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Chalcophanite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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Named in 1875 by Gideon Emmet Moore from the Greek χαλκός ("chalkos"), "brass", and φαίυεσθαι ("phainestai"), "to appear" in allusion to the change of color on ignition.
Type Locality:
ⓘPassaic pit (Marshall Mine; Passaic Mine), Sterling Hill, Ogdensburg, Sussex County, New Jersey, USA
Isostructural with:
Aurorite,Ernienickelite,Jianshuiite
Frequently in thin platy crystals in open rosettes, also isolated tablets. Pseudo-octahedral habits may be confused withhetaerolite with which it is often associated.


Unique Identifiers
First published:
1875
Type description reference:
Moore G E (1875) On chalcophanite, a new mineral species. The American Chemist 6, 1-2

Classification of Chalcophanite

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
F : Hydroxides (without V or U)
L : Hydroxides with H2O +- (OH); sheets of edge-sharing octahedra
Dana 8th ed.:
7.8.2.1

7 : MULTIPLE OXIDES
8 : AB3X7
Hey's CIM Ref.:
7.5.8

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
5 : Oxides of Zn, Cd and Hg

Mineral SymbolsJolyon RalphUnited Kingdom

Physical Properties of Chalcophanite
Transparency:
Transparent, Opaque
Colour:
Iron-black, bluish black, dark red (in thin plates)
Comment:
Deep red-brown to opaque in transmitted light.
Streak:
Dark brown, red-brown
Hardness:
2½ onMohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
On {0001}
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
3.907 - 4.1 g/cm3 (Measured)    3.85 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of Chalcophanite
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Anisotropism:
Extremely high
Bireflectance:
Well defined; in gray and white.
Reflectivity:
WavelengthR1 (%)R2 (%)
400nm11.4%38.0%
420nm11.0%36.6%
440nm10.6%35.2%
460nm10.3%33.8%
480nm10.0%32.2%
500nm9.8%30.7%
520nm9.8%29.2%
540nm9.7%28.0%
560nm9.5%26.9%
580nm9.3%26.2%
600nm9.3%25.8%
620nm9.2%25.4%
640nm9.2%24.8%
660nm9.0%24.4%
680nm8.9%24.0%
700nm8.9%23.8%


Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Peak reflectance is 38.0%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in
Colour in reflected light:
White
Internal Reflections:
Deep red
Pleochroism:
Strong
Comments:
O = nearly opaque
E = deep red

Chemistry of Chalcophanite

Crystallography of Chalcophanite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Druses of crystals and foliated aggregates lining cavities. Also stalactitic and plumose forms.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
No defined type material.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Oxidation zone of a franklinite and zincite deposit.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
FrankliniteQuartzWillemiteZincite
Reference:
Moore G E (1875) On chalcophanite, a new mineral species. The American Chemist 6, 1-2

Synonyms of Chalcophanite

Other Language Names for Chalcophanite

Relationship of Chalcophanite to other Species
Other Members of Chalcophanite Group:
AuroriteMn2+Mn4+3O7 · 3H2OTrig. 3 :R3
ErnienickeliteNiMn3O7 · 3H2OTrig. 3 :R3
Jianshuiite(Mg,Mn,Ca)Mn3O7 · 3H2OTrig.3 :R3

Common AssociatesTrig.3m(32/m) :R3m4.FL.Mariakrite[Ca4Al2(OH)12(H2O)4][Fe2S4]Tric.1 :P14.FL.05MuskoxiteMg7Fe4O13 · 10H2OTrig.3m(32/m)4.FL.05JamboriteNi2+1-xCo3+x(OH)2-x(SO4)x · nH2OTrig.3m(32/m) :R3m4.FL.05MössbaueriteFe3+6O4(OH)8[CO3] · 3H2OTrig.34.FL.05MeixneriteMg6Al2(OH)16(OH)2 · 4H2OTrig.3m(32/m) :R3m4.FL.05WoodalliteMg6Cr2(OH)16Cl2 · 4H2OTrig.3m(32/m) :R3m4.FL.05FougèriteFe2+4Fe3+2(OH)12[CO3] · 3H2OTrig.3m(32/m) :R3m4.FL.05DritsiteLi2Al4(OH)12Cl2 · 3H2OHex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) :P63/mcm4.FL.05RotemiteCa4Cr2(OH)12Cl2 · 4H2OTrig.3m(32/m) :R3c4.FL.05IowaiteMg6Fe3+2(OH)16Cl2 · 4H2OTrig.3m(32/m) :R3m4.FL.10HydrocalumiteCa4Al2(OH)12(Cl,CO3,OH)2 · 4H2OMon. 2 :P214.FL.15KuzeliteCa4Al2(OH)12[SO4] · 6H2OTrig.4.FL.20Jianshuiite(Mg,Mn,Ca)Mn3O7 · 3H2OTrig.3 :R34.FL.20ErnienickeliteNiMn3O7 · 3H2OTrig. 3 :R34.FL.20AuroriteMn2+Mn4+3O7 · 3H2OTrig. 3 :R34.FL.25WoodruffiteZn2+x/2(Mn4+1-xMn3+x)O2 · yH2OMon. 2/m :B2/m4.FL.30Asbolane(Ni,Co)2-xMn4+(O,OH)4 · nH2OHex.4.FL.30 vaLampaditeCu, Mn, O, H4.FL.35BuseriteNa4Mn14O27 · 21H2O4.FL.40Takanelite(Mn,Ca)Mn4O9 · H2OHex.4.FL.40Ranciéite(Ca,Mn2+)0.2(Mn4+,Mn3+)O2 · 0.6H2OTrig.3 :P34.FL.45Birnessite(Na,Ca)0.5(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4 · 1.5H2OMon. 2/m :B2/m4.FL.55CianciulliiteMn(Mg,Mn)2Zn2(OH)10 · 2-4H2OMon. 2/m :B2/m4.FL.60JenseniteCu3[TeO6] · 2H2OMon. 2/m :P21/m4.FL.65LeisingiteCu2MgTe6+O6 · 6H2OTrig. 3 :P34.FL.70AkdalaiteAl10O14(OH)2Hex.4.FL.75CafetiteCaTi2O5 · H2OMon. 2/m :P21/b4.FL.80MouriteUMo5O12(OH)10Mon. 2/m :P2/b4.FL.85DeloryiteCu4(UO2)(MoO4)2(OH)6Mon. 2/m :B2/m4.FL.90LagalyiteCa2xMn1-xO2 · 1.5-2H2OMon.4.FL.95Tunnerite (of Cornu)4.FL.100CarbocalumiteCa4Al2(OH)12(CO3) · 6H2OTrig.3m(32/m) :R3c4.FL.100MampsisiteCa4Al2(CO3)(OH)12 · 5H2OTric.1 :P1

Fluorescence of Chalcophanite

Other Information
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    • References for ChalcophaniteⓘFarallón NegroBrodtkorb (2002)+1 other referenceSureda (1978)Galliski et al. (2011)
    Australia
     
    Prof Ken McQueen presentation to New ...MINERALOGICAL MAGAZINEMason (1976)Birch et al. (1997)Birch et al. (1997)Ostwald (1981)+1 other referenceRaymond (1992)Kolitsch et al. (1999)SA Geodata Database - Mineral Deposit ...SA Geodata Database - Mineral Deposit ...+1 other referenceMuseum Victoria collectionHaupt (1988)Sorrell (n.d.)Bottrill et al. (2008)Bottrill et al. (2006)Bottrill et al. (2008)Bottrill et al. (2008)+1 other referenceMINERALOGICAL MAGAZINENickel et al. (1993)Nickel et al. (1993)Nickel et al. (1993)MINERALOGICAL MAGAZINEJones et al. (2013)tngltd.com.au (2011)
    Austria
     
    Exel (1993)Paar et al. (1998)+1 other referenceNiedermayr et al. (1995)+1 other referenceStrasser (1989)Kolitsch (2013)Hartmut R. Hiden (2006)Auer (2023)
    Belgium
     
    Michel BLONDIEAU et al. (2018)Blondieau et al. (2016)Blondieau et al. (2012)
    Bulgaria
     
    Dobrev et al. (2004)Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Annual ...
    Canada
     
    Robinson et al. (1992)Personal CollectionMauthner CollectionWatson et al. (1996)
    Chile
     
    Camus et al. (1991)samples analysed by Gerhard Mohn and ...samples analysed by Anthony Kampf+1 other reference
    China
     
    Jiuling Zhang (1982)Nanlai Zheng et al. (1986)+2 other referencesLiangkai Gu (1986)Liangkai Gu (1986)Liangkai Gu (1986)Renxian Zheng (1994)+1 other referenceBroili et al. (2010)Diankai Chen and Danshen Zhou (1984)Diankai Chen and Danshen Zhou (1984)Junping Dong (1992)Jiuling Zhang (1982)Zhao et al. (2024)Baisheng Zhang (1998)Jiuling Zhang (1982)Qingrong Zheng et al. (2012)Liyan Zhang and Xihui Yang (1986)+1 other reference
    Egypt
     
    Afify et al. (2022)
    France
     
    Berbain et al. (2005)Berbain et al. (2005)François GARRIC collection - EDX ...Georges FAVREAU collection & EDX ...
    Germany
     
    Weiß (1990)Mücke et al. (1989)Weiß (1990)Wittern (2001)Bender et al. (1994)Blaß et al. (1999)+1 other referenceHenrich (2009)Graf (1991)Wittern (2001)Der Aufschluss Vol.55Gröbner et al. (2011)www.dergraul.de (2001)
    Greece
     
    Kolitsch et al. (2014)LAPIS 24 (7/8)+1 other referenceSchnorrer (1995)+2 other references- (n.d.)NHM Vienna collectionRieck (n.d.)Gröbner (2003)Rieck (n.d.)Steve Rust collectionFritz Schreiber and NHM Wien collections (SXRD-analysis Uwe Kolitsch)+1 other referenceUwe Kolitsch (SXRD-analysed)Schusser et al. (2022)NHM Vienna collection (collected and SEM-EDS-analysed by Uwe Kolitsch)Zwicker et al. (1962)Michailidis et al. (1997)Soulamidis et al. (2024)Fornadel et al. (2011)
    Hungary
     
    Szakáll S.+1 other referenceSándor et al. (2005)
    Indonesia
     
    Nur et al. (2010)+1 other reference
    Iran
     
    USGS database
    Italy
     
    Pipino (1984)Parola et al. (2023)+1 other referenceFiori et al. (1995)Stara et al. (1996)EDX analysis by Italo CampostriniStara et al. (1996)Bortolozzi (n.d.)Lecca et al. (2024)Stara et al. (1996)Exel (1987)Ferretti et al. (2018)Bortolozzi (n.d.)+1 other referenceBazzoni C. et al. (2011)Sabelli C. et al. (1996)Biagioni C. et al. (2016)Biagioni et al. (2013)Gianfranco Ciccolini collection (analysed by SEM-EDS and Raman spectroscopy)Saccardo D. (2002)
    Japan
     
    - (n.d.)Yamada (2004)Yamada (2004)- (n.d.)Nambu & Kitamura (1969)
    Kosovo
     
    Féraud J. (1979)
    Mexico
     
    Megaw (2023)Megaw (2023)Dr. Jeffrey PostRocks & Min.: 56:247.+3 other referencesMoore (2008)Moore (2008)
    Mongolia
     
    Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data 2009
    Namibia
     
    Bezing et al. (2007)[MinRec 8:Tsumeb 22]von Bezing (2007)Jahn (2007)+1 other reference
    North Macedonia
     
    Pavlovic (1948)
    Norway
     
    Raade (1993)+1 other reference
    Peru
     
    Arfè et al. (2017)+2 other referencesMondillo et al. (2014)
    Poland
     
    Kulig (1973)
    Portugal
     
    Alves (n.d.)Alves et al. (2017)Alves (n.d.)
    Romania
     
    minerals-of-the-carpathians.eu (2008)
    Russia
     
    Belogub et al. (2007)Grant et al. (2001)
    Saudi Arabia
     
    Testard et al. (1979, June)
    Serbia
     
    Pavlovic (1948)
    South Africa
     
    Wilson et al. (1978)
    Spain
     
    Georges FAVREAU collection & EDX ...Favreau (n.d.)Calvo (2009)Sainz de Baranda et al. (2009)Menor (2010)Menor (2010)Menor (2010)Joan Rosell. RosellMinerals (2021)Joan Rosell et al. (2022)Gonzalez Del Tanago+3 other referencesCalvo Rebollar (2009)Rewitzer et al. (2018)Calvo (1996)+1 other referenceCalvo (1996)+1 other referenceCalvo (1994)
    Tunisia
     
    Decrée et al. (2008)Dill
    Turkey
     
    TEKER et al. (2006)Kines (1969)
    UK
     
    Cotterell et al. (2003)
    USA
     
    - (2008)Graeme (1981)Graeme (1981)+1 other referenceLuetcke (n.d.)Luetcke (n.d.)Luetcke (n.d.)Patrick E. HaynesAnthony et al. (1995)Luetcke (n.d.)Allen et al. (1988)+1 other referenceWilson (1984)+1 other referenceAnthony et al. (1995)Anthony et al. (1995)Anthony et al. (1995)XRD determination by Dr. Anthony Kampf.Anderson (1977)+2 other referencesDr. HousleyLovering et al. (1950)+1 other referenceEckel et al. (1997)Eckel et al. (1997)Eckel et al. (1997)Shannon et al. (1985)Eckel et al. (1997)Eckel et al. (1997)Eckel et al. (1997)Eckel et al. (1997)AndersonPrinz (1967)+1 other referencePrinz (1967)+1 other referenceGobla (2012)Prinz (1967)+1 other referencePrinz (1967)+1 other referenceCastor et al. (2004)Jensen et al. (1995)Jensen et al. (1995)Castor et al. (2004)Castor et al. (2004)Castor et al. (2004)Collection of Kelly Starnes- (2005)Vikre (1981)Castor et al. (2004)Castor et al. (2004)Sassen (1978)Dunn (1995)Moore G E (1875)+3 other referencesPalache (1935)M Massis collection3rd Annual New Mexico Mineral Symposium (1983)+1 other referenceNorthrop et al. (1996)DeMark (1989)Lueth et al. (2004)Gibbs (1989)Northrop et al. (1996)Patrick Haynes collectionSmith et al. (2000)Kokinos et al. (1993)Patrick Haynes. Some ID'd by Tony KampfKokinos et al. (1993)Kokinos et al. (1993)USGS Professional Paper 614-A+2 other referencesUSGS Prof Paper 1024+1 other referenceDietrich (1990)Dietrich (1990)
    Yemen
     
    Mondillo et al. (2011)+2 other references
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