The Czech Republic, later Czechia, was founded on 21 December 1992 and the new National Olympic Committee was provisionally recognized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) on 16 March 1993. In September of the same year full recognition followed at the IOC session in Monaco. Formerly a part ofCzechoslovakia, the Czech Republic / Czechia has been represented at the Olympics by many athletes.

However, the Czech Republic did not compete officially at the Olympics as an independent nation until its appearance at Lillehammer for the 1994 Olympic Winter Games. The Czech Republic has since competed at the 1996-2020 Olympic Games and the 1998-2022 Olympic Winter Games. As an independent nation, the Czech Republic has won 101 medals, including 29 gold medals, with 67 Summer Olympic medals (19 gold).

As noted, the Czech Republic first competed as an independent nation at the 1994 Olympic Winter Games. It has since won 34 medals, with 10 gold medals at the Winter Games, with its best sports having been cross-country skiing (nine medals and one gold), speed skating (eight medals, three golds), and biathlon (eight medals).

The most successful athletes have been two female Winter Olympians.Martina Sáblíková won seven medals, with three gold, two silver, and two bronze in speed skating, from 2010 to 2022.Kateřina Neumannová won six medals in cross-country skiing between 1992-2006, and also competed in cycling at the 1996 Summer Olympics.

At the Summer Olympics, canoeistJosef Dostál is the Czech athlete with more medals, with a total of four. Two more Czech athletes have also won three medals: shooterKateřina Kůrková-Emmons won one medal of each color between 2004-2008, and rowerOndřej Synek won two silvers and one bronze in the 2008, 2012 and 2016 single sculls event.

The Czech Republic often used the name Czechia and in 2016 the Czech government approved the use of Czechia as their official name. They then petitioned the IOC in 2022 to change the name in international sports to Czechia.