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Bismutite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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A common secondary Bismuth carbonate. Platy forms are visually indistinguishable from the Ca-Bi carbonatesBeyerite andKettnerite.


Unique Identifiers

IMA Formula:
Bi2O2(CO3)

Classification of Bismutite

5 : CARBONATES (NITRATES)
B : Carbonates with additional anions, without H2O
E : With Pb, Bi

Dana 8th ed.:
16a.3.5.1

16a : ANHYDROUS CARBONATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
3 : (AB)2(XO3)Zq
Hey's CIM Ref.:
11.10.1

11 : Carbonates
10 : Carbonates of Bi

Mineral Symbols
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Comment:
Lustre grades to pearly in coarse, fibrous, and scaly material.
Colour:
Yellow to brown, greenish, green-grey, grey or black; colourless or tinted in shades of faint yellow, green, etc. in transmitted light.
Streak:
Grey
Hardness:
2½ - 3½ onMohs scale
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
On {001} (observed only in microscopic grains).
Density:
6.7 - 7.4 g/cm3 (Measured)    8.15 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of Bismutite
Surface Relief:
Moderate

Chemistry of Bismutite

Crystallography of Bismutite

Synonyms of Bismutite

Other Language Names for Bismutite

Varieties of Bismutite

Common AssociatesHex. 6mm :P63mc5.BE.05ShannonitePb2O(CO3)Orth. 222 :P2121215.BE.10HydrocerussitePb3(CO3)2(OH)2Trig.3m(32/m) :R3m5.BE.15PlumbonacritePb5O(OH)2(CO3)3Trig.3m(32/m) :P3c15.BE.20PhosgenitePb2CO3Cl2Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) :P4/mbm5.BE.30KettneriteCaBiCO3OFOrth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m) :Pmmn5.BE.35BeyeriteCa(BiO)2(CO3)2Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m) :Immm5.BE.40GrootfonteinitePb3O(CO3)2Hex. 6mm :P63mc5.BE.45SomersetitePb8O2(OH)2(CO3)5Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) :P63/mmc

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    • References for BismutiteⓘEl Portezuelo GraniteColombo et al. (2011)Mutti et al. (2007)Sureda et al. (2010)Colombo et al. (2006)Alfredo Petrov collection (obtained from Argentine field collector)Bardelli et al. (2018)De Brodtkorb (2009)GALLISKI (1983)+1 other referenceMarquez-Zavalia et al. (2012)Lapis 8 (4)Bedlivy et al. (1972)Collection of Juan Carlos LodovichiOyarzábal et al. (2016)Ribacki et al. (2023)Ribacki et al. (2023)Roquet et al. (2011)+2 other references
    Armenia
     
    Kovalenker et al. (2006)Moritz et al. (2016)Singer et al. (2008)Singer et al. (2008)
    Australia
     
    Gilligan et al. (1993)McKinnon et al. (2005)Henley et al. (2001)Henley et al. (2001)Rankin et al. (2002)+2 other referencesHenley et al. (2001)Clissold (2007)Henley et al. (2001)Sharpe et al. (2004)Clissold (2007)Palache et al. (1951)Gilligan et al. (1995)Leverett et al. (2005)Leverett et al. (2003)Dieter Mylius collectionAustralian Museum specimen+1 other referenceRyan (1961)Ryan (1961)Ryan (1961)Ryan (1961)- (2023)+1 other referenceWarne et al. (1991)- (2023)+1 other referenceIvanac (1954)+1 other reference- (2023)- (2023)+1 other referenceCostas Constantinides collectionBrooks et al. (1960)Lawrence et al (1998)Wheeler (2017)E. Stevens & R. BottrillR BottrillNoble R.J et al. (1983)SARIG Mine Record SheetsBrown (1899)S.A. Museum collectionNoble R.J et al. (1983)NobleNoble et al. (1983)Pring et al. (2000)Jennings (1979)www.crocoite.com (2002)Bottrill et al. (2008)Bottrill et al. (2008)Museum Victoria collectionsBirch et al. (2007)Henry et al. (2022)Grguric et al. (2009)Bridge et al. (1974)Hodge (1970)Simpson (1948)The Simpson Mineral Collection of the ...Jacobson et al. (2007)+2 other referencesSimpson (1948)Grguric et al. (2006)Grguric et al. (2006)Simpson (1948)The Sun newspaper (Kalgoorlie)+1 other referenceSimpson (1928)Simpson (1928)+1 other referenceSimpson (1948)Jacobson et al. (2007)+2 other referencesHesperian Press+3 other referencesJacobson et al. (2007)+2 other referencesJacobson et al. (2007)Calderwood+2 other referencesJacobson et al. (2007)+2 other referencesJacobson et al. (2007)+2 other referencesJacobson et al. (2007)+2 other referencesJacobson et al. (2007)
    Austria
     
    Paar et al. (1998)Blaß et al. (1999)Walter et al. (2018)Kolitsch (2014)Löffler et al. (2018)Niedermayr (2006)Paar et al. (1993)Putz (2004)Lapis 25 (12)Niedermayr (1997)Niedermayr (2008)Thalhammer et al. (1989)C.Auer (2024)Postl (1990)+1 other referenceAuer (2019)Leitner (2015)
    Bolivia
     
    - (2005)Federico Ahlfeld y Jorge Muñoz Reyes (1955)Petrov (n.d.)Kempff et al. (La Paz, 2009)Federico Ahlfeld and Alejandro Schneider-Scherbina (1964)Salomon Rivas y Federico Ahlfeld (1998)Wilson (2001)Salomon Rivas y Federico Ahlfeld (1998)Smith et al. (2001)+1 other referenceSalomon Rivas y Federico Ahlfeld (1998)USGS Bulletin # 1975GEOBOL
    Brazil
     
    Nikischer (2023)Pires et al. (2020)Anthony (1997)Palache et al. (1951)+1 other referenceHunger et al. (2021)Murdoch (1955)e Souza et al. (2020)Färber et al. (2011)Fernando Brederodes Collection
    Bulgaria
     
    Сродек et al. (2019)
    Burundi
     
    Lehmann et al. (1992)+1 other reference
    Canada
     
    Badham (1975)Ercit et al. (2003)MDI Number: MDI31C14SE00151MacMillan (2014)Hugh S. Spence (1930)+1 other referenceReiner Mielke 2013Reiner Mielke 2016MDI Number: MDI41P08NW00008by Ann P. Sabina 1974+1 other referenceM et al. (1971)Traill (1970)Yukon Minfile Assessment File 93723
    Chile
     
    - (n.d.)+1 other reference- (n.d.)+1 other reference
    China
     
    YangHuan Hu et al. (2001)Zhifu Sun et al. (1994)Jiajing Zhang et al. (2008)Boling Pan et al. (1989)Chunlian Xiao (2008)Lin Niu (1994)Shiwei Liu et al. (1998)Xu et al. (2022)Gonggao Song (1987)Zhao et al. (2022)Jensen (2009)Econ Geol (1994)Yingchen Ren et al. (1986)Shaofeng Wang (1991)Peng et al. (2025)Gengyan Chen (1990)+1 other referenceShangquan Wu (1986)Yanping Cai et al. (2011)Ming-Song et al. (2021)Guibing Dan et al. (2007)Fleischer et al. (1979)+1 other referenceChunhong Wang et al. (2006)Xiaoxu et al. (2023)Guangming Li et al. (2006)Jianxun Bai (1987)Pinlong Du (1984)Denghong Wang et al. (2003)Mineralog. Zhurnal (1983)Chen et al. (1992)Bugao Xue (2003)Daxian Zhao and Guangting Tang (1991)
    Czech Republic
     
    Lapis 2000 (4)ČernýJournal of Geosciences 54:15-56+2 other referencesMalýVogl (1857)+2 other referencesLapis 2002 (7/8)- (2015)Sejkora et al. (1994)Sejkora et al. (2006)geological prospectingKlomínskýFengl+3 other referencesBradnaKruťa T. et al. (1968)Procházka (1969)Sejkora et al. (2019)Roman Gramblička collectionMALÍKOVÁ R et al. (2020)P.FuchsJ.SejkoraSejkora (1998)SlavíčekSejkora (1998)Sejkora (1998)Sejkora (1994)Pauliš et al. (2022)
    DR Congo
     
    Van Wambeke (1975)
    Ethiopia
     
    Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
    Europe
     
    Paulis et al. (2003)
    Finland
     
    Ilkka Mikkola collectionIlkka Mikkola dataGeological Survey of Finland 2008 ...Finder Joel Dyer
    France
     
    G. Aubert : "Les coupoles granitiques de Montebras et d'Echassières (Massif Central Français)Belot (1978)Devismes (1978)Lheur et al. (2011)confirmed by Nicolas Meisser (Lausanne, Switzerland)Thorne (n.d.)Thierry Brunsperger.Wittern et al. (1997)Escande et al. (1973)+6 other referencesEscande et al. (1973)+6 other referencesPalache et al. (1951)Ansermet et al. (2010)Queneau P. (2001)+1 other referenceForner et al. (1997)Lheur (2023)Leconte J. et al. (2016)Favreau et al. (2010)Ref: Boisson J.M.Patrice Queneau Collection and ...Dubru. M (1986)Queneau (n.d.)Boisson J.M.Chollet Pascal collection
    Germany
     
    Walenta (1992)Walenta (1992)www.mineralienatlas.de (2021)[Wittern (1995)Wendel et al. (1998)+1 other referenceSchrenk (2000)Walenta (1992)Walenta (1991)Walenta (1989)Walenta (1989)Weiß (1990)American Mineralogist+1 other referenceInformation from Carsten Slotta.Aufschluss 1981 (5)Markl (1992)Walenta (1992)Hanneberg et al. (2009)+1 other referenceWalenta (1992)Gröbner (2003)Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data of ...Aufschluss 1986 (11)Erzgräber 1987 (2)Wittern (2001)Walenta (1991)+1 other referenceWalenta (1994)+1 other referenceWittern (2001)Weiß (1990)Walenta (1992)PETITJEAN collectionBelendorff (2021)Habel (2001)+1 other reference ...Schmitt (1993)Lorenz et al. (2007)F. Müller: "Bayerns steinreiche Ecke" et al. (Hof)Weiß (1990)Wittern (2001)F. Müller: "Bayerns steinreiche Ecke" et al. (Hof)Wittern (2001)Weiß (1990)Wittern (2001)PETITJEAN collectionKrause et al. (1993)+1 other referenceCollection of Steffen MichalskiCollection of Steffen MichalskiCollection of Steffen MichalskiLapis 2002 (2)Lapis 25 (2)Collection of Steffen MichalskiCollection of Steffen MichalskiBelendorff et al. (1987)Collection of Steffen MichalskiBelendorff (2021)Belendorff (2021)Klaus Petitjean collectionSáez et al. (2011)Gröbner et al. (2011)Schnorrer (1995)+1 other referenceWeiß (1990)Rolf Golze+3 other referencesJohannes Markus Henrich+2 other referencesWittern (2001)+1 other referenceHenrich (2009)Weiß (1990)+1 other referenceSchnorrer et al. (2000)Wittern (2001)H.P. Schroeder CollectionWittern (2001)Wittern (2001)Breithaupt (1841)M Adelt collectionKing (n.d.)Wittern (2001)Wittern (2001)Breithaupt (1841)Schnorrer (1995)+1 other referenceWittern (2001)Witzke (1993)+1 other referenceKleeberg et al. (1992)www.dergraul.de (2001)Palache et al. (1951)+1 other referenceMassanek et al. (2005)Massanek et al. (2005)Massanek et al. (2005)Jambor et al. (1999)+1 other referenceWittern (2001)Palache et al. (1951)Massanek et al. (2005)Massanek et al. (2005)Massanek et al. (2005)Palache et al. (1951)+1 other referenceMassanek et al. (2005)Massanek et al. (2005)Schlegel et al. (1996)Massanek et al. (2005)Massanek et al. (2005)Gröbner J.+1 other referenceSchlegel (2002)+1 other referenceMassanek et al. (2005)Witzke et al. (2007)Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data 2018Tröger (2006)+1 other referenceGröbner (2003)Gröbner et al. (2007)+1 other referenceBreithaupt (1841)
    Greece
     
    Schnorrer (1995)+1 other referenceSolomos et al. (2004)Rieck et al. (2018)Gröbner et al. (2002)Lapis et al. (1999)Triantafyllidis (2019)Fitros et al. (2017)
    Hungary
     
    Geoda
    India
     
    Rao (1972)Amer Min (1969)
    Iran
     
    Samiee et al. (2022)
    Italy
     
    Piccoli et al. (2007)Rivista Mineralogica ItalianaCarmagnola et al. (2019)Marchesini et al. (2025)+1 other reference- (n.d.)Ghizzoni et al. (2005)Ghizzoni et al. (2005)Ghizzoni et al. (2005)Ghizzoni et al. (2005)Ghizzoni et al. (2005)Ghizzoni et al. (2005)Bedognè F. et al. (1995)Ambrino et al. (2009)Ambrino et al. (2009)Piccoli et al. (2007)Campostrini (2001)U. Kolitsch PXRD (10/07)+1 other referenceCiriotti et al. (2019)Ciriotti et al. (2019)Guastoni et al. (2006)Guastoni et al. (2006)Collected by Frank de Wit (1989-2000)+2 other referencesRiboni et al. (2025)Piccoli et al. (2007)Mauro Savia et al. (2024)Cuchet et al. (2016)+1 other referenceCuchet et al. (2016)Eugenio Cadoni collection.+1 other referenceBillows (1941)Stara et al. (1996)Moroni et al. (2019)Stara et al. (1996)Caboni et al. (2018)- (n.d.)Conedera M. et al. (2016)Ferretti et al. (2018)Erica Bittarello+3 other referencesDe Michele (1974)G. Marinelli (Isola d'Elba)+1 other referenceBiagioni et al. (2008)• Biagioni et al. (2008)
    Japan
     
    Uehara et al. (2013)- (2002)浜地忠男 (1961)Hori MineralogySadanaga et al. (1974)SHIROSE et al. (2011)+1 other reference
    Kazakhstan
     
    Baibatsha et al. (2015)+1 other referencePavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)Baibatsha et al. (2015)geo.web.ru (2007)Baibatsha et al. (2015)+1 other reference
    Madagascar
     
    Arliguie Michel photo and collection ...+1 other referenceBehier (1963)Behier (1963)Behier (1963)Knut Edvard Larsen collection # M-268Behier (1963)Behier (1963)Besaire (1966)Arliguie Michel collection and photo (Photo ID: 882110)Behier (1963)Behier (1963)Behier (1963)Behier (1963)Behier (1963)Behier (1960)Behier (1963)Behier (1963)Larsen (2003)Knut Edvard Larsen collection # MM-2189Larsen (2003)Knut Edvard Larsen collection (#M-673)Knut Edvard Larsen collection # MM-5549Besaire (1966)Ranorosoa (1986)Behier (1960)Knut Edvard Larsen collection # MM-2042Behier (1963)Behier (1957)+1 other referenceMichel Arliguie specimenPalache et al. (1951)+1 other reference
    Mexico
     
    Palache et al. (1951)+1 other referencePanczner (1987)Panczner (1987)Panczner (1987)Panczner (1987)Panczner (1987)Lapis 2001 (1)
    Mongolia
     
    Shen et al. (2025)Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
    Morocco
     
    Ilmen et al. (2015)
    Mozambique
     
    Correia Neves et al. (1971)Wilson et al. (2000)MnhnL collectionAires Barros (1966)Wilson et al. (2000)Wilson et al. (2000)Gomes et al. (2022)Wilson et al. (2000)Wilson et al. (2000)Aires Barros (1966)+1 other referenceWilson et al. (2000)Neiva et al. (2005)Aires Barros (1966)Moiana (2010)Moiana (2010)Moiana (2010)Schappmann (2005)Schappmann (2005)
    Namibia
     
    Desor (10/2023)Keller et al. (1989)Bezing et al. (2007)Niedermayr (2001)+1 other referenceSchnaitmann et al. (2010)von Bezing (2007)Baldwin (1994)
    Norway
     
    Neumann (1985)Frigstad (1968)+1 other referencePedersen (2007)Neumann (1985)Neumann (1985)Neumann (1985)Peter Andresen collectionNilsen (1993)Nilsen (1993)Neumann (1985)Peter Andresen collectionPedersen (1976)Husdal (2020)Husdal (2008)Husdal (2019)Kristiansen et al. (1972)+2 other referencesHusdal (2019)Ellingsen et al. (2000)Kristiansen (2014)Kristiansen (2008)Dons (1961)+1 other referenceAtle Michalsen photo & specimen- (2008)
    Papua New Guinea
     
    Espi et al. (2005)
    Peru
     
    Palache et al. (1951)Alfonso et al. (2023)
    Poland
     
    Szełęg E. et al. (Dolnośląskie Surowce Skalne S.A.)+1 other referenceSZUSZKIEWICZ et al. (2013)Parafiniuk J. (2003)Kozłowski et al. (2016)Pieczka A.+2 other referencesWiewióra A.Madziarz (2006)Muszer et al. (2006)+1 other reference
    Portugal
     
    Pedro Alves collection and/or ...Alves (n.d.)Alves (n.d.)LNEG Museu de Jazigos Minerais ...Alves (n.d.)Alves (n.d.)
    Romania
     
    Stefan Nicolescu (1996)
    Russia
     
    webmineral.ru (2020)Kasatkin et al. (2025)Potseluev et al. (2006)D’yachkov et al. (2022)Cherkasova et al. (2015)Vakh et al. (2016)Izvekova et al. (2021)Damdinova et al. (2021)Kasatkin et al. (2022)Kasatkin et al. (2025)Seltmann et al. (2010)Seltmann et al. (2010)Seltmann et al. (2010)E. Kaigorodova analytical dataSeltmann et al. (2010)Seltmann et al. (2010)Dicken et al. (2016)P.M. Kartashov and V.V. Strekopytov dataPalyanova et al. (2025)Goryachev (2001)Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)Voloshin A.V. et al. (1986)Kalinin (2021)Svetlitskaya+2 other referencesGrant et al. (2001)Grebennikova et al. (2023)Kazachenko et al. (2021)V.A. Gorelov (1997)Ivashchenko et al. (2011, September)Ivashchenko et al. (2011, September)Ivashchenko et al. (2011, September)Ivashchenko et al. (2008)Seltmann et al. (2010)Kondratieva et al. (2023)Bortnikov et al. (2011)So et al. (1995)Palache et al. (1951)Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data (2012)Yarosh et al. (1955)Koroteev et al. (2017)Kuzhuget et al. (2020)Kuzhuget et al. (2022)Kuzhuget et al. (2022)Kuzhuget et al. (2023)Tauson et al. (2017)Kovalev et al. (2019)- (1998)Kasatkin et al. (2020)Fialova et al. (2013)Pekov (1998)+2 other referencesEremin et al. (2023)Eremin et al. (2014)Efremov et al. (2021)А M Spiridonov (2014)Seltmann et al. (2010)+2 other referencesKrivitskaya et al. (2008)Lyubimtseva et al. (2021)
    Rwanda
     
    Daltry et al. (1998)
    Slovakia
     
    Hoppanová et al. (2024)Martin Števko-unpublishedŠtevko M. et al. (Slovenská republika)Kodě+1 other referenceŠtevko M. et al. (2012)Števko M. (2022)NHM Collection (2010)
    South Africa
     
    Cairncross et al. (1995)Cairncross et al. (1995)Cairncross et al. (1995)Cairncross et al. (1995)Palache et al. (1951)+1 other referenceSöhnge (1950)Cairncross et al. (1995)
    Spain
     
    José Miguel SolaMINDAT Sierra de Baza (Mineralogist Group of Granada)Calvo (2015)Calvo (2009)Calvo (2003)Schnorrer (2000)Mata Perelló (1991)M. Ruiz Montes+1 other referenceGarcia G. et al. (2004)Ref: Jiménez R. et al. (2004)Angel Ortiz Maellas specimemRuiz Garcia (1976)Sainz de Baranda Graf et al. (2023)Calvo (2003)Sainz de Baranda Graf et al. (2023)
    Sweden
     
    Torstensson (2002)Aksel Osterlof specimen+1 other referenceÖhman et al. (2004)
    Switzerland
     
    Schweizer StrahlerRoth (2007)Cuchet et al. (2003)+1 other referenceCuchet et al. (2017)van der Burgt et al. (2005)De Wit (1997)Stalder et al. (1998)Stalder et al. (1998)Cuchet et al. (2005)Cuchet et al. (2014)Meisser (2012)Stalder et al. (1998)+1 other referenceStalder et al. (1998)+1 other reference
    Tajikistan
     
    Badalov et al. (1975)Yatimov et al. (2022)Badalov et al. (1975)Badalov et al. (1975)Badalov et al. (1975)Turlychkin et al. (1972)Lur'ye et al. (1971)
    Thailand
     
    Patrice Queneau Collection visual identification.Confirmed. Analyzed by Nicolas Meisser (Naturéum)
    UK
     
    Rust (1995)Weiß et al. (2017)Clark et al. (1986)Hogg (1825)+1 other referenceHogg (1825)+3 other referencesRust (1998)Collection Richard De NulRust (1995)Reid et al. (1907)Collection Elmar Lackner and well known ...Le Neve Foster (1879)+1 other referenceHenwood (1843)+1 other referenceStanley et al. (1991)BMS Collection+1 other referenceGoodchild (1882)+4 other referencesRender (n.d.)Steve Rust Collection & NHM CollectionMoles et al. (2012)Moles et al. (2012)Tindle (2008)Braithwaite et al. (1990)R. S. W. Braithwaite and J. R. Knight (1990)+1 other reference
    USA
     
    Dean (1995)- (2008)Graeme (1993)Graeme (1993)+1 other referenceAnthony et al. (1995)Anthony et al. (1995)Anthony et al. (1995)Anthony et al. (1995)Williams (1981)Anthony et al. (1995)HANSON et al. (2007)Galbraith (1959)MRDS database Dep. ID file #10096063Frondel (1943)+2 other referencesMRDS database Dep. ID #10056479MRDS database Dep. ID #10027881Jahns (1952)+1 other referenceJahns (1952)MRDS database Dep. ID #10027573Jahns (1952)+2 other referencesMurdoch (1966)Murdoch (1966)Walstrom (n.d.)Murdoch (1966)Larsen (1921)+1 other referenceStolburg (1984)Margerum (2004)Margerum (2004)Dunning+2 other referencesWebb (1935)+2 other referencesAdams (2010)Hanks (1884)+1 other referenceMurdoch (1966)Kampf et al. (2018)MarekC pers. coll. 2017-2018Murdoch (1966)Dunning et al. (1998)Dunning et al. (2005)Tucker (1921)+2 other referencesTucker (1921)+3 other referencesCollected by and in the collection of ...Collected by and in the collection of ...Palache et al. (1951)Mauthner (2024)Jahns et al. (1951)+3 other referencesMauthner (2024)illus.+4 other referencesMorton et al. (2019)Foord et al. (1989)+1 other referenceRogers (1910)Eckel et al. (1997)Meeves et al. (1966)- (2005)Heinrich (1948)+2 other referencesEckel et al. (1997)Hanley et al. (1950)+1 other reference- (2005)Eckel et al. (1997)- (2005)Pearl (1958)Pearl (1958)AMERICAN MINERALOGIST 50:96-104+1 other referenceEckel et al. (1997)Hanley et al. (1950)+1 other referenceEckel et al. (1997)- (2005)Eckel et al. (1997)- (2005)Dana 6:1090.Eckel et al. (1997)Am Min 35:173-184Hanley et al. (1950)+1 other referenceHanley et al. (1950)+1 other referenceLovering et al. (1950)+1 other referencemicroprobe ID by Bart CannonPalache et al. (1951)Januzzi et al. (1976)King (n.d.)Januzzi et al. (1976)+1 other referenceJanuzzi et al. 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