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Alabandite

A valid IMA mineral species
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From the Spanishalabandina sulfúrea (sulfuric manganese) + the suffix, -ite, from the greek Λίθος (stone). The modern name alabandite come into use gradually. The termalabandine was first used by the French Mineralogist F. S. Beudant in 1832 in hisTraite Elementaire de Mineralogie for a mineral first described earlier from Nagyág (today: Săcărâmb), Romania. The mineral was named asSchwarzerz by the local miners. Beudant derived this name (alabandine) from the Spanishalabandina sulfúrea (sulfuric manganese), a term used by del Rio (1804) for the same substance. del Rio used the termalabandina as a synonym of manganese in his binominal nomenclature (Papp 2004). It is not clear why del Rio used the termalabandicus for manganese, but Papp suggest that it may be related to the usage of both manganese minerals andlapis alabandicus in glass making.
Thelapis alabandicus was a purplish black stone found near Alabanda, Asia Minor (near todays Araphisar, Turkey) mentioned by Pliny the elder (23-79) in hisNaturalis Historia.Lapis alabandicus was known to be fusible and used in making glass. In some textbook it is suggested that thelapis alabandicus may be identical with the modern alabandite, but this is not confirmed.
Type Locality:
ⓘSăcărâmb, Certeju de Sus, Hunedoara County, Romania
Polymorph of:
Browneite,Rambergite
Galena Group.

At ambient pressure, alabandite (α-MnS) is the stable MnS polymorph from room temperature up to the melting point of 1655 °C (Staffansson, 1976; Kang, 2010).


Unique Identifiers

Classification of Alabandite

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
C : Metal Sulfides, M: S = 1: 1 (and similar)
D : With Sn, Pb, Hg, etc.
Dana 8th ed.:
2.8.1.4

2 : SULFIDES
8 : AmXp, with m:p = 1:1
Hey's CIM Ref.:
3.8.12

3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
8 : Sulphides etc. of Cr, Mo, W an Mn

Mineral Symbols
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Iron black, brown, greyish black, green; dull brown (tarnished)
Comment:
Gray-white in polished section; deep green to brown and red in thin slivers.
Streak:
Dark green, brown
Hardness:
3½ - 4 onMohs scale
Hardness:
VHN100=164 - 176 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
on {100}
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
3.95 - 4.04 g/cm3 (Measured)    4.053 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of Alabandite
Common Impurities:
Fe,Mg,Co

Crystallography of Alabandite

Synonyms of Alabandite

Other Language Names for Alabandite

Relationship of Alabandite to other Species
Other Members of Galena Group:
AltaitePbTeIso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fm3m
ClausthalitePbSeIso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fm3m
GalenaPbSIso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fm3m
NiningeriteMgSIso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fm3m
OldhamiteCaSIso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fm3m

Common AssociatesOrth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m) :Pnma2.CD.05TeallitePbSnS2Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m) :Pnma2.CD.05HerzenbergiteSnSOrth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m)2.CD.10 vaQuiroguitePb23Sb6S322.CD.10ClausthalitePbSeIso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fm3m2.CD.10Keilite(Fe2+,Mg)SIso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fm3m2.CD.10NiningeriteMgSIso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fm3m2.CD.10GalenaPbSIso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fm3m2.CD.10AltaitePbTeIso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fm3m2.CD.10OldhamiteCaSIso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fm3m2.CD.15aCinnabarHgSTrig. 32 :P31212.CD.15bHypercinnabarHgSHex.

Other Information
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    • References for AlabanditeⓘIlafegh 009 meteoriteBischoff et al. (1992)+3 other references
    Angola
     
    Campeny et al. (2017)
    Antarctica
     
    Zhang et al. (1993)+1 other referenceLin et al. (1991)Rosenshein et al. (2006)Makoto Kimura & Ahmed El Goresy (1989)FOGEL (1997)Keil et al. (2011)Anzures et al. (2024)
    Argentina
     
    Bunch et al. (1970)Econ Geol (1992)+2 other referencesSinger et al. (2009)Gallard-Esquivel et al. (2018)
    Armenia
     
    Karamyan (1957)+2 other references
    Australia
     
    Ramdohr (1972)Worner et al. (1982)Birch (1999)Singer et al. (2009)Nenke (1972)+1 other referenceCarnegie Museum of Natural History ...Buseck et al. (1972)Buchwald (1975)Watters et al. (1979)
    Austria
     
    Richter et al. (1991)+1 other referenceKolitsch et al. (2021)Kolitsch et al. (2020)
    Azerbaijan
     
    Mason (1966)
    Baltic Sea
     
    Suess (1979)+1 other reference
    Belarus
     
    Levitskiy et al. (2018, July)
    Bolivia
     
    Federico Ahlfeld y Jorge Muñoz Reyes (1955)
    Brazil
     
    Bello+1 other referenceViana+6 other references
    Bulgaria
     
    Marcus Voigt CollectionZagyu+7 other referencesMunkov (1968)+1 other reference[MinRec 22 p.439]Dimitrov (1961)
    Canada
     
    Dawson+2 other referencesPeatfield (n.d.)+1 other referenceThompson (1954)Keil (1968)Reiner Mielke 2014Sabina (2003)+1 other referenceGOLD et al. (1986)GOLD et al. (1986)Horváth et al. (1990)
    Chile
     
    Thompson et al. (2004)
    China
     
    Hunan Metallurgical Geology Research Team 236 (1977)+1 other referenceJiuling Zhang (1982)Teng et al. (2025)Teng et al. (2025)Teng et al. (2025)Dai Shifeng et al. (2007)Qi Zhou et al. (2013)Qi Zhou et al. (2013)Lisheng Luo (1988)Jiangguo Yang et al. (2010) ...+1 other referenceHongzhong Xu et al. (1997)+1 other referenceJunzhen Huang (2008)Qi Zhou et al. (2013)Qi Zhou et al. (2013)Qi Zhou et al. (2013)Qi Zhou et al. (2013)Qi Zhou et al. (2013)Qi Zhou et al. (2013)Varentsov (1996)Qiying Wei and Kan Tu (1987)Jiuling Zhang (1982)Hunan Metallurgical Geology Research Team 236 (1977)+2 other referencesJinyan Yao and Mingchao Wu (1984)Jingwen Mao et al. (1994)Qi Zhou et al. (2013)Hunan Metallurgical Geology Research Team 236 (1977)+3 other referencesBaisheng Zhang (1998)Hunan Metallurgical Geology Research Team 236 (1977)+1 other referenceJiuling Zhang (1982)Zhao et al. (2003)Zhao et al. (2003)Zhao et al. (2003)Xue-Hui Xia et al. (1999)Chen et al. (2020)Liu et al. (2024)Hein et al. (1999)Jiuling Zhang (1982)Jiuling Zhang (1982)Wenji Bai et al. (2007)Zuoheng Zhang et al. (2007)Yongbao et al. (2018)+1 other referenceJiuling Zhang (1982)Liangming Fan et al. (1983)Bente et al. (1993)
    Czech Republic
     
    Prachař+6 other referencesZak (1956)
    Ecuador
     
    an NI 43-101 Technical Report prepared ...+1 other reference
    Estonia
     
    Mason (1966)+1 other reference
    Finland
     
    Geological Survey of Finland 2008. ...Loukola-Ruskeeniemi et al. (1996)+3 other referencesPeltonen et al. (2008)Rubin+1 other referenceMancini et al. (2000)
    France
     
    Thomas R. Watters & Marty Prinz (1979)+1 other referenceDe Ascenção Guedes et al. (2002)Ragu (1994)+2 other referencesAnthony et al. (1990)Lacroix (1900)
    Germany
     
    Russell et al. (2003)+2 other references- (2010)+2 other referencesFrenzel (1874)Witzke (1999)
    Ghana
     
    Bowell et al. (1990)Mücke et al. (1999)
    Greece
     
    Petrascheck (1977)Rieck (n.d.)Kanellopoulos et al. (2024)Soulamidis et al. (2024)
    Greenland
     
    Kracher et al. (1977)
    India
     
    Fogel (2005)F. Wall (1993)Bull. Soc. Franç. Minéralo. ...+1 other reference
    Israel
     
    Ma et al. (2023)
    Italy
     
    Balestra (2016)415.+2 other referencesRedazione (2005)Castellaro et al. (2023)Castellaro et al. (2011)Boni et al. (1976)+1 other referenceBiagioni et al. (2025)
    Japan
     
    Mayumi Yoshinaga (1963)+2 other referencesFukuoka (1981)Fukuoka (1981)Sadanaga et al. (1974)Fukuoka (1981)Fukuoka (1981)Donald E. Lee (1955)+1 other referenceLee (1955)Yoshikawa+1 other referenceFukuoka (1981)Am Min 66:638+3 other referencesFUKUOKA et al. (1977)+1 other referenceFukuoka (1981)Fukuoka (1981)- (n.d.)+2 other referencesFUKUOKA et al. (1977)+1 other referenceFukuoka (1981)FUKUOKA et al. (1977)+2 other referencesFukuoka (1981)Fukuoka (1981)島倉広至 et al. (2015)Tomohiro Morishita (2011)Introduction to Japanese Minerals (Geological Survey of Japan, 1970)Fukuoka (1981)Symposium sobre Yacimientos de Manganeso+2 other referencesFukuoka (1981)Suzaki et al. (1969)+1 other referenceFukuoka (1981)Fukuoka (1981)Fukuoka (1981)- (n.d.)Fukuoka (1981)Katsu Kaneko (1956)+1 other reference- (n.d.)- (n.d.)Fukuoka (1981)- (n.d.)+1 other reference- (n.d.)Fukuoka (1981)Petrov (n.d.)Am Min 85:242-250Fukuoka (1981)+1 other referenceNarita (1963)Fukuoka (1981)+1 other referenceFukuoka (1981)Katsu Kaneko (1956)+1 other referenceYoshinaga (1959)+1 other referenceKaul et al. (2005)+1 other referenceK. Nishikubo et al. (2005)Fukuoka (1981)Symposium sobre yacimientos de manganeso et al. (1956)+2 other referencesFukuoka (1981)Fukuoka (1981)Fukuoka (1981)加藤昭 (1980)+1 other referenceFukuoka (1981)Akira Kato (undated manuscript)+2 other referencesFukuoka (1981)Fukuoka (1981)Fukuoka (1981)Fukuoka (1981)Fukuoka (1981)Fukuoka (1981)Fukuoka (1981)- (n.d.)Fukuoka (1981)Fukuoka (1981)- (n.d.)Mayumi Yoshinaga (1963)+1 other referenceLee (1955)+2 other referencesFumitoshi HIROWATARI (1961)+2 other references- (n.d.)+1 other referenceLee (1955)H. Momoi (1964)H. Momoi (1964)H. Momoi (1964)Fukuoka (1981)- (n.d.)
    Kazakhstan
     
    - (1993)
    Kyrgyzstan
     
    L.A. Pautov data
    Madagascar
     
    Di Cecco (2013)Di Cecco (2013)
    Mexico
     
    Panczner (1987)Panczner (1987)Bunch et al. (1970)+1 other referencePanczner (1987)Dana 7:I:208+1 other referencePanczner (1987)Vanrusselt (2023)
    Morocco
     
    A. J. Irving et al. (2010)
    Namibia
     
    von Bezing (2007)
    New Zealand
     
    Read et al. (1971)+1 other referenceMorgan
    Nigeria
     
    Watters et al. (1979)Okoli et al. (2023)
    Northwest Africa Meteorites
     
    Bunch et al. (2008)
    Norway
     
    Jamtveit et al. (1997)Nilsen (1978)
    Pacific Ocean
     
    Tuomo Törmänen (2005)
    Pakistan
     
    Mason (1966)Mason (1966)Keil et al. (1965)
    Peru
     
    Gomi (2009)Hyrsl et al. (2003)+1 other referenceLavinsky (n.d.)Imai et al. (1985)+1 other referenceOlivo et al. (2003)Econ Geol (1984)- (n.d.)Singer et al. (2008)Crowley et al. (1997)Crowley et al. (1997)Oudin et al. (1982)+3 other referencesCrowley et al. (1997)
    Poland
     
    Chmielewski et al. (2016)The Meteoritical Bulletin et al. (August, 2000)
    Romania
     
    Tamas+5 other referencesCiobanu et al. (2016)Hârtopanu et al. (1996)Afifi et al. (1988)Clark (1993)+5 other references- (n.d.)HÎRTOPANU et al. (2025)Hîrtopanu (1997)+1 other reference
    Russia
     
    Brusnitsyn (2006)Vladimirskaya (1974)Sharygin et al. (2010)Zaslavskaya et al. (1991, March)Kulikov et al. (1989)[Der Aufschluss 1995:4 p163-180]+3 other referencesSazonov et al. (2020)+1 other referenceSokol et al. (2019)+1 other referenceAm Min 66:638-639+3 other referencesThomas R. Watters & Martin Prinz (1979)Gribov (1972)Barkov et al. (2000)+1 other referenceOlga Yakovleva et al. (2009)Brusnitsyn et al. (2019)Старикова (2011)Grant et al. (2001)Kokin+4 other referencesSharygin et al. (2014)American Mineralogist+6 other referencesBrusnitsyn (2000)Brusnitsyn A.I. (2000)Brusnitsyn A.I. (2000)Sharygin et al. (2010, September)Sharygin (2016)+1 other reference
    Saudi Arabia
     
    C. F. Blain (1978)
    Slovakia
     
    Koděra (1986)RojkovičováHurai et al. (2011)Ferenc Š. et al. (Štiavnické vrchy, Slovenská republika)Háber et al. (SGR)Pauliš et al. (2002)Myšľan et al. (2025)Koděra (1986)Pauliš et al. (2002)Radvanec M. and Gonda S. (2020)+1 other reference
    South Africa
     
    Mason (1966)D. Pienaar. (2014)Holwell et al. (2006)+1 other referenceSchouwstra+6 other referencesKeil (1968)
    South Korea
     
    Econ Geol (1984)Imai et al. (1982)So+2 other references
    Spain
     
    Coello et al. (92)+9 other referencesCasillas et al. (2011)Dill et al. (2023)Dill et al. (2023)
    Sudan
     
    Theo Ntaflos (1988)Michael Zolensky et al. (2010)
    Sweden
     
    Grensman et al. (2001)+1 other referenceTiu (2019)+1 other referenceZakrzewski et al. (1982)+1 other referenceNysten (2003)Öhman (2003)
    Switzerland
     
    Stalder et al. (1998)
    Taiwan
     
    Tajikistan
     
    Faiziev+2 other references
    Tanzania
     
    Mattsson+8 other referencesMason (1966)+1 other referenceJohn A. Jaszczak+4 other referencesAnon (2015)Feneyrol et al. (2012)
    Uganda
     
    Ramdohr (1972)
    UK
     
    Golley et al. (1995)Golley et al. (1995)
    Ukraine
     
    in: Jambor et al. (1920)+1 other reference
    USA
     
    Anthony et al. (1995)- (1973)Wilson (1930)+3 other referencesAnthony et al. (1995)Anthony et al. (1995)Hewett et al. (1930)+2 other referencesHewett et al. (1960)+1 other referenceDana 7:I:208.+7 other referencesAnthony et al. (1995)Ramdohr (1972)Mason et al. (1967)Dr. Raymond Grant collection--Collected ...253-254+6 other referencesHewett et al. (1930)+1 other referenceAnthony et al. (1995)Murdoch et al. (1966)Rogers (1924)+5 other referencesEckel et al. (1997)Eckel et al. (1997)- (2005)Eckel et al. (1997)Eckel et al. (1997)Eckel et al. (1997)Robinson et al. (1984)Eckel et al. (1997)Eckel et al. (1997)Eckel et al. (1997)- (2005)Burbank (1933)+1 other reference- (2005)Dana 6: 65+1 other referenceAm Min 67:132-136+3 other referencesIrving et al. (2010)C. W. Neal & M. E. Lipschutz (1981)Mason (1966)+1 other referencePlante (1992)- (2005)- (2005)Dana 7:208Guilbert and Zeihen+1 other referenceJenkins et al. (2002)undefinedOlsen et al. (1988)+1 other referenceKleinhampl et al. (1984)- (2005)- (2005)Kleinhampl et al. (1984)- (2005)- (2005)- (1976)+1 other referenceFrondel (1972)Northrop et al. (1996)+1 other referenceHarley (1934)NMGS 37th Field Conference+1 other referenceNorthrop et al. (1996)+1 other referenceNorthrop et al. (1996)- (2005)Rocks & Min.: 60:130-135.- (2005)USGS MRDS DatabaseRamdohr (1972)- (2005)Thomas R. Watters & Marty Prinz (1979)Ramdohr (1972)Bunch et al. (1970)+1 other referenceSmith (1991)Smith (1991)+1 other referenceSmith (1991)Tracy et al. (2003)Cannon (1975)Meteoritics
    Uzbekistan
     
    Yusupov et al. (2009)
    Western Sahara
     
    Patzer et al. (2001)
    Yemen
     
    Meteoritical Society Meeting 447-448 (1994)+1 other reference
    Zimbabwe
     
    Nikischer (2023)
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