A. HISTORY OF THE SOFTWARE==========================Python was created in the early 1990s by Guido van Rossum at StichtingMathematisch Centrum (CWI, see https://www.cwi.nl) in the Netherlandsas a successor of a language called ABC. Guido remains Python'sprincipal author, although it includes many contributions from others.In 1995, Guido continued his work on Python at the Corporation forNational Research Initiatives (CNRI, see https://www.cnri.reston.va.us)in Reston, Virginia where he released several versions of thesoftware.In May 2000, Guido and the Python core development team moved toBeOpen.com to form the BeOpen PythonLabs team. In October of the sameyear, the PythonLabs team moved to Digital Creations, which becameZope Corporation. In 2001, the Python Software Foundation (PSF, seehttps://www.python.org/psf/) was formed, a non-profit organizationcreated specifically to own Python-related Intellectual Property.Zope Corporation was a sponsoring member of the PSF.All Python releases are Open Source (see https://opensource.org forthe Open Source Definition). Historically, most, but not all, Pythonreleases have also been GPL-compatible; the table below summarizesthe various releases. Release Derived Year Owner GPL- from compatible? (1) 0.9.0 thru 1.2 1991-1995 CWI yes 1.3 thru 1.5.2 1.2 1995-1999 CNRI yes 1.6 1.5.2 2000 CNRI no 2.0 1.6 2000 BeOpen.com no 1.6.1 1.6 2001 CNRI yes (2) 2.1 2.0+1.6.1 2001 PSF no 2.0.1 2.0+1.6.1 2001 PSF yes 2.1.1 2.1+2.0.1 2001 PSF yes 2.1.2 2.1.1 2002 PSF yes 2.1.3 2.1.2 2002 PSF yes 2.2 and above 2.1.1 2001-now PSF yesFootnotes:(1) GPL-compatible doesn't mean that we're distributing Python under the GPL. All Python licenses, unlike the GPL, let you distribute a modified version without making your changes open source. The GPL-compatible licenses make it possible to combine Python with other software that is released under the GPL; the others don't.(2) According to Richard Stallman, 1.6.1 is not GPL-compatible, because its license has a choice of law clause. According to CNRI, however, Stallman's lawyer has told CNRI's lawyer that 1.6.1 is "not incompatible" with the GPL.Thanks to the many outside volunteers who have worked under Guido'sdirection to make these releases possible.B. TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR ACCESSING OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON===============================================================Python software and documentation are licensed under thePython Software Foundation License Version 2.Starting with Python 3.8.6, examples, recipes, and other code inthe documentation are dual licensed under the PSF License Version 2and the Zero-Clause BSD license.Some software incorporated into Python is under different licenses.The licenses are listed with code falling under that license.PYTHON SOFTWARE FOUNDATION LICENSE VERSION 2--------------------------------------------1. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between the Python Software Foundation("PSF"), and the Individual or Organization ("Licensee") accessing andotherwise using this software ("Python") in source or binary form andits associated documentation.2. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License Agreement, PSF herebygrants Licensee a nonexclusive, royalty-free, world-wide license to reproduce,analyze, test, perform and/or display publicly, prepare derivative works,distribute, and otherwise use Python alone or in any derivative version,provided, however, that PSF's License Agreement and PSF's notice of copyright,i.e., "Copyright (c) 2001 Python Software Foundation; All Rights Reserved"are retained in Python alone or in any derivative version prepared by Licensee.3. In the event Licensee prepares a derivative work that is based onor incorporates Python or any part thereof, and wants to makethe derivative work available to others as provided herein, thenLicensee hereby agrees to include in any such work a brief summary ofthe changes made to Python.4. PSF is making Python available to Licensee on an "AS IS"basis. PSF MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS ORIMPLIED. BY WAY OF EXAMPLE, BUT NOT LIMITATION, PSF MAKES NO ANDDISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESSFOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE OF PYTHON WILL NOTINFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY RIGHTS.5. PSF SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF PYTHONFOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS ASA RESULT OF MODIFYING, DISTRIBUTING, OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON,OR ANY DERIVATIVE THEREOF, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF.6. This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a materialbreach of its terms and conditions.7. Nothing in this License Agreement shall be deemed to create anyrelationship of agency, partnership, or joint venture between PSF andLicensee. This License Agreement does not grant permission to use PSFtrademarks or trade name in a trademark sense to endorse or promoteproducts or services of Licensee, or any third party.8. By copying, installing or otherwise using Python, Licenseeagrees to be bound by the terms and conditions of this LicenseAgreement.BEOPEN.COM LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 2.0-------------------------------------------BEOPEN PYTHON OPEN SOURCE LICENSE AGREEMENT VERSION 11. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between BeOpen.com ("BeOpen"), having anoffice at 160 Saratoga Avenue, Santa Clara, CA 95051, and theIndividual or Organization ("Licensee") accessing and otherwise usingthis software in source or binary form and its associateddocumentation ("the Software").2. Subject to the terms and conditions of this BeOpen Python LicenseAgreement, BeOpen hereby grants Licensee a non-exclusive,royalty-free, world-wide license to reproduce, analyze, test, performand/or display publicly, prepare derivative works, distribute, andotherwise use the Software alone or in any derivative version,provided, however, that the BeOpen Python License is retained in theSoftware, alone or in any derivative version prepared by Licensee.3. BeOpen is making the Software available to Licensee on an "AS IS"basis. BEOPEN MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS ORIMPLIED. BY WAY OF EXAMPLE, BUT NOT LIMITATION, BEOPEN MAKES NO ANDDISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESSFOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE OF THE SOFTWARE WILL NOTINFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY RIGHTS.4. BEOPEN SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF THESOFTWARE FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSSAS A RESULT OF USING, MODIFYING OR DISTRIBUTING THE SOFTWARE, OR ANYDERIVATIVE THEREOF, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF.5. This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a materialbreach of its terms and conditions.6. This License Agreement shall be governed by and interpreted in allrespects by the law of the State of California, excluding conflict oflaw provisions. Nothing in this License Agreement shall be deemed tocreate any relationship of agency, partnership, or joint venturebetween BeOpen and Licensee. This License Agreement does not grantpermission to use BeOpen trademarks or trade names in a trademarksense to endorse or promote products or services of Licensee, or anythird party. As an exception, the "BeOpen Python" logos available athttp://www.pythonlabs.com/logos.html may be used according to thepermissions granted on that web page.7. By copying, installing or otherwise using the software, Licenseeagrees to be bound by the terms and conditions of this LicenseAgreement.CNRI LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 1.6.1---------------------------------------1. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between the Corporation for NationalResearch Initiatives, having an office at 1895 Preston White Drive,Reston, VA 20191 ("CNRI"), and the Individual or Organization("Licensee") accessing and otherwise using Python 1.6.1 software insource or binary form and its associated documentation.2. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License Agreement, CNRIhereby grants Licensee a nonexclusive, royalty-free, world-widelicense to reproduce, analyze, test, perform and/or display publicly,prepare derivative works, distribute, and otherwise use Python 1.6.1alone or in any derivative version, provided, however, that CNRI'sLicense Agreement and CNRI's notice of copyright, i.e., "Copyright (c)1995-2001 Corporation for National Research Initiatives; All RightsReserved" are retained in Python 1.6.1 alone or in any derivativeversion prepared by Licensee. Alternately, in lieu of CNRI's LicenseAgreement, Licensee may substitute the following text (omitting thequotes): "Python 1.6.1 is made available subject to the terms andconditions in CNRI's License Agreement. This Agreement together withPython 1.6.1 may be located on the internet using the followingunique, persistent identifier (known as a handle): 1895.22/1013. ThisAgreement may also be obtained from a proxy server on the internetusing the following URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1895.22/1013".3. In the event Licensee prepares a derivative work that is based onor incorporates Python 1.6.1 or any part thereof, and wants to makethe derivative work available to others as provided herein, thenLicensee hereby agrees to include in any such work a brief summary ofthe changes made to Python 1.6.1.4. CNRI is making Python 1.6.1 available to Licensee on an "AS IS"basis. CNRI MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS ORIMPLIED. BY WAY OF EXAMPLE, BUT NOT LIMITATION, CNRI MAKES NO ANDDISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESSFOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE OF PYTHON 1.6.1 WILL NOTINFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY RIGHTS.5. CNRI SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF PYTHON1.6.1 FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS ASA RESULT OF MODIFYING, DISTRIBUTING, OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON 1.6.1,OR ANY DERIVATIVE THEREOF, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF.6. This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a materialbreach of its terms and conditions.7. This License Agreement shall be governed by the federalintellectual property law of the United States, including withoutlimitation the federal copyright law, and, to the extent suchU.S. federal law does not apply, by the law of the Commonwealth ofVirginia, excluding Virginia's conflict of law provisions.Notwithstanding the foregoing, with regard to derivative works basedon Python 1.6.1 that incorporate non-separable material that waspreviously distributed under the GNU General Public License (GPL), thelaw of the Commonwealth of Virginia shall govern this LicenseAgreement only as to issues arising under or with respect toParagraphs 4, 5, and 7 of this License Agreement. Nothing in thisLicense Agreement shall be deemed to create any relationship ofagency, partnership, or joint venture between CNRI and Licensee. ThisLicense Agreement does not grant permission to use CNRI trademarks ortrade name in a trademark sense to endorse or promote products orservices of Licensee, or any third party.8. By clicking on the "ACCEPT" button where indicated, or by copying,installing or otherwise using Python 1.6.1, Licensee agrees to bebound by the terms and conditions of this License Agreement. ACCEPTCWI LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 0.9.0 THROUGH 1.2--------------------------------------------------Copyright (c) 1991 - 1995, Stichting Mathematisch Centrum Amsterdam,The Netherlands. All rights reserved.Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and itsdocumentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted,provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and thatboth that copyright notice and this permission notice appear insupporting documentation, and that the name of Stichting MathematischCentrum or CWI not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining todistribution of the software without specific, written priorpermission.STICHTING MATHEMATISCH CENTRUM DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TOTHIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY ANDFITNESS, IN NO EVENT SHALL STICHTING MATHEMATISCH CENTRUM BE LIABLEFOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGESWHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN ANACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUTOF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.ZERO-CLAUSE BSD LICENSE FOR CODE IN THE PYTHON DOCUMENTATION----------------------------------------------------------------------Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for anypurpose with or without fee is hereby granted.THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITHREGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITYAND FITNESS. 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See Microsoft's documentation(included in its developer tools and on its website at microsoft.com)for specific details.Redistribution of the Windows binary build of the Python interpretercomplies with this agreement, provided that you do not:- alter any copyright, trademark or patent notice in Microsoft'sDistributable Code;- use Microsoft's trademarks in your programs' names or in a way thatsuggests your programs come from or are endorsed by Microsoft;- distribute Microsoft's Distributable Code to run on a platform otherthan Microsoft operating systems, run-time technologies or applicationplatforms; or- include Microsoft Distributable Code in malicious, deceptive orunlawful programs.These restrictions apply only to the Microsoft Distributable Code asdefined above, not to Python itself or any programs running on thePython interpreter. The redistribution of the Python interpreter andlibraries is governed by the Python Software License included with thisfile, or by other licenses as marked.--------------------------------------------------------------------------This program, "bzip2", the associated library "libbzip2", and alldocumentation, are copyright (C) 1996-2019 Julian R Seward. Allrights reserved.Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or withoutmodification, are permitted provided that the following conditionsare met:1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.2. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must not claim that you wrote the original software. If you use this software in a product, an acknowledgment in the product documentation would be appreciated but is not required.3. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be misrepresented as being the original software.4. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission.THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESSOR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIEDWARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSEARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANYDIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIALDAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTEGOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESSINTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDINGNEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THISSOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.Julian Seward, jseward@acm.orgbzip2/libbzip2 version 1.0.8 of 13 July 2019--------------------------------------------------------------------------libffi - Copyright (c) 1996-2022 Anthony Green, Red Hat, Inc and others.See source files for details.Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaininga copy of this software and associated documentation files (the``Software''), to deal in the Software without restriction, includingwithout limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and topermit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject tothe following conditions:The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall beincluded in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OFMERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANYCLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THESOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.BSD LicenseFor Zstandard softwareCopyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates. 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