Movatterモバイル変換

Network Working Group                                            V. CerfRequest for Comments: 1217                                          CSCR                                                            1 April 1991Memo from the Consortium for Slow Commotion Research (CSCR)Status of this Memo   This RFC is in response toRFC 1216, "Gigabit Network Economics and   Paradigm Shifts".  Distribution of this memo is unlimited.To: Poorer Richard and Professor KynikosSubject: ULSNET BAAFrom: Vint Cerf/CSCRDate: 4/1/91   The Consortium for Slow Commotion Research (CSCR) [1] is pleased to   respond to your research program announcement (RFC 1216) on Ultra   Low-Speed Networking (ULSNET).  CSCR proposes to carry out a major   research and development program on low-speed, low-efficiency   networks over a period of several eons.  Several designs are   suggested below for your consideration.1. Introduction   Military requirements place a high premium on ultra-robust systems   capable of supporting communication in extremely hostile   environments.  A major contributing factor in the survivability of   systems is a high degree of redundancy.  CSCR believes that the   system designs offered below exhibit extraordinary redundancy   features which should be of great interest to DARPA and the   Department of Defense.2. Jam-Resistant Land Mobile Communications   This system uses a highly redundant optical communication technique   to achieve ultra-low, ultra-robust transmission.  The basic unit is   the M1A1 tank.  Each tank is labelled with the number 0 or 1 painted   four feet high on the tank turret in yellow, day-glo luminescent   paint.  Several detection methods are under consideration:     (a)  A tree or sand-dune mounted forward observer (FO) radios          to a reach echelon main frame computer the binary valuesCerf                                                            [Page 1]

RFC 1217                       ULSNET BAA                     April 1991          of tanks moving in a serial column.  The mainframe decodes          the binary values and voice-synthesizes the alphameric          ASCII-encoded messages which is then radioed back to the          FO.  The FO then dispatches a runner to his unit HQ with          the message.  The system design includes two redundant,          emergency back-up forward observers in different trees          with a third in reserve in a foxhole.     (b)  Wide-area communication by means of overhead          reconnaissance satellites which detect the binary signals          from the M1A1 mobile system and download this          information for processing in special U.S. facilities in the          Washington, D.C. area.  A Convection Machine [2] system          will be used to perform a codebook table look-up to decode          the binary message.  The decoded message will be relayed          by morse-code over a packet meteor burst communications          channel to the appropriate Division headquarters.     (c)  An important improvement in the sensitivity of this system          can be obtained by means of a coherent detection strategy.          Using long baseline interferometry, phase differences          among the advancing tank column elements will be used to          signal a secondary message to select among a set of          codebooks in the Convenction Machine.  The phase analysis          will be carried out using Landsat imagery enhanced by          suitable processing at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory.  The          Landsat images (of the moving tanks) will be correlated          with SPOT Image images to obtain the phase-encoded          information.  The resulting data will be faxed to          Washington, D.C., for use in the Convection Machine          decoding step.  The remainder of this process is as for (b)          above.     (d)  It is proposed to use SIMNET to simulate this system.3. Low Speed Undersea Communication   Using the 16" guns of the Battleship Missouri, a pulse-code modulated   message will be transmitted via the Pacific Ocean to the Ames   Research Center in California.  Using a combination of fixed and   towed acoustic hydrophone arrays, the PCM signal will be detected,   recorded, enhanced and analyzed both at fixed installations and   aboard undersea vessels which have been suitably equipped.  An   alternative acoustic source is to use M1A1 main battle tanks firing   150 mm H.E. ordnance.  It is proposed to conduct tests of this method   in the Persian Gulf during the summer of 1991.Cerf                                                            [Page 2]

RFC 1217                       ULSNET BAA                     April 19914. Jam-Resistant Underwater Communication   The ULS system proposed in (2) above has the weakness that it is   readily jammed by simple depth charge explosions or other sources of   acoustic noise (e.g., Analog Equipment Corporation DUCK-TALK voice   synthesizers linked with 3,000 AMP amplifiers).  An alternative is to   make use of the ultimate in jam resistance: neutrino transmission.   For all practical purposes, almost nothing (including several light-   years of lead) will stop a neutrino.  There is, however, a slight   cross-section which can be exploited provided that a cubic mile of   sea water is available for observing occasional neutrino-chlorine   interactions which produce a detectable photon burst.  Thus, we have   the basis for a highly effective, extremely low speed communication   system for communicating with submarines.   There are a few details to be worked out:     (a)  the only accelerator available to us to generate neutrino          bursts is located at Batavia National Laboratory (BNL).     (b)  the BNL facility can only send neutrino bursts in one          direction (through the center of the Earth) to a site near          Tierra del Fuego, Chile.  Consequently, all submarines must          be scheduled to pass near Tierra del Fuego on a regular          basis to coincide with the PCM neutrino signalling from          the BNL source.     (c)  the maximum rate of neutrino burst transmission is          approximately once every 20 seconds.  This high rate can be          reduced considerably if the pwer source for the accelerator          is limited to a rate sustainable by discharging a large          capacitor which is trickle charged by a 2 square foot solar          panel mounted to face north.5. Options for Further Reducing Effective Throughput     (a)  Anti-Huffman Coding.  The most frequent symbol is          assigned the longest code, with code lengths reducing with          symbol probability.     (b)  Minimum likelihood decoding.  The least likely          interpretation of the detected symbol is selected to          maximize the probability of decoding error.     (c)  Firefly cryptography.  A random signal (mason jar full of          fireflies) is used to encipher the transmitted signal by          optical combining.  At the receiving site, another jar of          fireflies is used to decipher the message.  Since theCerf                                                            [Page 3]

RFC 1217                       ULSNET BAA                     April 1991          correlation between the transmitting and receiving firefly          jars is essentially nil, the probability of successful          decipherment is quite low, yielding a very low effective          transmission rate.     (d)  Recursive Self-encapsulation.  Since it is self-evident that          layered communication is a GOOD THING, more layers          must be better.  It is proposed to recursively encapsulate          each of the 7 layers of OSI, yielding a 49 layer          communications model.  The redundancy and          retransmission and flow control achieved by this means          should produce an extremely low bandwidth system if,          indeed, any information can be transmitted at all.  It is          proposed that the top level application layer utilize ASN.1          encoded in a 32 bit per character set.     (e)  Scaling.  The initial M1A1 tank basis for the land mobile          communication system can be improved.  It is proposed to          reduce the effective data rate further by replacing the          tanks with shuttle launch vehicles.  The only slower method          of signalling might be the use of cars on any freeway in the          Los Angeles area.     (f)  Network Management.  It is proposed to adopt the Slow          Network Management Protocol (SNMP) as a standard for          ULSNET.  All standard Management Information Base          variables will be specified in Serbo-Croatian and all          computations carried-out in reverse-Polish.     (g)  Routing.  Two alternatives are proposed:               (1) Mashed Potato Routing               (2) Airline Baggage Routing [due to S. Cargo]          The former is a scheme whereby any incoming packets are          stored for long periods of time before forwarding.  If space          for storage becomes a problem, packets are compressed by          removing bits at random.  Packets are then returned to the          sender.  In the latter scheme, packets are mislabelled at the          initial switch and randomly labelled as they are moved          through the network.  A special check is made before          forwarding to avoid routing to the actual intended          destination.   CSCR looks forward to a protracted and fruitless discussion with you   on this subject as soon as we can figure out how to transmit the   proposal.Cerf                                                            [Page 4]

RFC 1217                       ULSNET BAA                     April 1991NOTES   [1] The Consortium was formed 3/27/91 and includes David Clark,       John Wroclawski, and Karen Sollins/MIT, Debbie Deutsch/BBN,       Bob Braden/ISI, Vint Cerf/CNRI and several others whose names       have faded into an Alzheimerian oblivion...   [2] Convection Machine is a trademark of Thoughtless Machines, Inc.,       a joint-venture of Hot-Air Associates and Air Heads International       using vaporware from the Neural Network Corporation.Security Considerations   Security issues are not discussed in this memo.Author's Address   Vint Cerf   Corporation for National Research Initiatives   1895 Preston White Drive, Suite 100   Reston, VA 22091   Phone: (703) 620-8990   EMail: CERF@NRI.RESTON.VA.USCerf                                                            [Page 5]