STING1 stimulator of interferon response cGAMP interactor 1 [Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 340061, updated on 28-Apr-2025

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Gene Sequences (FASTA)

Transcript sequences (FASTA)

Protein sequences(FASTA)

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Summary

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Official Symbol: STING1provided byHGNC
Official Full Name: stimulator of interferon response cGAMP interactor 1provided byHGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:27962
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000184584 MIM:612374;AllianceGenome:HGNC:27962
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: ERIS; MITA; MPYS; SAVI; NET23; STING; hMITA; hSTING; TMEM173; STING-beta
Summary: This gene encodes a five transmembrane protein that functions as a major regulator of the innate immune response to viral and bacterial infections. The encoded protein is a pattern recognition receptor that detects cytosolic nucleic acids and transmits signals that activate type I interferon responses. The encoded protein has also been shown to play a role in apoptotic signaling by associating with type II major histocompatibility complex. Mutations in this gene are the cause of infantile-onset STING-associated vasculopathy. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]
Expression: Ubiquitous expression in lung (RPKM 37.4), spleen (RPKM 28.8) and 24 other tissuesSee more
Orthologs: mouse all
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Genomic context

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See STING1 inGenome Data Viewer

Location:: 5q31.2

Exon count:: 8

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_08	current	GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40)	5	NC_000005.10 (139475533..139482758, complement)
RS_2024_08	current	T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1)	5	NC_060929.1 (140000594..140007823, complement)
RS_2024_09	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	5	NC_000005.9 (138855118..138862343, complement)

Chromosome 5 - NC_000005.10 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide:Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: Tissue-specific circular RNA induction during human fetal development
Description: 35 human fetal samples from 6 tissues (3 - 7 replicates per tissue) collected between 10 and 20 weeks gestational time were sequenced using Illumina TruSeq Stranded Total RNA
BioProject:PRJNA270632
Publication:PMID 26076956
Analysis date: Mon Apr 2 22:54:59 2018

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

STING Orchestrates EV-D68 Replication and Immunometabolism within Viral-Induced Replication Organelles.
Title: STING Orchestrates EV-D68 Replication and Immunometabolism within Viral-Induced Replication Organelles.
Tumor phagocytosis-driven STING activation invigorates antitumor immunity and reprograms the tumor micro-environment.
Title: Tumor phagocytosis-driven STING activation invigorates antitumor immunity and reprograms the tumor micro-environment.
The involvement of Sting in exacerbating acute lung injury in sepsis via the PARP-1/NLRP3 signaling pathway.
Title: The involvement of Sting in exacerbating acute lung injury in sepsis via the PARP-1/NLRP3 signaling pathway.
A TBK1-independent primordial function of STING in lysosomal biogenesis.
Title: A TBK1-independent primordial function of STING in lysosomal biogenesis.
Unravelling the interplay between ER stress, UPR and the cGAS-STING pathway: Implications for osteoarthritis pathogenesis and treatment strategy.
Title: Unravelling the interplay between ER stress, UPR and the cGAS-STING pathway: Implications for osteoarthritis pathogenesis and treatment strategy.
STING Contributes to Pulmonary Hypertension by Targeting IFN and BMPR2 Signaling through Regulating of F2RL3.
Title: STING Contributes to Pulmonary Hypertension by Targeting IFN and BMPR2 Signaling through Regulating of F2RL3.
Inactivated cGAS-STING Signaling Facilitates Endocrine Resistance by Forming a Positive Feedback Loop with AKT Kinase in ER+HER2- Breast Cancer.
Title: Inactivated cGAS-STING Signaling Facilitates Endocrine Resistance by Forming a Positive Feedback Loop with AKT Kinase in ER+HER2- Breast Cancer.
Activation of the cGAS-STING-IRF3 Axis by Type I and II Interferons Contributes to Host Defense.
Title: Activation of the cGAS-STING-IRF3 Axis by Type I and II Interferons Contributes to Host Defense.
FMT rescues mice from DSS-induced colitis in a STING-dependent manner.
Title: FMT rescues mice from DSS-induced colitis in a STING-dependent manner.
Hsa-miR-181a-2-3p inhibits the oncogenicity of colon cancer by directly targeting STING.
Title: Hsa-miR-181a-2-3p inhibits the oncogenicity of colon cancer by directly targeting STING.

Submit:New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (420)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Associated conditions

Description	Tests
STING-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy MedGen:C4014722OMIM: 615934GeneReviews:Not available	Compare labs

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
Genome-wide analysis of polymorphisms associated with cytokine responses in smallpox vaccine recipients. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed
Joint analysis of three genome-wide association studies of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Chinese populations. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

HIV-1 interactions

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Protein interactions

Protein	Gene	Interaction	Pubs
Vpr	vpr	HIV-1 Vpr antagonizes TMEM173 (STING)-mediated innate immune recognition in TZM-bl STING cells (TZM-bl cells engineered to express TMEM173 (STING))	PubMed

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Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

D5S1687E (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:151075

WI-14299 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:58180

D5S2676 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:42091

D5S2282E (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:154488

D9S290 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:47999

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables 2',3'-cyclic GMP-AMP binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables 2',3'-cyclic GMP-AMP binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables 2',3'-cyclic GMP-AMP binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables 2',3'-cyclic GMP-AMP binding	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
enables 2',3'-cyclic GMP-AMP binding	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
enables DNA-binding transcription factor binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables cyclic-di-GMP binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables cyclic-di-GMP binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables cyclic-di-GMP binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables identical protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables nucleotide binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables protein homodimerization activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables protein kinase binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables protein kinase binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables protein serine/threonine kinase binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables proton channel activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables signaling adaptor activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables ubiquitin protein ligase binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in activation of innate immune response	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in activation of innate immune response	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in activation of innate immune response	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in antiviral innate immune response	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in autophagosome assembly	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in autophagosome assembly	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in autophagosome assembly	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in autophagy	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in cGAS/STING signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in cGAS/STING signaling pathway	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in cGAS/STING signaling pathway	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to exogenous dsRNA	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within cellular response to interferon-beta	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in defense response to virus	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in defense response to virus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in defense response to virus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in defense response to virus	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in immune system process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in innate immune response	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in innate immune response	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in innate immune response	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in innate immune response	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in innate immune response	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in monoatomic ion transmembrane transport	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in monoatomic ion transport	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of defense response to virus by host	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of interferon-beta production	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of interferon-beta production	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of interferon-beta production	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of macroautophagy	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in positive regulation of macroautophagy	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of macroautophagy	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of type I interferon production	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in positive regulation of type I interferon production	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of type I interferon production	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of protein complex oligomerization	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in protein complex oligomerization	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in proton transmembrane transport	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of gene expression	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of inflammatory response	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of metabolic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in reticulophagy	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in reticulophagy	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in reticulophagy	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in Golgi apparatus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
is_active_in Golgi membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in Golgi membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in Golgi membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
part_of STING complex	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
part_of STING complex	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
is_active_in autophagosome	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in autophagosome	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in autophagosome	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in autophagosome membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in ciliary basal body	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info
located_in cilium	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info
located_in cytoplasm	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in cytoplasmic vesicle	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in cytoplasmic vesicle membrane	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
located_in cytosol	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info
located_in endoplasmic reticulum	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
is_active_in endoplasmic reticulum membrane	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
is_active_in endoplasmic reticulum membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in endoplasmic reticulum membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in endoplasmic reticulum membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
is_active_in endoplasmic reticulum membrane	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
located_in endoplasmic reticulum membrane	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
is_active_in endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in endosome	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in mitochondrial outer membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in mitochondrial outer membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in mitochondrion	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in nucleoplasm	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info
located_in perinuclear region of cytoplasm	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in perinuclear region of cytoplasm	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
located_in peroxisome	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in plasma membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in plasma membrane	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
located_in secretory granule membrane	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
part_of serine/threonine protein kinase complex	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: stimulator of interferon genes protein

Names: N-terminal methionine-proline-tyrosine-serine plasma membrane tetraspanner; endoplasmic reticulum IFN stimulator; endoplasmic reticulum interferon stimulator; mitochondrial mediator of IRF3 activation; stimulator of interferon protein; stimulator of interferon response cGAMP interactor-deltaC; stimulator of interferon response cGAMP interactor-deltaN; sting 1; transmembrane protein 173

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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NEWTry the newTranscript table

RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds.Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported inGenomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

NG_034249.1 RefSeqGene
Range
5033..12258
Download
GenBank,FASTA,Sequence Viewer (Graphics),LRG_1308

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001301738.2 →NP_001288667.1 stimulator of interferon genes protein isoform 2
See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001288667.1
Status: REVIEWED
Description
Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks an exon in the 3' coding region, resulting in a frameshift. The encoded isoform (2) has a shorter and distinct C-terminus.
Source sequence(s)
AC138517, BI905932, BM708269, BM981219, KF430638
Consensus CDS
CCDS93792.1
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
J3QTB1,V5V0K2
Related
ENSP00000498513.1,ENST00000652110.1
Conserved Domains (1)summary
pfam15009
Location:44 →253
TMEM173; Transmembrane protein 173
NM_001367258.1 →NP_001354187.1 stimulator of interferon genes protein isoform 3 precursor
Status: REVIEWED
Description
Transcript Variant: This variant (3) lacks a coding exon, resulting in a different 5' UTR, and the use of a downstream start codon, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (3) has a shorter N-terminus compared to isoform 1.
Source sequence(s)
AC138517
Consensus CDS
CCDS93791.1
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
A0A494C0W5
Related
ENSP00000498768.1,ENST00000651565.1
Conserved Domains (1)summary
pfam15009
Location:1 →218
TMEM173; Transmembrane protein 173
NM_198282.4 →NP_938023.1 stimulator of interferon genes protein isoform 1
See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_938023.1
Status: REVIEWED
Description
Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longest transcript and encodes the longest isoform (1).
Source sequence(s)
BC047779, BI905932, BM981219
Consensus CDS
CCDS4215.1
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
A8K3P6,B6EB35,D6RBX0,D6RE01,D6RID9,Q86WV6
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
A0A2R3XZB7
Related
ENSP00000331288.4,ENST00000330794.9
Conserved Domains (1)summary
pfam15009
Location:44 →337
TMEM173; Transmembrane protein 173

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build.Explain

This section includes genomic Reference Sequences (RefSeqs) from all assemblies on which this gene is annotated, such as RefSeqs for chromosomes and scaffolds (contigs) from both reference and alternate assemblies. Model RNAs and proteins are also reported here.