTION "If the value of the corresponding instance of the contextViewIndex is equal to zero, then the value of an instance of this object identifies a SNMPv2 party which is the proxy destination of a proxy relationship. If the value of the corresponding instance of the contextViewIndex is greater than zero, then the value of an instance of this object is { 0 0 }." ::= { contextEntry 7 } contextProxySrcParty OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX Party MAX-ACCESS read-create STATUS current DESCRIPTION "If the value of the corresponding instance of the contextViewIndex is equal to zero, then the value of an instance of this object identifies a SNMPv2 party which is the proxy source of a proxy relationship. Interpretation of an instance of this object depends upon the value of the transport domain associated with the SNMPv2 party used as the proxy destination in this proxy relationship. If the value of the corresponding instance of the contextViewIndex is greater than zero, then the value of an instance of this object is { 0 0 }." ::= { contextEntry 8 } Galvin & McCloghrie [Page 33]
RFC 1447 Party MIB for SNMPv2 April 1993 contextProxyContext OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX OBJECT IDENTIFIER MAX-ACCESS read-create STATUS current DESCRIPTION "If the value of the corresponding instance of the contextViewIndex is equal to zero, then the value of an instance of this object identifies the context of a proxy relationship. Interpretation of an instance of this object depends upon the value of the transport domain associated with the SNMPv2 party used as the proxy destination in this proxy relationship. If the value of the corresponding instance of the contextViewIndex is greater than zero, then the value of an instance of this object is { 0 0 }." ::= { contextEntry 9 } contextStorageType OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX StorageType MAX-ACCESS read-create STATUS current DESCRIPTION "The storage type for this conceptual row in the contextTable." DEFVAL { nonVolatile } ::= { contextEntry 10 } Galvin & McCloghrie [Page 34]
RFC 1447 Party MIB for SNMPv2 April 1993 contextStatus OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX RowStatus MAX-ACCESS read-create STATUS current DESCRIPTION "The status of this conceptual row in the contextTable. A context is not qualified for activation until instances of all corresponding columns have the appropriate value. In particular, if the context's contextViewIndex is greater than zero, then the viewStatus column of the associated conceptual row(s) in the viewTable must have the value `active'. Until instances of all corresponding columns are appropriately configured, the value of the corresponding instance of the contextStatus column is `notReady'." ::= { contextEntry 11 } Galvin & McCloghrie [Page 35]
RFC 1447 Party MIB for SNMPv2 April 1993 -- the SNMPv2 access privileges database group snmpAccess OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { partyMIBObjects 3 } aclTable OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX SEQUENCE OF AclEntry MAX-ACCESS not-accessible STATUS current DESCRIPTION "The access privileges database." ::= { snmpAccess 1 } aclEntry OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX AclEntry MAX-ACCESS not-accessible STATUS current DESCRIPTION "The access privileges for a particular subject SNMPv2 party when asking a particular target SNMPv2 party to access a particular SNMPv2 context." INDEX { aclTarget, aclSubject, aclResources } ::= { aclTable 1 } AclEntry ::= SEQUENCE { aclTarget INTEGER, aclSubject INTEGER, aclResources INTEGER, aclPrivileges INTEGER, aclStorageType StorageType, aclStatus RowStatus } Galvin & McCloghrie [Page 36]
RFC 1447 Party MIB for SNMPv2 April 1993 aclTarget OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX INTEGER (1..65535) MAX-ACCESS not-accessible STATUS current DESCRIPTION "The value of an instance of this object identifies a SNMPv2 party which is the target of an access control policy, and has the same value as the instance of the partyIndex object for that party." ::= { aclEntry 1 } aclSubject OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX INTEGER (1..65535) MAX-ACCESS not-accessible STATUS current DESCRIPTION "The value of an instance of this object identifies a SNMPv2 party which is the subject of an access control policy, and has the same value as the instance of the partyIndex object for that SNMPv2 party." ::= { aclEntry 2 } aclResources OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX INTEGER (1..65535) MAX-ACCESS not-accessible STATUS current DESCRIPTION "The value of an instance of this object identifies a SNMPv2 context in an access control policy, and has the same value as the instance of the contextIndex object for that SNMPv2 context." ::= { aclEntry 3 } Galvin & McCloghrie [Page 37]
RFC 1447 Party MIB for SNMPv2 April 1993 aclPrivileges OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX INTEGER (0..255) MAX-ACCESS read-create STATUS current DESCRIPTION "The access privileges which govern what management operations a particular target party may perform with respect to a particular SNMPv2 context when requested by a particular subject party. These privileges are specified as a sum of values, where each value specifies a SNMPv2 PDU type by which the subject party may request a permitted operation. The value for a particular PDU type is computed as 2 raised to the value of the ASN.1 context-specific tag for the appropriate SNMPv2 PDU type. The values (for the tags defined in [5]) are defined in [3] as: Get : 1 GetNext : 2 Response : 4 Set : 8 unused : 16 GetBulk : 32 Inform : 64 SNMPv2-Trap : 128 The null set is represented by the value zero." DEFVAL { 35 } -- Get, Get-Next & Get-Bulk ::= { aclEntry 4 } aclStorageType OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX StorageType MAX-ACCESS read-create STATUS current DESCRIPTION "The storage type for this conceptual row in the aclTable." DEFVAL { nonVolatile } ::= { aclEntry 5 } Galvin & McCloghrie [Page 38]
RFC 1447 Party MIB for SNMPv2 April 1993 aclStatus OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX RowStatus MAX-ACCESS read-create STATUS current DESCRIPTION "The status of this conceptual row in the aclTable." ::= { aclEntry 6 } Galvin & McCloghrie [Page 39]
RFC 1447 Party MIB for SNMPv2 April 1993 -- the MIB view database group snmpViews OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { partyMIBObjects 4 } viewTable OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX SEQUENCE OF ViewEntry MAX-ACCESS not-accessible STATUS current DESCRIPTION "Locally held information about the MIB views known to this SNMPv2 entity. Each SNMPv2 context which is locally accessible has a single MIB view which is defined by two collections of view subtrees: the included view subtrees, and the excluded view subtrees. Every such subtree, both included and excluded, is defined in this table. To determine if a particular object instance is in a particular MIB view, compare the object instance's OBJECT IDENTIFIER with each of the MIB view's entries in this table. If none match, then the object instance is not in the MIB view. If one or more match, then the object instance is included in, or excluded from, the MIB view according to the value of viewType in the entry whose value of viewSubtree has the most sub- identifiers. If multiple entries match and have the same number of sub-identifiers, then the lexicographically greatest instance of viewType determines the inclusion or exclusion. An object instance's OBJECT IDENTIFIER X matches an entry in this table when the number of sub- identifiers in X is at least as many as in the value of viewSubtree for the entry, and each sub- identifier in the value of viewSubtree matches its corresponding sub-identifier in X. Two sub- identifiers match either if the corresponding bit of viewMask is zero (the 'wild card' value), or if they are equal. Due to this 'wild card' capability, we introduce Galvin & McCloghrie [Page 40]
RFC 1447 Party MIB for SNMPv2 April 1993 the term, a 'family' of view subtrees, to refer to the set of subtrees defined by a particular combination of values of viewSubtree and viewMask. In the case where no 'wild card' is defined in viewMask, the family of view subtrees reduces to a single view subtree." ::= { snmpViews 1 } viewEntry OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX ViewEntry MAX-ACCESS not-accessible STATUS current DESCRIPTION "Information on a particular family of view subtrees included in or excluded from a particular SNMPv2 context's MIB view. Implementations must not restrict the number of families of view subtrees for a given MIB view, except as dictated by resource constraints on the overall number of entries in the viewTable." INDEX { viewIndex, IMPLIED viewSubtree } ::= { viewTable 1 } ViewEntry ::= SEQUENCE { viewIndex INTEGER, viewSubtree OBJECT IDENTIFIER, viewMask OCTET STRING, viewType INTEGER, viewStorageType StorageType, viewStatus RowStatus } Galvin & McCloghrie [Page 41]
RFC 1447 Party MIB for SNMPv2 April 1993 viewIndex OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX INTEGER (1..65535) MAX-ACCESS not-accessible STATUS current DESCRIPTION "A unique value for each MIB view. The value for each MIB view must remain constant at least from one re-initialization of the entity's network management system to the next re-initialization." ::= { viewEntry 1 } viewSubtree OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX OBJECT IDENTIFIER MAX-ACCESS not-accessible STATUS current DESCRIPTION "A MIB subtree." ::= { viewEntry 2 } viewMask OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX OCTET STRING (SIZE (0..16)) MAX-ACCESS read-create STATUS current DESCRIPTION "The bit mask which, in combination with the corresponding instance of viewSubtree, defines a family of view subtrees. Each bit of this bit mask corresponds to a sub- identifier of viewSubtree, with the most significant bit of the i-th octet of this octet string value (extended if necessary, see below) corresponding to the (8*i - 7)-th sub-identifier, and the least significant bit of the i-th octet of this octet string corresponding to the (8*i)-th sub-identifier, where i is in the range 1 through 16. Each bit of this bit mask specifies whether or not the corresponding sub-identifiers must match when determining if an OBJECT IDENTIFIER is in this family of view subtrees; a '1' indicates that an exact match must occur; a '0' indicates 'wild card', i.e., any sub-identifier value matches. Galvin & McCloghrie [Page 42]
RFC 1447 Party MIB for SNMPv2 April 1993 Thus, the OBJECT IDENTIFIER X of an object instance is contained in a family of view subtrees if the following criteria are met: for each sub-identifier of the value of viewSubtree, either: the i-th bit of viewMask is 0, or the i-th sub-identifier of X is equal to the i-th sub-identifier of the value of viewSubtree. If the value of this bit mask is M bits long and there are more than M sub-identifiers in the corresponding instance of viewSubtree, then the bit mask is extended with 1's to be the required length. Note that when the value of this object is the zero-length string, this extension rule results in a mask of all-1's being used (i.e., no 'wild card'), and the family of view subtrees is the one view subtree uniquely identified by the corresponding instance of viewSubtree." DEFVAL { ''H } ::= { viewEntry 3 } Galvin & McCloghrie [Page 43]
RFC 1447 Party MIB for SNMPv2 April 1993 viewType OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX INTEGER { included(1), excluded(2) } MAX-ACCESS read-create STATUS current DESCRIPTION "The status of a particular family of view subtrees within the particular SNMPv2 context's MIB view. The value 'included(1)' indicates that the corresponding instances of viewSubtree and viewMask define a family of view subtrees included in the MIB view. The value 'excluded(2)' indicates that the corresponding instances of viewSubtree and viewMask define a family of view subtrees excluded from the MIB view." DEFVAL { included } ::= { viewEntry 4 } viewStorageType OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX StorageType MAX-ACCESS read-create STATUS current DESCRIPTION "The storage type for this conceptual row in the viewTable." DEFVAL { nonVolatile } ::= { viewEntry 5 } viewStatus OBJECT-TYPE SYNTAX RowStatus MAX-ACCESS read-create STATUS current DESCRIPTION "The status of this conceptual row in the viewTable." ::= { viewEntry 6 } Galvin & McCloghrie [Page 44]
RFC 1447 Party MIB for SNMPv2 April 1993 -- conformance information partyMIBConformance OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { partyMIB 3 } partyMIBCompliances OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { partyMIBConformance 1 } partyMIBGroups OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { partyMIBConformance 2 } -- compliance statements unSecurableCompliance MODULE-COMPLIANCE STATUS current DESCRIPTION "The compliance statement for SNMPv2 entities which implement the Party MIB, but do not support any authentication or privacy protocols (i.e., only the noAuth and noPriv protocols are supported)." MODULE -- this module MANDATORY-GROUPS { partyMIBGroup } ::= { partyMIBCompliances 1 } partyNoPrivacyCompliance MODULE-COMPLIANCE STATUS current DESCRIPTION "The compliance statement for SNMPv2 entities which implement the Party MIB, and support an authentication protocol, but do not support any privacy protocols (i.e., only the noAuth, v2md5AuthProtocol, and noPriv protocols are supported)." MODULE -- this module MANDATORY-GROUPS { partyMIBGroup } ::= { partyMIBCompliances 2 } Galvin & McCloghrie [Page 45]
RFC 1447 Party MIB for SNMPv2 April 1993 partyPrivacyCompliance MODULE-COMPLIANCE STATUS current DESCRIPTION "The compliance statement for SNMPv2 entities which implement the Party MIB, support an authentication protocol, and support a privacy protocol ONLY for the purpose of accessing security parameters. For all aclTable entries authorizing a subject and/or target SNMPv2 party whose privacy protocol is desPrivProtocol, to be used in accessing a SNMPv2 context, the MIB view for that SNMPv2 context shall include only those objects subordinate to partyMIBObjects, or a subset thereof, e.g., viewSubtree = { partyMIBObjects } viewMask = ''H viewType = { included } Any attempt to configure an entry in the partyTable, the contextTable, the aclTable or the viewTable such that a party using the desPrivProtocol would be authorized for use in accessing objects outside of the partyMIBObjects subtree shall result in the appropriate error response (e.g., wrongValue or inconsistentValue)." MODULE -- this module MANDATORY-GROUPS { partyMIBGroup } ::= { partyMIBCompliances 3 } Galvin & McCloghrie [Page 46]
RFC 1447 Party MIB for SNMPv2 April 1993 fullPrivacyCompliance MODULE-COMPLIANCE STATUS current DESCRIPTION "The compliance statement for SNMPv2 entities which implement the Party MIB, support an authentication protocol, and support a privacy protocol without restrictions on its use." MODULE -- this module MANDATORY-GROUPS { partyMIBGroup } ::= { partyMIBCompliances 4 } -- units of conformance partyMIBGroup OBJECT-GROUP OBJECTS { partyIndex, partyTDomain, partyTAddress, partyMaxMessageSize, partyLocal, partyAuthProtocol, partyAuthClock, partyAuthPrivate, partyAuthPublic, partyAuthLifetime, partyPrivProtocol, partyPrivPrivate, partyPrivPublic, partyStorageType, partyStatus, partyCloneFrom, contextIndex, contextLocal, contextViewIndex, contextLocalEntity, contextLocalTime, contextStorageType, contextStatus, aclTarget, aclSubject, aclPrivileges, aclStorageType, aclStatus, viewMask, viewType, viewStorageType, viewStatus } STATUS current DESCRIPTION "The collection of objects allowing the description and configuration of SNMPv2 parties. Note that objects which support proxy relationships are not included in this conformance group." ::= { partyMIBGroups 1 } END Galvin & McCloghrie [Page 47]
RFC 1447 Party MIB for SNMPv2 April 1993 3. Acknowledgments This document is based, almost entirely, onRFC 1353. Galvin & McCloghrie [Page 48]
RFC 1447 Party MIB for SNMPv2 April 1993 4. References [1] Information processing systems - Open Systems Interconnection - Specification of Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1), International Organization for Standardization. International Standard 8824, (December, 1987). [2] Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M., and Waldbusser, S., "Structure of Management Information for version 2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2)",RFC 1442, SNMP Research, Inc., Hughes LAN Systems, Dover Beach Consulting, Inc., Carnegie Mellon University, April 1993. [3] Galvin, J., and McCloghrie, K., "Administrative Model for version 2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2)",RFC 1445, Trusted Information Systems, Hughes LAN Systems, April 1993. [4] Galvin, J., and McCloghrie, K., "Security Protocols for version 2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2)",RFC 1446, Trusted Information Systems, Hughes LAN Systems, April 1993. [5] Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M., and Waldbusser, S., "Protocol Operations for version 2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2)",RFC 1448, SNMP Research, Inc., Hughes LAN Systems, Dover Beach Consulting, Inc., Carnegie Mellon University, April 1993. [5] Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M., and Waldbusser, S., "Transport Mappings for version 2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2)",RFC 1449, SNMP Research, Inc., Hughes LAN Systems, Dover Beach Consulting, Inc., Carnegie Mellon University, April 1993. Galvin & McCloghrie [Page 49]
RFC 1447 Party MIB for SNMPv2 April 1993 5. Security Considerations Security issues are not discussed in this memo. 6. Authors' Addresses Keith McCloghrie Hughes LAN Systems 1225 Charleston Road Mountain View, CA 94043 US Phone: +1 415 966 7934 Email: kzm@hls.com James M. Galvin Trusted Information Systems, Inc. 3060 Washington Road, Route 97 Glenwood, MD 21738 Phone: +1 301 854-6889 EMail: galvin@tis.com Galvin & McCloghrie [Page 50]
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