1190 Third Crusade: Holy Roman EmperorFrederick I Barbarossa drowns while crossing the Saleph River (modern Turkey) leading an army to Jerusalem

1540 Former chief minister to King Henry VIII,Thomas Cromwell is arrested in Westminster for treason and heresy

1627 Dutch privateerPiet Heyn attacks Portuguese ships in the Bay of All Saints, Brazil

1692 The 1st victim of the Salem witch trials, Bridget Bishop, is hanged after being found guilty of witchcraft in the Colony of Massachusetts[1]

1752Benjamin Franklin tests the lightning conductor with his kite-flying experiment

1761 Puritan version ofShakespeare's "Othello" opens in Newport, Rhode Island

1768 British customs officials seizeJohn Hancock's ship, "The Liberty", on the suspicion that Hancock had illegally unloaded cargo without paying duties a month earlier

1770 British explorer CaptainJames Cook is the first European to discover the Great Barrier Reef off Australia - by running aground on its coral causing the ship to leak (ship later beached and repaired)

1818 Opera venue Teatro Nuovo (now Teatro Rossini) opens withGioachino Rossini's "La gaza ladra" (The Thieving Magpie") in Pesaro, Italy

1845Andrew Jackson's African Grey parrot "Poll" is removed from his funeral for swearing at The Hermitage, Tennessee. Funeral attendee William Menefee Norment recorded: "Before the sermon and while the crowd was gathering, a wicked parrot that was a household pet got excited and commenced swearing so loud and long as to disturb the people and had to be carried from the house”

1863 Battle of Brice's Crossroads, Mississippi; 3,500 troops led by ConfederateNathan Bedford Forrest defeats a Federal force of 8000

1865Richard Wagner's opera "Tristan und Isolde" premieres in Munich, Germany

1898 US Marines land in Cuba during the Spanish–American War

1911Queen Wilhelmina opens Rembrandt house in Amsterdam

1933Clyde Barrow andBonnie Parker flip their car into a ravine. Parker suffers serious third degree burns from the accident which would affect her for the rest of her life.

1933John Dillinger robs his first bank, in New Carlisle, Ohio. He takes $10, 600

1933 US PresidentFranklin D. Roosevelt issues executive order making Mount Rushmore, in the Black Hills of South Dakota, part of the National Park Service[1]

1935 In Akron, Ohio, Dr. Robert H. Smith (Dr. Bob) from Akron & Bill Wilson from New York City form Alcoholics Anonymous (date of Smith's last drink)

1942 Nazis kill all inhabitants of Lidice, Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (now Czech Republic) which had been implicated in the assassination ofReinhard Heydrich, Nazi controller of Bohemia and Moravia, to “teach the Czechs a final lesson of subservience and humility”; over 170 adult men were executed by firing squad on site, women and children were sent to concentration camp gas chambers, and the village was burned down and plowed under

1943Heinrich Himmler orders the final liquidation of Lodz ghetto in occupied Poland

1957John Diefenbaker (C) elected Prime Minister of Canada

1959 MLB Cleveland Indians'Rocky Colavito hits his 4 home runs in 11-8 win over the Orioles, in Baltimore

1963 US Equal Pay Act signed into law by PresidentJohn F. Kennedy

1966Janis Joplin plays her 1st live gig with Big Brother & The Holding Company, at Avalon Ballroom in San Francisco, California

1968 "Danny Thomas Hour" last airs on NBC-TV

1968 AL games at Baltimore & Chicago postponed honoringRobert F. Kennedy

1972Elvis Presley records a live album at NYC's Madison Square Garden

1972Hank Aaron's grandslammer (14) ties him for NL lead withGil Hodges & moves him ahead ofWillie Mays as #2 HR hitter (649)

1972Sammy Davis Jr.'s cover of "The Candy Man" by Anthony Newley and Leslie Bricusse (from the film "Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory") goes to #1 on the charts - his biggest single

1974 "Feel Like Makin' Love" single released byRoberta Flack (Billboard Song of the Year 1974)

1974 Philadelphia Phillies sluggerMike Schmidt hits a ball off public address speaker hanging from Houston Astrodome roof

1976 67,000 fans attendsPaul McCartney & Wings concert at the Kingdome in Seattle, Washington

1977James Earl Ray (Martin Luther King's killer) escapes from prison

1981 MLB Philadelphia PhilliesPete Rose, tiesStan Musial's NL record of 3,630 hits

1981Sebastian Coe of England sets 800m record (1:41.73) in Florence

1986A. Bartlett Giamatti succeeds Chub Feeney as President of baseball's National League

1990 Peruvian general elections: NovelistMario Vargas Llosa head of the Democratic Front loses toAlberto Fujimori, heading Cambio 90, in the second round

1991 Final episodeDavid Lynch's "Twin Peaks" television series airs on ABC-TV

1994 American tennis aceJennifer Capriati checks out of drug abuse clinic

1996Intel releases 200 mhz pentium chip

1996 Variety talk show "TheRosie O'Donnell Show" hosted by Rosie O'Donnell premieres

1997 Khmer Rouge leaderPol Pot orders the killing of his defense chief Son Sen and 11 of Sen's family members before Pol Pot flees his northern stronghold

1999 Kosovo War: NATO suspends its air strikes afterSlobodan Milošević agrees to withdraw Serbian forces from Kosovo.

2001 PopeJohn Paul II canonizes Lebanon's first female saint, Saint Rafqa

2003 Stephen Schwartz' musical "Wicked", starringIdina Menzel and Kristin Chenoweth, officially opens at the Curran Theatre in San Francisco, California

2003 The Spirit Rover is launched, beginning NASA's Mars Exploration Rover mission