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Overview - Insect bites and stings

Insect bites or stings are not usually serious and get better in a few days. But sometimes they can become infected or cause a serious allergic reaction.

Bites from some insects can also cause illnesses, such asLyme disease from ticks,scabies from mites, andmalaria from mosquitoes in certain parts of the world.

Symptoms of an insect bite or sting

The main symptoms of an insect bite or sting are:

  • pain where you were bitten or stung
  • a small, swollen lump on the skin

The lump may look red. It may be more difficult to see on black or brown skin, but you should be able to feel it.

A bee sting shown on white skin. There's a very small red mark on the skin and the area around it is slightly raised.
There may be a mark on your skin where you were bitten or stung.
A group of red bites shown on white skin. The person's skin is covered in small red and raised bumps.
Sometimes you may have lots of bites grouped together in a small area.
Mosquito bites shown on brown skin. There are several small raised bumps, which are the same colour as the skin.
You may have a mild allergic reaction, where the skin becomes itchy and raised around the bite or sting.
An infected sting on the finger or someone with white skin. The finger has raised patches that are white, red and purple.
The area may become more swollen and painful if the bite or sting gets infected.
Pictures of common insect bites, stings and rashes

Bee, wasp and hornet stings

A bee sting shown on white skin. There's a very small red mark on the skin and the area around it is slightly raised.
A bee, wasp or hornet sting will usually leave a small mark where the stinger entered the skin. Sometimes the stinger may be stuck in your skin.

Mosquito bites

Mosquito bites shown on brown skin. There are several small raised bumps, which are the same colour as the skin.
Mosquito bites are usually small, raised and itchy.

Tick bites

A tick shown burrowed into white skin. Only the body of the tick is visible and the skin around the tick is red.
Ticks are small spider-like creatures that attach themselves to the skin.
A typical Lyme disease rash on white skin. There is a round, red area, surrounded by a red, ring-shaped rash.
A rash that looks like a bullseye is a symptom of Lyme disease caused by a tick bite.

Horsefly bites

A horsefly bite on the lower leg of someone with white skin. There is a large round, red area where the skin was bitten.
Horsefly bites are large, painful and may bleed. They often become infected.

Midge bites

A group of small raised, red midge bites, shown on white skin.
Midge bites are usually small and raised in groups.

Mite bites

A group of red bites shown on white skin. The person's skin is covered in several small, red and raised bumps.
Mite bites cause very itchy lumps on the skin and sometimes cause blisters.

Flea bites

Large red, raised groups of flea bites. Shown on white skin.
Flea bites are usually found in groups below the knees.

How to treat an insect bite or sting

You can often treat an insect bite or sting without seeing a GP.

Removing stingers, ticks or caterpillars

If anything is left on or in your skin, the first thing you need to do is remove it carefully.

How to remove a bee, wasp or hornet stinger
  1. Brush or scrape the stinger sideways with your fingernail or the edge of a bank card.
  2. Do not use tweezers to pull out a stinger as you could squeeze poison out of it.
  3. Wash the area with soap and water.
How to remove a tick
  1. Using fine-tipped tweezers or a tick-removal tool (if you have one), grasp the tick as close to the skin as possible.
  2. Slowly pull upwards, taking care not to squeeze the tick or leave any of its mouth in your skin. Dispose of it when you've removed it.
  3. Clean the bite with antiseptic or soap and water.
Illustration of a tick being removed with tweezers. The tweezers are gripping the tick's head and pulling it away from the skin.
How to remove caterpillar hairs
  1. Gently remove the caterpillar using tweezers or a pen. Try not to disturb it as it'll release more hairs.
  2. Rinse your skin with running water and allow it to air dry.
  3. Use sticky tape on the skin to pick up any remaining hairs.
  4. Take off any jewellery in case your skin becomes swollen.
  5. Take off your clothes and wash them at a high temperature.

Easing your symptoms

If there's nothing in your skin, or you've removed it, wash your skin with soap and water to help lower the chance of infection.

The bite or sting should get better in a few days. There are some things you can do to ease your symptoms.

Do

  • put an ice pack wrapped in a cloth, or a clean cloth soaked in cold water, on the bite or sting for at least 20 minutes, if it's swollen

  • keep the area raised if you can

  • take painkillers such asparacetamol oribuprofen if the sting is painful

  • use antihistamines to relieve any itching (but do not use antihistamine cream if you had caterpillar hairs on your skin)

  • use a hydrocortisone cream to reduce itching and swelling

Don’t

  • do not scratch the bite or sting, as it could get infected

  • do not use home remedies such as bicarbonate of soda to treat the bite or sting

Non-urgent advice:See a pharmacist if:

You or your child aged 1 year or older has an insect bite or sting and:

  • skin around it feels hot when you touch it or looks red – redness can be harder to see on brown and black skin
  • it's painful
  • the area looks swollen
  • there's pus or fluid coming out of the bite or sting

A pharmacist can recommend treatments, such as antihistamines and steroid creams, and give the same antibiotics as a GP if the bite or sting is infected. They can also give advice or direct you to other medical help if you need it.

Non-urgent advice:See a GP if:

  • a child under 1 year old has an insect bite or sting
  • you think you or your child have been bitten by a tick and have flu-like symptoms, or a round or oval rash that may look like a bullseye

Urgent advice:Ask for an urgent GP appointment or get help from NHS 111 if:

You or your child has been bitten or stung by an insect and:

  • your symptoms get worse or are not getting any better
  • you were stung in your mouth or throat, or near your eyes
  • you have tummy pain and are being sick
  • you feel dizzy or lightheaded
  • you have a high temperature and swollen glands
  • you were stung more than once
  • you've had a serious allergic reaction to an insect bite or sting before

You can call 111 orget help from 111 online. Call 111 to get advice about a child under 5 years old.

Immediate action required:Call 999 if:

  • your lips, mouth, throat or tongue suddenly become swollen
  • you're breathing very fast or struggling to breathe (you may become very wheezy or feel like you're choking or gasping for air)
  • your throat feels tight or you're struggling to swallow
  • your skin, tongue or lips turn blue, grey or pale (if you have black or brown skin, this may be easier to see on the palms of your hands or soles of your feet)
  • you suddenly become very confused, drowsy or dizzy
  • someone faints and cannot be woken up
  • a child is limp, floppy or not responding like they normally do (their head may fall to the side, backwards or forwards, or they may find it difficult to lift their head or focus on your face)

You or the person who's unwell may also have a rash that's swollen, raised or itchy.

These can be signs of a serious allergic reaction and may need immediate treatment in hospital.

Page last reviewed: 01 June 2023
Next review due: 01 June 2026

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