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Hello everyone! Welcome back to programminginpython.com. Here in this post, I will show you how to create a simple temperature converter app in Python GUI using TKInter. This app basically converts aCelcius unit toFahrenheit andKelvinunits and similarly Fahrenheit to the other two units and similar with Kelvinwhich returns the other two units.

Video Series of the app:

You can also watch the video on YouTubehere.

TKInter GUI Design

Here I used some widgets likeLabel,Button,EntryField (Input field), andOptionsMenu(dropdown).

These widgets are used as follows.

• AnEntryField where one can enter any value and
•  OptionMenu to select the unit of the entered value.
• AButton when pressed, calls the function to calculate the other two temperature units.
• TwoLabels to show the result.

First I must import and initialize TKInter to use it.

import tkinter as tk root = tk.Tk()

Then I will initialize aLabel and an `EntryField` and also set their position usinggrid layout options.

input_label = tk.Label(root, text="Enter temperature")input_entry = tk.Entry(root, textvariable=numberInput)input_label.grid(row=0)input_entry.grid(row=0, column=1)

Here I need to set ‘numberInput’ to a string.

numberInput = tk.StringVar()

Next, I will use anOptionMenu (a drop-down menu) to display Celsius, Fahrenheit, and Kelvin temperatures and also set the dropdown default value to Celsius and set the position of theOptionMenu

dropDownList = ["Celsius", "Fahrenheit", "Kelvin"]dropdown = tk.OptionMenu(root, var, *dropDownList, command=store_temp)var.set(dropDownList[0])dropdown.grid(row=0, column=3)

I also need to setvar in the above snippet to a string.

var = tk.StringVar()

Program on Github

OptionMenu Selected Item

Here I need to convert the input temperature to two other temperature formats based on the input temperature format whether it is Celsius, Fahrenheit, or Kelvin unit, and store it somewhere so I can use it for conversion.

If you notice in the above snippet I used acommand parameter for theOptionMenu, thiscommand is nothing but it calls a function, here it callsstore_temp when anOptionMenu(dropdown) value is changed.

def store_temp(sel_temp):    global tempVal    tempVal = sel_temp

So here I stored the value of the selected temperature intempVal variable which is declared globally. For declaring a variable globally, I just use a variable with some value for it.

tempVal = "Celsius"

So now every time the drop-down is changed, its value is stored intempVal and can be accessed anywhere in our app.

The temperature Converter

So when the user inputs some value and selects the temperature from the drop-down, the next thing is to press a button that shows the desired results.

I will initialize a button with a command to call the conversion function.

result_button = tk.Button(root, text="Convert", command=call_convert)result_button.grid(row=0, columnspan=4)

I will pass 2 labels to show the result and the input value which is entered in the `Entry`. Here I usepartial fromfunctools to pass parameters to the functioncall_convert

So before I callcall_convert I will place the following line.

call_convert = partial(call_convert, result_label1, result_label2, numberInput)

and of course, I need to import `partial`.

from functools import partial

So the logic resides in thiscall_convert method.

Program on GitHub

The Conversion

First I will get the entered value, then check the drop-down value and then perform the conversion and return the result to the labels.

def call_convert(rlabel1, rlabe12, inputn):

The 3 parameters in the above line are the 2 labels to set the result and a value entered in the Entry field.

So First I will get the input value.

tem = inputn.get()

Now I will check the dropdown value, as I previously store this value in a global variabletempVal So now will check whether it is Celsius, Fahrenheit, or Kelvin and perform the conversions based on this value.

#for Celsiusif tempVal == 'Celsius':  ...  ...#for Fahrenheitif tempVal == 'Fahrenheit':  ...  ...#for Kelvinif tempVal == 'Kelvin':  ...  ...

So if the value isCelsius

I will use some calculations to convert and set those results to the appropriate labels.

if tempVal == 'Celsius':    f = float((float(tem) * 9/5) + 32)    k = float((float(tem) + 273.15))    rlabel1.config(text="%f Fahrenheit" % f)    rlabe12.config(text="%f Kelvin" % k)

Here the variablesfandk store the converted results based on some formulae to convertCelsius toFahrenheit andKelvin

Similarly forFahrenheit andKelvin,

if tempVal == 'Fahrenheit':    c = float((float(tem) - 32) * 5 / 9)    k = c + 273    rlabel1.config(text="%f Celsius" % c)    rlabe12.config(text="%f Kelvin" % k)if tempVal == 'Kelvin':    c = float((float(tem) - 273.15))    f = float((float(tem) - 273.15) * 1.8000 + 32.00)    rlabel1.config(text="%f Celsius" % c)    rlabe12.config(text="%f Fahrenheit" % f)

This converts the input temperature to the other two required temperatures.

Program on GitHub

Finishing Touch

Here I will show you How can we set the size of the window, set colors,  background, and foreground colors to widgets, and also to set the window to a fixed size and all.

• Set the size of the window
  • root.geometry('400x150+100+200')
• Set the title of the app
  • root.title('Temperature Converter')
• Set background and foreground colors
  • root.configure(background='#e35237')
  • input_label = tk.Label(root, text="Enter temperature", background='#e35237', foreground="#FFFFFF")
  • dropdown.config(background='#e35237', foreground="#FFFFFF")
  • dropdown["menu"].config(background='#e35237', foreground="#FFFFFF")
• Set the window to a fixed size
  • root.resizable(width=False, height=False)

Program

__author__ = 'Avinash'import tkinter as tkfrom functools import partial# global variabletempVal = "Celsius"# getting drop down valuedef store_temp(sel_temp):    global tempVal    tempVal = sel_temp# the main conversiondef call_convert(rlabel1, rlabe12, inputn):    tem = inputn.get()    if tempVal == 'Celsius':        f = float((float(tem) * 9 / 5) + 32)        k = float((float(tem) + 273.15))        rlabel1.config(text="%f Fahrenheit" % f)        rlabe12.config(text="%f Kelvin" % k)    if tempVal == 'Fahrenheit':        c = float((float(tem) - 32) * 5 / 9)        k = c + 273        rlabel1.config(text="%f Celsius" % c)        rlabe12.config(text="%f Kelvin" % k)    if tempVal == 'Kelvin':        c = float((float(tem) - 273.15))        f = float((float(tem) - 273.15) * 1.8000 + 32.00)        rlabel1.config(text="%f Celsius" % c)        rlabe12.config(text="%f Fahrenheit" % f)    return# app window configuration and UIroot = tk.Tk()root.geometry('400x150+100+200')root.title('Temperature Converter')root.configure(background='#09A3BA')root.resizable(width=False, height=False)root.grid_columnconfigure(1, weight=1)root.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1)numberInput = tk.StringVar()var = tk.StringVar()# label and entry fieldinput_label = tk.Label(root, text="Enter temperature", background='#09A3BA', foreground="#FFFFFF")input_entry = tk.Entry(root, textvariable=numberInput)input_label.grid(row=1)input_entry.grid(row=1, column=1)# result label's for showing the other two temperaturesresult_label1 = tk.Label(root, background='#09A3BA', foreground="#FFFFFF")result_label1.grid(row=3, columnspan=4)result_label2 = tk.Label(root, background='#09A3BA', foreground="#FFFFFF")result_label2.grid(row=4, columnspan=4)# drop down initalization and setupdropDownList = ["Celsius", "Fahrenheit", "Kelvin"]dropdown = tk.OptionMenu(root, var, *dropDownList, command=store_temp)var.set(dropDownList[0])dropdown.grid(row=1, column=3)dropdown.config(background='#09A3BA', foreground="#FFFFFF")dropdown["menu"].config(background='#09A3BA', foreground="#FFFFFF")# button clickcall_convert = partial(call_convert, result_label1, result_label2, numberInput)result_button = tk.Button(root, text="Convert", command=call_convert, background='#09A3BA', foreground="#FFFFFF")result_button.grid(row=2, columnspan=4)root.mainloop()

Program Screenshots

Program on GitHub

That is it for this post, also feel free to look at otherGUI programs or look at all of the postshere. Stay tuned for my next post, until then keep coding

Video Series of the app:

https://www.youtube.com/embed?listType=playlist&list=PLrKr3rQwMgsheweyIykLLrMD7ttZTAyFS&layout=gallery”]

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