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Meta-Analysis
.2022 Jul 30;14(15):3158.
doi: 10.3390/nu14153158.

Association of Vitamin D Supplementation with Cardiovascular Events: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Association of Vitamin D Supplementation with Cardiovascular Events: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Yi-Yan Pei et al. Nutrients..

Abstract

Background: low vitamin D status has been associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular events. However, whether vitamin D supplementation would reduce the incidence of cardiovascular events remains unclear.

Purpose: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of vitamin D supplementation on the mortality and incidence of cardiovascular events.

Data sources: We searched Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from their inception until 3 May 2022.

Study selection: Two authors searched for randomized clinical trials that reported vitamin D supplementation's effect on cardiovascular events outcomes.

Data extraction: Two authors conducted independent data extraction.

Data synthesis: We identified 41,809 reports; after exclusions, 18 trials with a total of 70,278 participants were eligible for analysis. Vitamin D supplementation was not associated with the mortality of cardiovascular events (RR 0.96, 95% CI 0.88-1.06, I2 = 0%), the incidence of stroke (RR 1.05, 95% CI 0.92-1.20, I2 = 0%), myocardial infarction (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.87-1.09, I2 = 0%), total cardiovascular events (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.91-1.04, I2 = 27%), or cerebrovascular events (RR 1.01, 95% CI 0.87-1.18, I2 = 0%).

Limitation: Cardiovascular events were the secondary outcome in most trials and thus, might be selectively reported.

Conclusion: In this meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials, vitamin D supplementation was not associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular events than no supplementation. These findings do not support the routine use of vitamin D supplementation in general.

Keywords: cardiovascular events; meta-analysis; mortality; vitamin D.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Forest plot comparing the effects of vitamin D on cardiovascular events. For different events, we presented in different rows in forest plots. A. cardiovascular mortality; B. stroke; C. myocardial infarction; D. cardiovascular events; E. cerebrovascular events. The black line represents the 95% confidence interval of each study. The blue box represents the weight of each study. The black diamond refers to results in pooled analysis [12,13,20,21,23,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37].
Figure 1
Figure 1
Forest plot comparing the effects of vitamin D on cardiovascular events. For different events, we presented in different rows in forest plots. A. cardiovascular mortality; B. stroke; C. myocardial infarction; D. cardiovascular events; E. cerebrovascular events. The black line represents the 95% confidence interval of each study. The blue box represents the weight of each study. The black diamond refers to results in pooled analysis [12,13,20,21,23,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37].
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