Movatterモバイル変換

[0]ホーム
URL:

Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
Thehttps:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

NIH NLM Logo
Log inShow account info
Access keysNCBI HomepageMyNCBI HomepageMain ContentMain Navigation
pubmed logo
Advanced Clipboard
User Guide

Full text links

Elsevier Science full text link Elsevier Science Free PMC article
Full text links

Actions

Share

.2014 May 8:76:34-8.
doi: 10.1016/j.curtheres.2013.11.005. eCollection 2014 Dec.

Tympanic, infrared skin, and temporal artery scan thermometers compared with rectal measurement in children: a real-life assessment

Affiliations

Tympanic, infrared skin, and temporal artery scan thermometers compared with rectal measurement in children: a real-life assessment

Karel Allegaert et al. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp..

Abstract

Introduction: Body temperature measurement in children is of clinical relevance. Although rectal measurement is the gold standard, less invasive tools have become available. We aimed to describe the accuracy of tympanic, infrared skin, or temporal artery scan thermometers compared with rectal measurement to reflect core temperature.

Methods: Rectal (Filac 3000; Covidien, Mechelen, Belgium), tympanic (AccuSystem Genius2 Typmanic Infrared Ear Thermometer, Covidien, Mechelen, Belgium), temporal artery scan (Exergen, Exergen Corp, Watertown, Massachusetts), and infrared (ThermoFlash Contactless Medical Electronic Thermometer, Visiomedlab, Paris, France) body temperature measurements were randomly performed and readings were collected once. Temperature readings were described as median and range, and observations were compared with rectal temperature readings (using Wilcoxon, Bland-Altman, sensitivity, and specificity tests). The child's comfort was assessed by the child, parent, and nurse (using Likert scales) and ease of use was assessed by nurses (using visual analog scale).

Results: Based on observations in 294 (median age = 3.2 years, range = 0.02-17 years) children, the mean difference was 0.49°C (tympanic scan; P < 0.0001), 0.34°C (infrared skin scan; P < 0.0001), and 0°C (temporal artery scan; P = 0.9288), respectively, when compared with rectal temperature readings. Based on visual inspection of Bland-Altman plots, all tools overestimated the temperature at lower body temperature and underestimated the temperature at higher body temperature, resulting in a sensitivity of 22% to 41% and a specificity of 98% to 100% for rectal temperatures above 38°C. The Likert scale scores and the visual analog scale scores for rectal measurement were only slightly higher when compared with the other methods.

Conclusions: All noninvasive techniques underperformed compared with rectal measurement. The temporal artery scan deviations were smallest, but all noninvasive techniques overestimate lower temperatures and underestimate higher temperatures compared with rectal measurement. In our hands, temporal artery scan measurement seems to be second best, but not yet ideal.

Keywords: Bland-Altman; body temperature; infrared skin scan; rectal; temporal artery scan; tympanic scan.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Bland-Altman plot illustrating a mean difference of 0.49°C, with a temperature-related influence on the direction and extent of the difference between rectal or tympanic scan temperature measurement.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Bland-Altman plot illustrating a mean difference of 0.34°C, with a temperature-related influence on the direction and extent of the difference between rectal or infrared skin scan temperature measurement.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Bland-Altman plot illustrating a mean difference of 0°C, with a temperature-related influence on the direction and extent of the difference between rectal or temporal artery scan temperature measurement.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Davis T. NICE guideline: feverish illness in children—assessment and initial management in children younger than 5 years. Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed. 2013;98:232–235. - PubMed
    1. Walson P.D., Jones J., Chesney R. Antipyretic efficacy and tolerability of a single intravenous dose of the acetaminophen prodrug propacetamol in children: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Clin Ther. 2006;28:762–769. - PubMed
    1. Allegaert K., van den Anker J. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intravenous acetaminophen in neonates. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2011;4:713–718. - PubMed
    1. Craig J.V., Lancaster G.A., Taylor S. Infrared ear thermometry compared with rectal thermometry in children: a systematic review. Lancet. 2002;360:603–609. - PubMed
    1. Craig J.V., Lancaster G.A., Williamson P.R. Temperature measured at the axilla compared with rectum in children and young people: a systematic review. BMJ. 2000;320:1174–1178. - PMC - PubMed

Related information

LinkOut - more resources

Full text links
Elsevier Science full text link Elsevier Science Free PMC article
Cite
Send To

NCBI Literature Resources

MeSHPMCBookshelfDisclaimer

The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited.

[8]ページ先頭
©2009-2025 Movatter.jp