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Bastnäsite-(Ce)

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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For the type locality at the Bastnäs mines, Riddarhyttan, Skinnskatteberg, Västmanland, Sweden, plus the "-(Ce)" suffix due to the dominance of cerium in the composition.
Type Locality:
ⓘBastnäs Mines, Riddarhyttan, Skinnskatteberg, Västmanland County, Sweden
Cerium analogue ofBastnäsite-(La) andBastnäsite-(Y).
Fluorine analogue ofHydroxylbastnäsite-(Ce).
Bastnäsite-(Ce)-Hydroxylbastnäsite-(Ce) Series.

The most common member of the bastnäsite group.
May be intergrown withsynchysite-(Ce) (syntactic intergrowths).

Bastnäsites form a polysomatic series withsynchysites.

CompareUM1998-04-CO:CaCeF,UM1998-05-CO:CaCeF,UM1998-06-CO:CaCeF,UM1998-07-CO:CaCeF,UM1998-08-CO:CaCeF, andUM1998-09-CO:CaCeF.


Unique Identifiers

Classification of Bastnäsite-(Ce)

5 : CARBONATES (NITRATES)
B : Carbonates with additional anions, without H2O
D : With rare earth elements (REE)
Dana 8th ed.:
16a.1.1.1

16a : ANHYDROUS CARBONATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
1 : (AB)(XO3)Zq
Hey's CIM Ref.:
12.1.8

12 : Carbonates with other anions
1 : Carbonates with halides

Mineral Symbols
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Comment:
Pearly on basal partings
Colour:
Yellow, reddish-brown; colourless to light yellow in transmitted light
Hardness:
4 - 4½ onMohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Poor/Indistinct
On {1010}.
Parting:
On {0001} distinct to perfect of secondary origin).
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
4.9 - 5.2 g/cm3 (Measured)    5.12 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of Bastnäsite-(Ce)
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
Faintly pleochroic with absorption E is greater than O.

Chemistry of Bastnäsite-(Ce)

Chemical Analysis
Epitaxy Comments:
Bastnäsite forms oriented overgrowths and alteration pseudomorphs after fluocerite. Crystal axes of both species oriented in parallel position.

X-Ray Powder DiffractionMachni, near Warsak Dam, Zagi Mountain, NW Frontier Province, Pakistan 1679
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
4.90 Å(35)
3.56 Å(71)
2.88 Å(100)
2.06 Å(50)
2.01 Å(35)
1.892 Å(50)
1.675 Å(24)

Geological Environment
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Swedish Museum of Natural History 23:0476
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Narrow bands in a contact metamorphic amphibole skarn.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Allanite-(Ce)Cerite-(CeCa)Fluocerite

Synonyms of Bastnäsite-(Ce)

Other Language Names for Bastnäsite-(Ce)

Relationship of Bastnäsite-(Ce) to other Species
Other Members of Bastnäsite:
Bastnäsite-(La)La(CO3)FHex.6m2 :P62c
Bastnäsite-(Nd)Nd(CO3)FHex.6m2 :P62c
Bastnäsite-(Y)Y(CO3)FHex.6m2 :P62c
Forms a series with:
Hydroxylbastnäsite-(Ce)Bastnäsite-(Ce)-Hydroxylbastnäsite-(Ce) Series

Common AssociatesHex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) :P63/mmc5.BD.05Cordylite-(Ce)NaBaCe2(CO3)4FHex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) :P63/mmc5.BD.05Unnamed (Cordylite-like Calcium-Barium-Cerium Carbonate-Fluoride)Ca◻Ba2Ce4[CO3]8F25.BD.05Lukechangite-(Ce)Na3Ce2(CO3)4FHex. 6mm :P63mc5.BD.10Zhonghuacerite-(Ce)Ba2Ce(CO3)3FTrig.5.BD.10Kukharenkoite-(Ce)Ba2Ce(CO3)3FMon. 2/m :P21/m5.BD.10Kukharenkoite-(La)Ba2(La,Ce,Th)(CO3)3FMon. 2/m :P21/m5.BD.15Cebaite-(Ce)Ba3Ce2(CO3)5F2Mon. 2/m :B2/m5.BD.15Cebaite-(Nd)Ba3(Nd,Ce)2(CO3)5F2Mon.5.BD.18Arisite-(Ce)NaCe2(CO3)2[F2x(CO3)1-x]FHex.6m2 :P6m25.BD.18Arisite-(La)NaLa2(CO3)2[F2x(CO3)1-x]FHex.6m2 :P6m25.BD.20cSynchysite-(Ce)CaCe(CO3)2FMon. 2/m :B2/b5.BD.20cSynchysite-(Nd)CaNd(CO3)2FOrth.5.BD.20cSynchysite-(Y)CaY(CO3)2FMon. 2/m :B2/b5.BD.20bParisite-(Ce)CaCe2(CO3)3F2Mon.m :Bb5.BD.20aBastnäsite-(La)La(CO3)FHex.6m2 :P62c5.BD.20bParisite-(Nd)Ca(Nd,Ce,La)2(CO3)3F2Mon.m :Bb5.BD.20aBastnäsite-(Y)Y(CO3)FHex.6m2 :P62c5.BD.20bParisite-(La)CaLa2(CO3)3F2Mon.5.BD.20dRöntgenite-(Ce)Ca2(Ce,La)3(CO3)5F3Trig. 3 :R35.BD.20aThorbastnäsiteThCa(CO3)2F2 · 3H2OHex.6m2 :P62c5.BD.20aHydroxylbastnäsite-(Ce)Ce(CO3)(OH)Hex.6 :P65.BD.20aHydroxylbastnäsite-(Nd)Nd(CO3)(OH)Hex.6m2 :P62c5.BD.20cHydroxylsynchysite-(Ce)Ca(Ce,La)(CO3)2(OH)5.BD.20cSynchysite-(La)Ca(La,Nd)(CO3)2F5.BD.20aBastnäsite-(Nd)Nd(CO3)FHex.6m2 :P62c5.BD.20aHydroxylbastnäsite-(La)(La,Nd,Ce)(CO3)(OH,F)Hex.6 :P65.BD.25Qaqarssukite-(Ce)Ba(Ce,REE)(CO3)2FTrig. 3 :P35.BD.25Horváthite-(Y)NaY(CO3)F2Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m) :Pmmn5.BD.35Huanghoite-(Ce)BaCe(CO3)2FTrig.3m(32/m) :R3m5.BD.35Huanghoite-(Nd) BaNd(CO3)2FTrig. 3m :R3m5.BD.45Bayanoboite-(Y)Ba2Y(CO3)2F3Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m) :Pbcn

Other Information
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    • References for Bastnäsite-(Ce)ⓘKhanneshin complexAsadzadeh et al. (2025)Tucker et al. (2012)Brandstätter et al. (2000)
    Angola
     
    Gonçalves+1 other referenceZHENG et al. (2014)
    Argentina
     
    Colombo et al. (2011)Urbina NildaLira et al. (Ed. E.O. Zappettini)
    Australia
     
    Munro-Smith (2006)Birch et al. (1997)Munro-Smith (2006)Haupt (2003)Ludwig et al. (1984)Roberts et al. (1984)+4 other referencesCiobanu et al. (2017)R BotttrillR BotttrillBottrill et al. (2021)Bottrill et al. (2020)Ogilvie (2014)Bermanec V et al. (2014)
    Austria
     
    Walter et al. (2015)EDS-analysed by Dr. F. Bernhard+2 other referencesKolitsch et al. (2018)Steiner&Melcher (2020)Auer (2020)NIEDERMAYR et al. (2001)+1 other referenceHorninger (1936)+1 other referenceKolitsch (2013)
    Belarus
     
    E.P. Shpanov et al. (1989)
    Belgium
     
    Van Der Meersche (2005)+2 other references
    Bolivia
     
    Schultz et al. (2004)
    Botswana
     
    Melgarejo et al. (2011)
    Brazil
     
    Borges et al. (2022)Waber (1991)Jordens et al. (2014)Hunger et al. (2021)de Barros Gomes et al. (2017)
    Canada
     
    Dalsin (2013)+1 other referencePeatfield (n.d.)+1 other referenceDucharme (2020)GSC locality databaseFeng et al. (2015)Sheard et al. (2012)Pinckston et al. (1995)+3 other referencesFeng et al. (2015)Pe-Piper+1 other referenceScott Ercit pers. comm.Canadian Mineralogist 45Mounce et al. (2020)Mitchell (1991)Platt & Wooley (1990)Matte et al. (2025)Horváth collection - XRD & EDSGrice (1989)+1 other referenceHorváth et al. (1998)Horváth et al. (1998)+1 other referenceMitchell et al. (2017)+1 other referenceMitchell et al. (2017)Petrella (2013)Currie (1976)+1 other referenceFOURNIER (1993)Miller (1990)+6 other references
    Cape Verde
     
    China
     
    Martin et al. (2004)+3 other referencesSu et al. (2)+3 other referencesZhang Peishan et al. (1996)Ruidong Yang et al. (2006)Zhongxin Yuan et al. (2007)Qu et al. (2019)Li (1982)+7 other referencesDiao et al. (2022)Liu et al. (2022)+2 other referencesSmith et al. (2000)+2 other referencesSmith et al. (2000)Yang et al. (2003)Wu et al. (2021)+1 other referenceGong et al. (2023)+1 other referenceRucheng Wang et al. (2003)Shi et al. (2024)Yunhuai Lin and Shiyang Chen (1985)Zhiwei Bao and Zhenhua Zhao (2008)Wu et al. (2023)Huang et al. (1984)+1 other referenceWu et al. (1996)Bai et al. (1985)Yang et al. (2006)Yuanfu Xiao et al. (2010)Ge et al. (2017)Yang et al. (2000)+3 other referencesLiu et al. (2024)Rubo Zhang et al. (2003)Jingwu Yin et al. (2013)Yaomin Yang et al. (2004)+2 other referencesBai et al. (1985)+3 other referencesWang et al. (2024)Xue et al. (2022)Qiu et al. (2004)+1 other reference
    Czech Republic
     
    které zajímavé nálezy nerostů+4 other referencesNovák et al. (2013)+1 other referenceMatýsek D. (2013)Breiter
    Egypt
     
    Mahmoud et al. (2018)
    • Red Sea Governorate
    Abdel Gawad et al. (2025)Mahdy et al. (2025)
    Finland
     
    • Kainuu
      • Kajaani
    Marmo et al. (1966)
    • Kymenlaakso
      • Kotka
    Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data. ...Lahti Seppo I. 2011. Kotkan ...
    • Lapland
      • Enontekiö
    Al-Ani et al. (2013)
      • Savukoski
        • Tulppio
          • Sokli carbonatite complex
    Al-Ani et al. (2009)+2 other referencesAni et al. (2013)
    • North Karelia
    Hytönen (1999)
    • North Ostrobothnia
      • Kuusamo
    Al-Ani et al. (2018)
      • Pudasjärvi
    tupa.gtk.fi (2016)
      • Pyhäntä
    Al Ani Thair and Torppa Akseli 2011. ...
    • Pirkanmaa
      • Valkeakoski
    Pavel M. Kartashov analythical data (2014)
    • Satakunta
      • Eurajoki
    Al-Ani
    • South Savo
      • Puumala
    Pohjalainen
    • Southwest Finland
      • Pargas
        • Iniö
    Lahti et al. (1988)
    France
     
    • Occitanie
      • Ariège
        • Foix
          • Luzenac
    Piret et al. (1990)
    • Réunion
      • Cilaos
    JV COUREAU collection - Georges FAVREAU ...
    Germany
     
    • Baden-Württemberg
      • Freiburg Region
        • Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald
          • Vogtsburg im Kaiserstuhl
            • Schelingen
        • Lörrach
          • Todtnau
    Walenta (1996)Walenta (1992)
        • Ortenaukreis
          • Gengenbach
            • Gengenbach
    [Wittern (1995)
          • Haslach im Kinzigtal
            • Steinach
    Walenta (1989)+1 other reference
          • Oberwolfach
    Kolitsch et al. (1997)
      • Karlsruhe Region
        • Freudenstadt
          • Bad Rippoldsau-Schapbach
    Walenta (1992)
    • Bavaria
      • Lower Franconia
        • Aschaffenburg District
          • Haibach
            • Dörrmorsbach
    Wittern (2001)+1 other reference
    • Hesse
      • Darmstadt
        • Bergstraße
          • Abtsteinach
            • Mackenheim
    Belendorff (2004)
    • Lower Saxony
      • Göttingen District
        • Harz (Landkreis Göttingen)
    Schnorrer (1995)+1 other reference
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Bad Kreuznach
        • Nahe-Glan
          • Odernheim am Glan
    Hensel (2021)
    • Saxony
      • Erzgebirgskreis
        • Annaberg-Buchholz
          • Kleinrückerswalde
    Möhn et al. (10/2020)
      • Görlitz District
        • Königshain
    Witzke et al. (2013)
      • Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge
        • Altenberg
    Jahn (1999)
    Greece
     
    • Attica
      • East Attica
        • Lavreotiki
          • Agios Konstantinos (Kamariza)
            • Kamariza Mines (Kamareza Mines)
    Rieck et al. (2018)
    Greenland
     
    • Sermersooq
      • Kangerlussuaq Fjord
    Distribution and mineralogy of rare earth element–Zr–Nb–Ta mineralisation within pegmatite sheets at Citadellet et al. (Trans. Inst. Min. Metall. B)
    Hungary
     
    • Baranya County
    Nagy et al. (2003)
      • Siklós District
        • Nagyharsány
    Sándor et al. (2005)
    • Tolna County
      • Mórágy
    HOM Collection
    India
     
    • Andhra Pradesh
      • Nellore District
    Färber (n.d.)
    • Rajasthan
      • Jodhpur Division
        • Barmer District
    Bhushan (2015)+1 other reference
    Italy
     
    • Aosta Valley
      • Courmayeur
    Piccoli et al. (2007)
    • Lazio
      • Metropolitan City of Rome Capital
        • Campagnano di Roma
    Stoppa et al. (2019)
      • Viterbo Province
    Della Ventura
    • Liguria
      • Genoa
    Pagano et al. (2001)
      • Savona Province
        • Magliolo
    Balestra et al. (2011)
    • Lombardy
      • Varese Province
        • Cuasso al Monte
          • Cavagnano
    Domenico Preite+1 other reference
    • Piedmont
      • Cuneo Province
        • Bagnolo Piemonte
    Bruno Marello et al. (2023)
        • Valdieri
          • San Lorenzo
    Parola et al. (2023)+1 other reference
      • Metropolitan City of Turin
        • Prali
    Piccoli et al. (2007)
      • Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province
        • Beura-Cardezza
    Carlo Maria Gramaccioli collection - ...
        • Formazza
          • Vallone del Vannino
    Mattioli (1985)
        • Montecrestese
          • Cravariola Valley (Cravairola Valley; Cravairola Alp)
    Cuchet et al. (2022)
        • Varzo
    Cuchet et al. (2016)Cuchet et al. (2016)Cuchet et al. (2016)Cuchet et al. (2016)Cuchet et al. (2016)+1 other referenceCuchet et al. (2016)
    • Sardinia
      • Metropolitan City of Cagliari
        • Sarroch
    Fernando Caboni et al. (2023)+1 other reference
      • South Sardinia Province
        • Fluminimaggiore
    Stara et al. (1996)
        • Gonnosfanadiga
          • Fenugu Sibiri Mine
    Brizzi et al. (1994)
    • Trentino-Alto Adige (Trentino-South Tyrol)
      • South Tyrol
        • Wipptal (Alta Vall'Isarco)
          • Pfitsch (Val di Vizze)
            • Sankt Jakob (San Giacomo)
              • Vizze Pass (Pfitsch Pass; Pfitscher Joch)
    Folie et al. (2010)
      • Trento Province
        • Predazzo
    Vecchi et al. (2013)
        • Roncegno Terme
    Bortolozzi et al. (2013)+1 other reference
    Japan
     
    • Ehime Prefecture
      • Imabari City
    皆川鉄雄 et al. (2001)
    • Kagawa Prefecture
      • Shodoshima (Shodo Island)
    European J. Mineralogy 20 (2008)
    • Kochi Prefecture
      • Tosashimizu City
    Imaoka et al. (1994)
    • Kyoto Prefecture
      • Kyōtango City
    The Mineral Species of Japan (5th ed)
    Kazakhstan
     
    • Aktobe Region
      • Yrgyz District
    Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data (2012)
    • East Kazakhstan Region
      • Tarbagatai Range
    Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
    • Karaganda Region
      • Karkaraly
    Kyrgyzstan
     
    • Talas Region
      • Ak-Tyuz ore Field
    Madagascar
     
    • Amoron'i Mania
      • Ambatofinandrahana District
        • Itremo
    Andriamampihantona (1992)
      • Manandriana District
        • Andakatany
    Falster (2003)
    • Diana
      • Ambanja District
        • Antsirabe
    Estrade (2014)Estrade et al. (2014)
          • Betaimboay
            • Unnamed caldera
    Wolfgang Hampel (2011)
    Malawi
     
    • Southern Region
      • Phalombe
    Ngwenya (1994)
      • Zomba
    Guastoni et al. (2007)+2 other referencesDowman et al. (2017)
    Malaysia
     
    • Johor
      • Mersing District
    Ibad et al. (2024)
    Mauritania
     
    • Trarza Region
    Livrable 87+1 other reference
    Mongolia
     
    • Dornogovi Province
      • Khatanbulag District
    Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
    • Khovd Province
      • Myangad District
    G.M. Tsareva data+3 other referencesPark et al. (2021)
          • Mount Ulyn Khuren
    Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data 2021Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
    • Khövsgöl Province
      • Alag-Erdene District
    Anatoly Nikiforov analytical data
    • Ömnögovi Province
      • Khanbogd District
    N.V. Vladykin data
      • Mandal-Ovoo District
        • Shara Hulasa Hiid
    Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)+3 other references
    Morocco
     
    • Dakhla-Oued Ed-Dahab Region
      • Oued Ed-Dahab Province
        • Ouled Dlim Massif (Adrar Souttouf)
    Benaouda et al. (2020)+1 other reference
    Namibia
     
    • Erongo Region
      • Dâures Constituency
        • Spitzkoppe Area
    Cairncross (2005)Niedermayr (2010)
    • Khomas Region
      • Windhoek Rural
        • Aris
    Uwe Kolitsch (powder X-ray diffraction + SEM-EDS)+6 other references
    • Kunene Region
      • Khorixas
    Bodeving (2015)
    • Otjozondjupa Region
      • Otavi Constituency
        • Kombat
    Dunn (1991)
    Nigeria
     
    • Nasarawa
      • Nasarawa
    Styles et al. (1983)
    North Korea
     
    • Kangwon Province
      • Pyonggang County
    Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
    Norway
     
    • Agder
      • Evje og Hornnes
    Frigstad (1968)
      • Iveland
        • Birkeland
    Neumann et al. (1963)Frigstad (1968)+1 other reference
        • Frikstad
    Revheim (2004)Hansen (2001)
        • Kåbuland
    Neumann et al. (1963)
      • Lindesnes
        • Vigeland
    Sverdrup et al. (1959)
    • Akershus
      • Asker
    Stensrud (2004)
      • Lunner
    Raade et al. (1982)Ronald Werner pers. commentary oct. 2005
        • Øståsen
    Kvamsdal (1993)
      • Nittedal
    Kvamsdal (1998)
    • Nordland
      • Hamarøy
    Raade (1993)
          • Eivollen
    Husdal et al. (2017)
          • Lapplægeret
    Sverdrup et al. (1959)Husdal (2008)D. Harries collectionHusdal (2023)
        • Finnøya
    Husdal (2008)Husdal (2008)
      • Narvik
    Sverdrup (1968)+1 other referenceLarsen (1990)+2 other references
      • Sørfold
    Ellingsen et al. (1995)+1 other referenceRaade (1972)
    • Svalbard
      • Spitsbergen
        • Hornsund
    Pršek et al. (2010)
    • Telemark
      • Drangedal
        • Tørdal
    Raade et al. (1993)
      • Kviteseid
    Larsen et al. (2020)
      • Porsgrunn
        • Auenlandet
          • Sagåsen
    Engvoldsen et al. (1991)Larsen et al. (2005)
        • Langangen
    Larsen et al. (1976)
        • Risøya
    Berge (n.d.)Engvoldsen et al. (1991)
    • Vestfold
      • Færder
        • Brøtsø
    Berge (n.d.)
        • Færder Islands
    Andersen (2017)
      • Holmestrand
        • Sande
    Hermann Fylling
      • Larvik Commune
        • Barkevik area
    Knut Edvard Larsen photo & observation ...Knut Edvard Larsen observation in field sept 2013 ( see photo id -531881)
        • Brunlanes
    Berge (n.d.)Berge (n.d.)
        • Hedrum
          • Lågendalen
    Peter Andresen collection & observation ...Berge (n.d.)Andersen (1993)
        • Lille Arøya
    Brøgger (1890, January)+3 other references
        • Malerød
    Berge (n.d.)Knut Edvard Larsen collection # 7387Berge (1993)+1 other reference
        • Stavern (Fredriksvärn)
          • Fredriksvern Verft
            • Rykkinholmen
    Knut Edvard Larsen collection # 1880Knut Edvard Larsen observation in field ...
          • Fuglevika
    Engvoldsen et al. (1991)
          • Jahren pegmatite
    Andresen et al. (2018)Berge (n.d.)
          • Rakke
    Larsen (2017)Knut Edvard Larsen observation in field ...+1 other reference
        • Tjølling
          • Håkestad
    Engvoldsen et al. (1991)
          • Klåstad
    Knut Edvard Larsen collection # MM-2002Engvoldsen et al. (1991)Larsen et al. (2015)
          • Ula
    Pers.com Knut Edv. Larsen 2008+1 other reference
        • Tvedalen
    Engvoldsen et al. (1991)+1 other referenceBerge (n.d.)Engvoldsen et al. (1991)Engvoldsen et al. (1991)Engvoldsen et al. (1991)Larsen et al. (2010)Larsen et al. (2010)Engvoldsen et al. (1991)Nordrum (2007)+1 other referenceBerge (n.d.)Berge (n.d.)Knut Edvard Larsen observation and ...+1 other referenceBerge (n.d.)+1 other reference
        • Vesle Arøya
    Engvoldsen et al. (1991)+1 other reference
      • Sandefjord
        • Bugården
    Segalstad et al. (1978)
        • Fokserød
    Berge et al. (2002)Engvoldsen et al. (1991)
        • Haneholmveien
    Larsen et al. (2012)Berge et al. (1975)+2 other references
        • Hystad
    Knut Edvard Larsen collection (MM-4307)Engvoldsen et al. (1991)
        • Lahellefjorden
    Berge et al. (1980)
        • Mefjorden
    Knut Edvard Larsen observation in field ...
        • Østerøya
    Berge (n.d.)Knut Edvard Larsen collection and ...Berge et al. (2002)Knut Edvard Larsen collection and ...Berge (n.d.)
          • Søndre Sunde
    Knut Edvard Larsen observation in field ...Berge (n.d.)+1 other referenceKnut Edvard Larsen collection # 235
          • Yxney
    Knut Edvard Larsen observation in field ...Berge (n.d.)
        • Råstad
    Berge et al. (2002)
        • Tønsbergfjorden
    Berge et al. (2002)
        • Vesterøya
          • Auve
    Knut Edvard Larsen observation on ...Berge et al. (2011)Larsen et al. (2013)Nordrum (2005)Larsen (2023)Engvoldsen et al. (1991)+1 other referenceKnut Edvard Larsen collection (MM-889)Berge et al. (1980)Knut Edvard Larsen collection (MM-263,MM-1559)Engvoldsen et al. (1991)Knut Edvard Larsen observation in field ...Knut Edvard Larsen collection (MM-805)Knut Edvard Larsen (2023)Berge et al. (1976)+1 other referenceRaade et al. (1980)
    • Vestland
      • Luster
        • Berdalen
          • Hurrungane
    Berget (2006)
    Pakistan
     
    • Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province
      • Peshawar District
        • Hameed Abad Kafoor Dheri
    www.mindat.org (n.d.)+1 other reference
    Poland
     
    • Lower Silesian Voivodeship
      • Jelenia Góra
    Cegiełka et al. (2018)
      • Lwówek Śląski County
        • Gmina Mirsk
    MAŁEK et al. (2021)Mineralogia Polonica Vol. 29 (2)
      • Świdnica County
    Körber et al. (2005)Janeczek J. et al. (Ce)
    • Silesian Voivodeship
      • Myszków County
        • Gmina Żarki
    Naglik et al. (2021)
    Portugal
     
    • Azores
      • São Miguel
    Samples collected by Luigi Chiappino ...+1 other reference
        • Vila Franca do Campo
    Alves (n.d.)
    Romania
     
    • Harghita County
    Pál Molnár (2000)+1 other referenceSzakáll et al. (2010)
      • Gheorgheni
    Szakáll et al. (2010)
    Russia
     
    • Buryatia
      • Ivolginsky District
    Bulnaev et al. (2007)+1 other reference
      • Kizhinginsky District
        • Ermakovskoe Be Deposit
          • Zunshibir' valley
    Mironov A.G. and Gofman A.F (1979)
      • Mama River Basin
        • Maigunda River
    Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)+1 other reference
      • Ulan-Ude
    Ripp et al. (2019)
    • Chelyabinsk Oblast
      • Ilmen Mountains
    Чередниченко et al. (2014)
      • Kyshtym
    Kasatkin et al. (2020)Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
        • Buldym Lake
    Попова et al. (2019)
        • Dolgaya Mt.
    Kasatkin et al. (2019)+1 other referencewebmineral.ru (2016)
    • Irkutsk Oblast
      • Beloziminskoe
    Попова et al. (2019)Savel'eva V.B. Karmanov N.S. (2008)+1 other reference
      • Vitim Plateau
        • Biraya and Bya Rivers confluence area (Chara Basin)
          • Biraya Fe-REE ore occurrence
    Mills et al. (2012)
    • Khabarovsk Krai
      • Ayano-Maysky district
        • Konder alkaline-ultrabasic massif
    - (2016)+1 other reference
      • Verkhnebureinsky District
        • Verkhnii Mel'gin River
          • Turana Range
            • Chekunda Town
    I.I. Kupriyanova Mineralogy of ...
    • Komi Republic
      • Timan Range
        • Chetlasskiy Kamen'
    И.И. et al. (2023)
    • Krasnoyarsk Krai
      • Boguchansky District
        • Chadobets alkaline complex
    Prokopyev+4 other references
      • Kuragin District
    Kolotilina et al. (2024)
    • Murmansk Oblast
    ...Zaitsev et al. (1998)+1 other reference ...
      • Lovozersky District
        • Keivy Mountains
          • Western Keivy Massif
    Voloshin A.V. et al. (1986)+1 other reference
            • Sakharyok alkaline massif
    Kasatkin (2019)Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
            • West Keivy Block
    Knut Edvard Larsen collection # MM-5097+1 other referenceMacdonald et al. (2022)Kalashnikov et al. (2016)
        • Suoluai River Valley
          • Kuamdespakhk Mt
    Semenov E.I. (1972)
      • Northern Karelia
        • Vuoriyarvi alkaline-ultrabasic massif
    Kozlov+10 other references
    • Republic of Karelia
      • Prionezhsky District
        • Zaonezhskoe kimberlite field
    Putintseva et al. (2017)[World of Stones 12:49]Belovitskaya et al. (2004)Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
    • Tuva
    Doroshkevich et al. (2016)
      • Sangilen Upland
    Kapustin Yu.L. (1989)
      • Todzhinsky District
    Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
    • Zabaykalsky Krai
      • Kalarsky District
    Victor V. Sharygin analytycal data (2012)
    Slovakia
     
    • Banská Bystrica Region
      • Rimavská Sobota District
        • Tisovec
    Ondrejka M. et al. (Western Carpathians, Slovakia)
    • Košice Region
      • Rožňava District
        • Gemerská Poloma
    Števko M. et al. (2020)
      • Spišská Nová Ves District
        • Hnilčík
    Uher P. et al. (2010)
    South Africa
     
    • Limpopo
      • Mopani District Municipality
        • Ba-Phalaborwa Local Municipality
          • Phalaborwa
    Giebel et al. (2017)
      • Sekhukhune District Municipality
        • Elias Motsoaledi Local Municipality
          • Groblersdal
    Atanasova et al. (2016)
      • Waterberg District Municipality
        • Mogalakwena Local Municipality
          • Mokopane
            • Zaaiplaats tin field
    Coetzee (1976)+1 other referenceCairncross et al. (1995)
    • North West
      • Bojanala Platinum District Municipality
        • Madibeng Local Municipality
          • Brits
    Robert O. Meyer collection+3 other references
        • Moses Kotane Local Municipality
    VERWOERD (1986)Cairncross et al. (1995)
    South Korea
     
    • North Chungcheong Province
      • Chungju City
        • Joongwon-gun
          • Mt. Eorae
    Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
    Spain
     
    • Canary Islands
      • Las Palmas Province
    Ковальчук et al. (2014)+1 other referenceDill et al. (2023)
      • Santa Cruz de Tenerife Province
        • Tenerife
    Dill et al. (2023)Dill et al. (2023)
    • Community of Madrid
      • La Cabrera
    Tánago et al. (2012)
    • Galicia
      • Pontevedra
        • Porriño
    Calvo et al. (2009)
    Sweden
     
    • Örebro County
      • Nora
        • Järnboås
    Gatedal (n.d.)
        • Rödberg Mines
    Andersson et al. (2024)Holtstam et al. (2007)+1 other reference
      • Örebro
    Jonsson+3 other references
    • Stockholm County
      • Vaxholm
        • Resarö
    • Västmanland County
      • Norberg
        • Getback ore field
    Andersson et al. (2024)
        • Häste ore field
    Andersson et al. (2024)Holtstam et al. (2007)+1 other referenceHoltstam et al. (2017)+1 other referenceAndersson et al. (2024)
        • Röberg ore field
    Mikael Janssons private collection+2 other references
        • Smörberg ore field
    Holtstam et al. (2007)+1 other reference
      • Skinnskatteberg
        • Riddarhyttan
    Hisinger (1838)+2 other referencesAndersson et al. (2024)Holtstam et al. (2017)+1 other referenceAndersson et al. (2024)Andersson et al. (2024)Andersson et al. (2024)Andersson et al. (2024)Andersson et al. (2024)Andersson et al. (2024)Andersson et al. (2024)
    Switzerland
     
    • Bern
      • Interlaken-Oberhasli
        • Guttannen
          • Oberaar power station
    Stalder et al. (1998)
    • Valais
      • Östlich Raron
        • Grengiols
          • Chummibort
    Cuchet et al. (2014)Cuchet et al. (2014)
      • Westlich Raron
        • Niedergesteln
    Stalder et al. (1998)
    Tajikistan
     
    • Districts of Republican Subordination
    Leonid A. Pautov data
    UK
     
    • England
      • Cumbria
        • Eden
          • Shap Rural
    Ukraine
     
    • Donetsk Oblast
      • Volnovakha Raion
        • Chlebodarovsk
    Sharygin et al. (2014)Pekov I.V. et al. (Priazovie)+2 other references
        • Mazurovskoe Zr deposit
    Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
    • Zhytomyr Oblast
      • Korosten Raion
    Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
      • Zhytomyr Raion
    Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)+1 other reference
    USA
     
    • Arizona
      • Mohave County
        • Cerbat Mountains
          • Wallapai Mining District
    Hanson et al. (2011)
    • Arkansas
      • Hot Spring County
    www.koeln.netsurf.de (2001)Art Smith (unpublished manuscript)
      • Pulaski County
        • Little Rock
    • California
      • San Bernardino County
        • Clark Mts (Clark Mountain Range)
          • Mountain Pass District
            • Mountain Pass
    Anonymous (1950)+9 other referencesClark (1993)
    • Colorado
      • Boulder County
        • Jamestown Mining District
    Eckel et al. (1997)
          • Jamestown
    Goddard et al. (1940)
      • El Paso County
        • Cheyenne Mining District (St. Peters Dome Mining District)
    Eckel et al. (1997)Eckel et al. (1997)
        • Mount Rosa
    Eckel et al. (1997)Eckel et al. (1997)Müller et al. (2011)
      • Fremont County
        • Iron Mountain complex
    Eckel et al. (1997)Eckel et al. (1997)
      • Gunnison County
        • White Earth Mining District (Powderhorn Mining District)
    Eckel et al. (1997)
      • Park County
    Jim HallEckel et al. (1997)
      • Teller County
    Rocks & Minerals: 63: 457.
    • Connecticut
      • Middlesex County
        • East Hampton (Chatham)
          • Airline Railroad
    Schooner (1958)+2 other references
    • Idaho
    Rocks & Min. 70:246+3 other references
    • Michigan
      • Dickinson County
        • Randville
    Buchholz et al. (2014)
      • Marquette County
        • Marquette
    Heinrich et al. (2004)
        • Republic
    Heinrich et al. (2004)
      • Ontonagon County
        • White Pine
    Heinrich et al. (2004)
    • Montana
      • Big Horn County
    Anita Moore-Nall and David R. Lageson (2015)Anita Moore-Nall and David R. Lageson (2015)
      • Hill County
    www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffensChakhmouradian et al. (1999)
      • Meagher County
    Mitchell (2000)
    • Nevada
      • Clark County
        • New York Mountains
    Castor et al. (2004)
    • New Hampshire
      • Carroll County
        • Albany
          • Blue Mountain
    Rocks & Min. July-Aug 2005+1 other referenceRocks&Min. 67:158-168Rocks and Minerals (1990)
        • Ossipee
    Herndon (2018)
      • Grafton County
        • Bethlehem
    Rocks & Minerals Vol.65 No.4+2 other references
    • New Mexico
      • Lincoln County
        • Red Cloud District
          • Gallinas Mountains
    King (n.d.)
    • Pennsylvania
      • Lehigh County
        • Allentown
    R. C. Smith
    • Rhode Island
      • Washington County
        • Westerly
    Am. Min. 41 pp76-81
    • Texas
      • Hudspeth County
        • Sierra Blanca Peaks
    Piccione et al. (2019)
    • Washington
      • Okanogan County
        • Golden Horn Batholith
    Rocks and Minerals+1 other reference
    • Wisconsin
      • Marathon County
        • Wausau Intrusive Complex
          • Nine Mile pluton
    Buchholz et al. (2007)Buchholz et al. (2019)Buchholz et al. (2017)
      • Waupaca County
    Rocks & Minerals 79:6 pp409-411
    • Wyoming
      • Albany County
    ...
    Vietnam
     
    • Lai Châu Province
      • Phong Tho District
        • Mt Fansipan
    Feldman l.G. et al. (1987)
    Zambia
     
    • Muchinga Province
      • Isoka District
        • Isoka
    Zambezi et al. (1997)
    The Moon
     
    • Mare Crisium
    Mokhov A.V.
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