Fiji formed a National Olympic Committee on 25 March 1949, which was recognized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) on 17 June 1955, at the IOC session in Paris. The NOC first competed at the Olympics in 1956. Fiji has since competed at all the Olympics, with the exception of 1964 and 1980.

In 2016 Fiji won its first ever medal taking gold in themen’s rugby sevens. At Tokyo 2020, the men repeated the gold, and the women won its first medal ever by finishing third in the rugby sevens.Jerry Tuwai is the only athlete from Fiji with two medals, both golds.

It competed at the Olympic Winter Games in both 1988 and 1994, their sole representative on each occasion being a cross-country skier,Rusiate Rogoyawa. It returned to Olympic snow again in 2002, represented by Alpine skierLaurence Thoms. Thoms achieved the best Winter performance by an athlete from Fiji, placing 55th of 78 competitors in the giant slalom event.