In this directory I place short essays (anything from 500 to 5000words) on various Python subjects. See also a collection ofpresentations I have given. See also myblog at blogspot.com and myprevious blog atartima.com.

--Guido van Rossum

Table of contents (in mostly chronological order)

• Unifying types and classes in Python 2.2

  (See below)

• Foreword for "Programming Python" (1st ed.)

  Written in 1996, this gives an overview of the early history andbackground of Python and some of my philosophy about software designand project management. See also myforeword to the 2nd edition.

• Implementing Graphs

  An elegant and perhaps not obvious way to represent graphs usingPython's most fundamental and versatile data types, lists anddictionaries.

• An Optimization Anecdote

  Required reading if you find that your Python code runs too slow.

• Metaclass Programming in Python 1.5

  Warning: reading this document may cause your brain to explode.

• Built-in Package Support in Python 1.5

  The most official documentation for the new package features inPython 1.5.

• Standard Exception Classes in Python 1.5

  The most official documentation for the new exception features inPython 1.5. (Updated for Python 1.5.2 by Barry Warsaw.)

• Glue It All Together With Python

  A position paper I wrote for and presented at theOMG-DARPA-MCC workshop on compositional software architectures in Monterey,California, January 6-8, 1998.

• What Is Python? Executive Summary

  A short (two paragraphs) high-level presentation of Python's virtues.

• Comparing Python to Other Languages

  Activist ammo or flame fodder? (Note: I received lots of feedbackwhen I posted this to comp.lang.python. Unfortunately the feedbackwas diverted to a separate mailbox that I didn't know I had -- when Ifinally found it, I was a bit overwhelmed and so far have not yetfound the time to update the article.)

• Proposed Improvements to Module Cleanup

  A revised version of the proposal I posted to comp.lang.python onFeb 6, 1998. This has been adopted in Python 1.5.1.

• Open Source Summit Trip Report

  My trip report of O'Reilly's Open Source Summit, essentially asposted on c.l.p. This version published in the Linux Gazette (it's anexternal link), in their May 1998 issue.

• Debugging Reference Count Problems

  An edited version of a posting to c.l.p on this subject, on May 27, 1998.

• Computer Programming for Everybody (old)

  A funding proposal that was accepted by DARPA in March 1999.

• Computer Programming for Everybody

  Revised, extended version of the previous proposal.

• Interview in Linux Journal

  Not quite an essay, but a stream of consciousness penned down by ajournalist... More thoughts about CP4E.

• Interview in by Frank Willison for "Frankly Speaking" column

  Another stream of consciousness transcribed by a friendlylistener... Not just on CP4E.

• Foreword for "Programming Python" (2nd ed.)

  The story continues...

• Unifying types and classes in Python 2.2

  An introduction to the type/class unification effort in Python2.2. Note that the unification work is officially labeledexperimental and is subject to change in future releases ofPython.

• Parade of the PEPs

  To start off Developer's Day at thePython10 conference I gave akeynote ending in what I dubbed "the parade of the PEPs". It was abrief overview ofall open PEPs, where I gave my highly personal and subjective opinionfor each PEP. Later, I realized that this might have been of interestto other developers. I didn't take notes at the conference, so belowis a different set of comments that I created from scratch during asingle two-hour sitting on March 7, 2002. I intend to occasionallyupdate this with new comments and new PEPs.