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Nature Neuroscience
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Epigenetic programming by maternal behavior

Nature Neurosciencevolume 7, pages847–854 (2004)Cite this article

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Abstract

Here we report that increased pup licking and grooming (LG) and arched-back nursing (ABN) by rat mothers altered the offspring epigenome at a glucocorticoid receptor (GR) gene promoter in the hippocampus. Offspring of mothers that showed high levels of LG and ABN were found to have differences in DNA methylation, as compared to offspring of 'low-LG-ABN' mothers. These differences emerged over the first week of life, were reversed with cross-fostering, persisted into adulthood and were associated with altered histone acetylation and transcription factor (NGFI-A) binding to the GR promoter. Central infusion of a histone deacetylase inhibitor removed the group differences in histone acetylation, DNA methylation, NGFI-A binding, GR expression and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) responses to stress, suggesting a causal relation among epigenomic state, GR expression and the maternal effect on stress responses in the offspring. Thus we show that an epigenomic state of a gene can be established through behavioral programming, and it is potentially reversible.

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Figure 1: Maternal care alters cytosine methylation of GR promoter.
Figure 2: Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis of the association between histone H3-K9 acetylation and NGFI-A binding to the exon 17 GR sequence in hippocampal tissue from adult offspring of high- and low-LG-ABN mothers (n = 4 animals/group).
Figure 3: HDAC inhibitior (TSA) eliminates maternal effect on histone acetylation and NGFI-A binding.
Figure 4: TSA effects on cytosine methylation.
Figure 5: TSA eliminates the maternal effect on hippocampal GR expression and HPA responses to stress.

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Change history

  • 27 July 2004

    added footnote and footnote references to figures within text; updated Figure 1; corrected online date made to issue version of PDF

Notes

  1. *Note:In the version of this article originally published online, inFigure 1, the label of they axis was omitted: it should read "C-methylation (%)". InFigure 2, the panels were misidentified: the top two Southern blot panels in the immunoprecipitation analysis data should be identified as "a", the bottom two Southern blot panels as "b" and the graph as "c". InFigure 3, the legend text referred incorrectly to the panels: the legend should refer to the blots (beginning in the second sentence) as "a" and the graph (last sentence) as "b". InFigure 5, the panels were misidentified: the western blots and the graph immediately below them should be identified as "a" and the graph of corticosterone response as "b". In addition, in panelb, the units were listed incorrectly on they axis: the correct units should be "μg/dl". In the Methods section, in the description of "Sodium bisufite mapping", the description of the thermocycler protocol listed the annealing temperature incorrectly: the annealing temperature should be 56 °C.

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Acknowledgements

These studies were supported by a grant from the Canadian Institutes for Health Research (CIHR) to M.J.M. and M.S. and from the National Cancer Institute of Canada to M.S. M.J.M. is supported by a CIHR Senior Scientist award and the project was supported by a Distinguished Investigator Award (M.J.M.) from the National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Affective Disorders (NARSAD).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Douglas Hospital Research Center, 6875 LaSalle Blvd., Montréal, H4H 1R3, Québec, Canada

    Ian C G Weaver, Frances A Champagne, Shakti Sharma & Michael J Meaney

  2. McGill Program for the Study of Behaviour, Genes and Environment, McGill University, 3655 Sir William Osler Promenade, Montréal, H3G 1Y6, Québec, Canada

    Ian C G Weaver, Frances A Champagne, Moshe Szyf & Michael J Meaney

  3. Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Sir William Osler Promenade, Montréal, H3G 1Y6, Québec, Canada

    Nadia Cervoni, Ana C D'Alessio, Sergiy Dymov & Moshe Szyf

  4. Molecular Medicine Centre, Edinburgh University, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK

    Jonathan R Seckl

Authors
  1. Ian C G Weaver
  2. Nadia Cervoni
  3. Frances A Champagne
  4. Ana C D'Alessio
  5. Shakti Sharma
  6. Jonathan R Seckl
  7. Sergiy Dymov
  8. Moshe Szyf
  9. Michael J Meaney

Corresponding authors

Correspondence toMoshe Szyf orMichael J Meaney.

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Competing interests

The authors declare no competing financial interests.

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Weaver, I., Cervoni, N., Champagne, F.et al. Epigenetic programming by maternal behavior.Nat Neurosci7, 847–854 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1038/nn1276

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