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What's New in JDK 8

Java Platform, Standard Edition 8 is a major feature release. This document summarizes features and enhancements in Java SE 8 and in JDK 8, Oracle's implementation of Java SE 8. Click the component name for a more detailed description of the enhancements for that component.

Java Programming Language

• Lambda Expressions, a new language feature, has been introduced in this release. They enable you to treat functionality as a method argument, or code as data. Lambda expressions let you express instances of single-method interfaces (referred to as functional interfaces) more compactly.
• Method references provide easy-to-read lambda expressions for methods that already have a name.
• Default methods enable new functionality to be added to the interfaces of libraries and ensure binary compatibility with code written for older versions of those interfaces.
• Repeating Annotations provide the ability to apply the same annotation type more than once to the same declaration or type use.
• Type Annotations provide the ability to apply an annotation anywhere a type is used, not just on a declaration. Used with a pluggable type system, this feature enables improved type checking of your code.
• Improved type inference.
• Method parameter reflection.

Collections

• Classes in the newjava.util.stream package provide a Stream API to support functional-style operations on streams of elements. The Stream API is integrated into the Collections API, which enables bulk operations on collections, such as sequential or parallel map-reduce transformations.
• Performance Improvement for HashMaps with Key Collisions

Compact Profiles contain predefined subsets of the Java SE platform and enable applications that do not require the entire Platform to be deployed and run on small devices.

Security

• Client-side TLS 1.2 enabled by default
• New variant ofAccessController.doPrivileged that enables code to assert a subset of its privileges, without preventing the full traversal of the stack to check for other permissions
• Stronger algorithms for password-based encryption
• SSL/TLS Server Name Indication (SNI) Extension support in JSSE Server
• Support for AEAD algorithms: The SunJCE provider is enhanced to support AES/GCM/NoPadding cipher implementation as well as GCM algorithm parameters. And the SunJSSE provider is enhanced to support AEAD mode based cipher suites. See Oracle Providers Documentation, JEP 115.
• KeyStore enhancements, including the new Domain KeyStore typejava.security.DomainLoadStoreParameter, and the new command option-importpassword for the keytool utility
• SHA-224 Message Digests
• Enhanced Support for NSA Suite B Cryptography
• Better Support for High Entropy Random Number Generation
• Newjava.security.cert.PKIXRevocationChecker class for configuring revocation checking of X.509 certificates
• 64-bit PKCS11 for Windows
• New rcache Types in Kerberos 5 Replay Caching
• Support for Kerberos 5 Protocol Transition and Constrained Delegation
• Kerberos 5 weak encryption types disabled by default
• Unbound SASL for the GSS-API/Kerberos 5 mechanism
• SASL service for multiple host names
• JNI bridge to native JGSS on Mac OS X
• Support for stronger strength ephemeral DH keys in the SunJSSE provider
• Support for server-side cipher suites preference customization in JSSE

JavaFX

• The new Modena theme has been implemented in this release. For more information, see the blog atfxexperience.com.
• The newSwingNode class enables developers to embed Swing content into JavaFX applications. See theSwingNode javadoc andEmbedding Swing Content in JavaFX Applications.
• The new UI Controls include theDatePicker and theTreeTableView controls.
• Thejavafx.print package provides the public classes for the JavaFX Printing API. See thejavadoc for more information.
• The 3D Graphics features now include 3D shapes, camera, lights, subscene, material, picking, and antialiasing. The newShape3D (Box,Cylinder,MeshView, andSphere subclasses),SubScene,Material,PickResult,LightBase (AmbientLight andPointLight subclasses) , andSceneAntialiasing API classes have been added to the JavaFX 3D Graphics library. TheCamera API class has also been updated in this release. See the corresponding class javadoc forjavafx.scene.shape.Shape3D,javafx.scene.SubScene,javafx.scene.paint.Material,javafx.scene.input.PickResult,javafx.scene.SceneAntialiasing, and theGetting Started with JavaFX 3D Graphics document.
• TheWebView class provides new features and improvements. ReviewSupported Features of HTML5 for more information about additional HTML5 features including Web Sockets, Web Workers, and Web Fonts.
• Enhanced text support including bi-directional text and complex text scripts such as Thai and Hindi in controls, and multi-line, multi-style text in text nodes.
• Support for Hi-DPI displays has been added in this release.
• The CSS Styleable* classes became public API. See thejavafx.css javadoc for more information.
• The newScheduledService class allows to automatically restart the service.
• JavaFX is now available for ARM platforms. JDK for ARM includes the base, graphics and controls components of JavaFX.

Tools

• Thejjs command is provided to invoke the Nashorn engine.
• Thejava command launches JavaFX applications.
• Thejava man page has been reworked.
• Thejdeps command-line tool is provided for analyzing class files.
• Java Management Extensions (JMX) provide remote access to diagnostic commands.
• Thejarsigner tool has an option for requesting a signed time stamp from a Time Stamping Authority (TSA).

Javac tool

• The-parameters option of thejavac command can be used to store formal parameter names and enable the Reflection API to retrieve formal parameter names.
• The type rules for equality operators in the Java Language Specification (JLS) Section 15.21 are now correctly enforced by thejavac command.
• Thejavac tool now has support for checking the content ofjavadoc comments for issues that could lead to various problems, such as invalid HTML or accessibility issues, in the files that are generated whenjavadoc is run. The feature is enabled by the new-Xdoclint option. For more details, see the output from running "javac -X". This feature is also available in thejavadoc tool, and is enabled there by default.
• Thejavac tool now provides the ability to generate native headers, as needed. This removes the need to run thejavah tool as a separate step in the build pipeline. The feature is enabled injavac by using the new-h option, which is used to specify a directory in which the header files should be written. Header files will be generated for any class which has either native methods, or constant fields annotated with a new annotation of typejava.lang.annotation.Native.

Javadoc tool

• Thejavadoc tool supports the newDocTree API that enables you to traverse Javadoc comments as abstract syntax trees.
• Thejavadoc tool supports the new Javadoc Access API that enables you to invoke the Javadoc tool directly from a Java application, without executing a new process. See thejavadoc what's new page for more information.
• Thejavadoc tool now has support for checking the content ofjavadoc comments for issues that could lead to various problems, such as invalid HTML or accessibility issues, in the files that are generated whenjavadoc is run. The feature is enabled by default, and can also be controlled by the new-Xdoclint option. For more details, see the output from running "javadoc -X". This feature is also available in thejavac tool, although it is not enabled by default there.

Internationalization

• Unicode Enhancements, including support for Unicode 6.2.0
• Adoption of Unicode CLDR Data and the java.locale.providers System Property
• New Calendar and Locale APIs
• Ability to Install a Custom Resource Bundle as an Extension

Deployment

• For sandbox applets and Java Web Start applications,URLPermission is now used to allow connections back to the server from which they were started.SocketPermission is no longer granted.
• The Permissions attribute is required in the JAR file manifest of the main JAR file at all security levels.

Date-Time Package- a new set of packages that provide a comprehensive date-time model.

Scripting

• The Rhino javascript engine has been replaced with theNashorn Javascript Engine

Pack200

• Pack200 Support for Constant Pool Entries and New Bytecodes Introduced by JSR 292
• JDK8 support for class files changes specified by JSR-292, JSR-308 and JSR-335

IO and NIO

• NewSelectorProvider implementation for Solaris based on the Solaris event port mechanism. To use, run with the system propertyjava.nio.channels.spi.Selector set to the valuesun.nio.ch.EventPortSelectorProvider.
• Decrease in the size of the<JDK_HOME>/jre/lib/charsets.jar file
• Performance improvement for thejava.lang.String(byte[], *) constructor and thejava.lang.String.getBytes() method.

java.lang and java.util Packages

• Parallel Array Sorting
• Standard Encoding and Decoding Base64
• Unsigned Arithmetic Support

JDBC

• The JDBC-ODBC Bridge has been removed.
• JDBC 4.2 introduces new features.

Java DB

• JDK 8 includes Java DB 10.10.

Networking

• The classjava.net.URLPermission has been added.
• In the classjava.net.HttpURLConnection, if a security manager is installed, calls that request to open a connection require permission.

Concurrency

• Classes and interfaces have been added to thejava.util.concurrent package.
• Methods have been added to thejava.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap class to support aggregate operations based on the newly added streams facility and lambda expressions.
• Classes have been added to thejava.util.concurrent.atomic package to support scalable updatable variables.
• Methods have been added to thejava.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool class to support a common pool.
• Thejava.util.concurrent.locks.StampedLock class has been added to provide a capability-based lock with three modes for controlling read/write access.

Java XML -JAXP

HotSpot

• Hardware intrinsics were added to use Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). TheUseAES andUseAESIntrinsics flags are available to enable the hardware-based AES intrinsics for Intel hardware. The hardware must be 2010 or newer Westmere hardware.Note: AES intrinsics are only supported by the Server VM.

  For example, to enable hardware AES, use the following flags:-XX:+UseAES -XX:+UseAESIntrinsics

  To disable hardware AES use the following flags:-XX:-UseAES -XX:-UseAESIntrinsics

• Removal of PermGen.
• Default Methods in the Java Programming Language are supported by the byte code instructions for method invocation.

Java Mission Control 5.3 Release Notes

• JDK 8 includes Java Mission Control 5.3.