MPC1 mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1 [Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 51660, updated on 4-Feb-2026

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Gene Sequences (FASTA)

Transcript sequences (FASTA)

Protein sequences(FASTA)

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Summary

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Official Symbol: MPC1provided byHGNC
Official Full Name: mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1provided byHGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:21606
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000060762 MIM:614738;AllianceGenome:HGNC:21606
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: MPYCD; BRP44L; CGI-129; SLC54A1
Summary: The protein encoded by this gene is part of an MPC1/MPC2 heterodimer that is responsible for transporting pyruvate into mitochondria. The encoded protein is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Defects in this gene are a cause of mitochondrial pyruvate carrier deficiency. Several transcript variants, some protein coding and one non-protein coding, have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012]
Expression: Broad expression in heart (RPKM 92.1), kidney (RPKM 35.4) and 23 other tissuesSee more
Orthologs: all
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Genomic context

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See MPC1 inGenome Data Viewer

Location:: 6q27

Exon count:: 7

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2025_08	current	GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40)	6	NC_000006.12 (166364919..166382940, complement)
RS_2025_08	current	T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1)	6	NC_060930.1 (167741850..167759859, complement)
RS_2024_09	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	6	NC_000006.11 (166778407..166796428, complement)

Chromosome 6 - NC_000006.12 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide:Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: Tissue-specific circular RNA induction during human fetal development
Description: 35 human fetal samples from 6 tissues (3 - 7 replicates per tissue) collected between 10 and 20 weeks gestational time were sequenced using Illumina TruSeq Stranded Total RNA
BioProject:PRJNA270632
Publication:PMID 26076956
Analysis date: Mon Apr 2 22:54:59 2018

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Exploring MPC1 as a potential ferroptosis-linked biomarker in the cervical cancer tumor microenvironment: a comprehensive analysis.
Title: Exploring MPC1 as a potential ferroptosis-linked biomarker in the cervical cancer tumor microenvironment: a comprehensive analysis.
Metabolism-focused CRISPR screen unveils mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1 as a critical driver for PARP inhibitor resistance in lung cancer.
Title: Metabolism-focused CRISPR screen unveils mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1 as a critical driver for PARP inhibitor resistance in lung cancer.
Loss of mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1 supports proline-dependent proliferation and collagen biosynthesis in ovarian cancer.
Title: Loss of mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1 supports proline-dependent proliferation and collagen biosynthesis in ovarian cancer.
Mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1 regulates fatty acid synthase lactylation and mediates treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
Title: Mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1 regulates fatty acid synthase lactylation and mediates treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
Inactivation of mitochondrial pyruvate carrier promotes NLRP3 inflammasome activation and gout development via metabolic reprogramming.
Title: Inactivation of mitochondrial pyruvate carrier promotes NLRP3 inflammasome activation and gout development via metabolic reprogramming.
Identification and characterization of novel MPC1 gene variants causing mitochondrial pyruvate carrier deficiency.
Title: Identification and characterization of novel MPC1 gene variants causing mitochondrial pyruvate carrier deficiency.
Structural Insights into the Human Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier Complexes.
Title: Structural Insights into the Human Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier Complexes.
Mitochondrial pyruvate carrier: a potential target for diabetic nephropathy.
Title: Mitochondrial pyruvate carrier: a potential target for diabetic nephropathy.
MPC1 Deficiency Promotes CRC Liver Metastasis via Facilitating Nuclear Translocation of beta-Catenin.
Title: MPC1 Deficiency Promotes CRC Liver Metastasis via Facilitating Nuclear Translocation of β-Catenin.
Characteristic Analysis of Homo- and Heterodimeric Complexes of Human Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier Related to Metabolic Diseases.
Title: Characteristic Analysis of Homo- and Heterodimeric Complexes of Human Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier Related to Metabolic Diseases.

Submit:New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (31)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Associated conditions

Description	Tests
Mitochondrial pyruvate carrier deficiency MedGen:C3553607OMIM: 614741GeneReviews:Not available	Compare labs

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

D6S2045 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:47929

STS-H93543 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:67136

STS-T87067 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:41793

G20555 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:7869

STS-G20555 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:7870

RH46753 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:85448

RH79004 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:23274

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables pyruvate transmembrane transporter activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in pyruvate import into mitochondria	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in pyruvate import into mitochondria	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in pyruvate import into mitochondria	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
is_active_in mitochondrial inner membrane	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in mitochondrial inner membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in mitochondrial inner membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in mitochondrion	HTP more info	PubMed
located_in mitochondrion	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1

Names: HSPC040 protein; brain protein 44-like protein

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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NEWTry the newTranscript table

RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds.Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported inGenomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

NG_032888.1 RefSeqGene
Range
5074..23095
Download
GenBank,FASTA,Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001270879.2 →NP_001257808.1 mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1 isoform 2
See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001257808.1
Status: REVIEWED
Description
Transcript Variant: This variant (2) contains an alternate exon compared to variant 1. This results in a distinct 5' UTR and causes translation initiation at a downstream start codon compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (2) is shorter at the N-terminus compared to isoform 1. Variants 2 and 4-7 all encode the same isoform (2).
Source sequence(s)
AL022069, AL556427, AL561589, BG828174
Consensus CDS
CCDS75547.1
Related
ENST00000487218.5
Conserved Domains (1)summary
pfam03650
Location:1 →66
MPC; Uncharacterized protein family (UPF0041)
NM_001376565.1 →NP_001363494.1 mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1 isoform 2
Status: REVIEWED
Description
Transcript Variant: This variant (4), as well as variants 2 and 5-7, encodes isoform 2.
Source sequence(s)
AL022069
Consensus CDS
CCDS75547.1
Conserved Domains (1)summary
pfam03650
Location:1 →66
MPC; Uncharacterized protein family (UPF0041)
NM_001376566.1 →NP_001363495.1 mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1 isoform 2
Status: REVIEWED
Description
Transcript Variant: This variant (5), as well as variants 2, 4, 6, and 7, encodes isoform 2.
Source sequence(s)
AL022069
Consensus CDS
CCDS75547.1
Conserved Domains (1)summary
pfam03650
Location:1 →66
MPC; Uncharacterized protein family (UPF0041)
NM_001376567.1 →NP_001363496.1 mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1 isoform 2
Status: REVIEWED
Description
Transcript Variant: This variant (6), as well as variants 2, 4, 5, and 7, encodes isoform 2.
Source sequence(s)
AL022069
Consensus CDS
CCDS75547.1
Conserved Domains (1)summary
pfam03650
Location:1 →66
MPC; Uncharacterized protein family (UPF0041)
NM_001376568.1 →NP_001363497.1 mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1 isoform 2
Status: REVIEWED
Description
Transcript Variant: This variant (7), as well as variants 2 and 4-6, encodes isoform 2.
Source sequence(s)
AL022069
Consensus CDS
CCDS75547.1
Conserved Domains (1)summary
pfam03650
Location:1 →66
MPC; Uncharacterized protein family (UPF0041)
NM_001376569.1 →NP_001363498.1 mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1 isoform 3
Status: REVIEWED
Source sequence(s)
AL022069
Conserved Domains (1)summary
pfam03650
Location:24 →58
MPC; Uncharacterized protein family (UPF0041)
NM_016098.4 →NP_057182.1 mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1 isoform 1
See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_057182.1
Status: REVIEWED
Description
Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes the longer isoform (1).
Source sequence(s)
AL556427, BG828174
Consensus CDS
CCDS5293.1
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
B2R5I7,Q5TI66,Q9HB67,Q9UQN4,Q9Y5U8
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
A0A087WVZ0
Related
ENSP00000354223.6,ENST00000360961.11
Conserved Domains (1)summary
pfam03650
Location:24 →109
MPC; Uncharacterized protein family (UPF0041)

RNA

NR_073093.2 RNA Sequence
Status: REVIEWED
Description
Transcript Variant: This variant (3) contains an alternate internal exon compared to variant 1. This variant is represented as non-coding due to the presence of an upstream ORF that is predicted to interfere with translation of the longest ORF; translation of the upstream ORF renders the transcript a candidate for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD).
Source sequence(s)
AL556427, BF665465, DC402302
NR_164828.1 RNA Sequence
Status: REVIEWED
Source sequence(s)
AL022069
NR_164829.1 RNA Sequence
Status: REVIEWED
Source sequence(s)
AL022069
NR_164830.1 RNA Sequence
Status: REVIEWED
Source sequence(s)
AL022069
NR_164831.1 RNA Sequence
Status: REVIEWED
Source sequence(s)
AL022069

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2025_08

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build.Explain

This section includes genomic Reference Sequences (RefSeqs) from all assemblies on which this gene is annotated, such as RefSeqs for chromosomes and scaffolds (contigs) from both reference and alternate assemblies. Model RNAs and proteins are also reported here.