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Zirconolite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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Photos of Zirconolite (119)
Zirconolite GallerySearch Photos of Zirconolite
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A complex zirconium titanium oxide with three polytypoids known (2M, 3O, 3T).

Gieré et al. (1998) identified five hypothetical end-members, CaZrTi2O7, CaZrMe5+Me3+O7, ACTZrTiMe2+O7, REEZrTiMe3+O7 and REEZrMe5+Me2+O7.
The last one has been observed as a 53% percentage of REEZrNb(Mn,Fe)O7 in a sample from the Eifel volcanic region (Della Ventura et al., 2000).

Related tolaachite. Also compareUM2000-79-O:CaFeMnNbREEThTiZr.

Originally described as a new mineral given the name polymignite by Berzelius (1824) from a syenite pegmatite atFredriksvärn (now: Stavern), Vestfold, Norway. The specimens were collected by Nils Otto Tank (1800-1864) around 1823-1824, when he was a student of mineralogy. Polymignite at Stavern is metamict. Brögger (1890) described in detail the morphology and the chemical and physical properties. Lima-de-Faria (1958) found that recrystallization at 700℃ of the type material gave a cubic phase (with fluorite structure). Pudovkinaet al. (1969) calculated, based on the axial ratios (0.712:1:0.512) given by Brögger (1890) and the cell unit volume, that polymignite is orthorhombic. Later shown to be identical with zirconolite described in 1956, and subsequently discredited in 1988. In spite of its priority and wide use in the literature, polymignite is now considered a metamict, originally orthorhombic variety of zirconolite.

Haifleret al. (2021) investigated three samples of metamict "Polymignite" from different syenite pegmatites near Stavern and found that the chemical composition corresponded to the zirconolite-related mineralsstefanweissite andnöggerathite-(Ce).


Unique Identifiers

IMA status notes:
Redefined by the IMA
IMA Formula:
(Ca,Y)Zr(Ti,Mg,Al)2O7
First published:
1956
Approval history:
Redefined 1989 s.p.: Bayliss et al. (1989).
Type description reference:
Borodin, L.S., Nazarenko, I.I., Richter, T.L. (1956) [The new mineral zirconolite - a complex oxide of the AB3O7 type].Доклады Академии Наук СССР (Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR) [Proceedings of the USSR Academy of Sciences], 110. 845-848

Classification of Zirconolite
Dana 8th ed.:
8.2.5.5

8 : MULTIPLE OXIDES CONTAINING NIOBIUM,TANTALUM OR TITANIUM
2 : A2B2O6(O,OH,F)

Hey's CIM Ref.:
7.10.5

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
10 : Oxides of Zr and Th

Mineral Symbols
Transparency:
Translucent, Opaque
Colour:
Black to brown, red
Streak:
Dark brown, brownish yellow
Hardness:
5½ onMohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Imperfect/Fair
{100}, {010} in traces
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven, Conchoidal
Density:
4.38 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of Zirconolite

Crystallography of Zirconolite
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
A.E. Fersman Mineralogical Museum, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 59249–59251, vis6008, vis6012, vis6018.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
ApatiteBaddeleyiteCalciteClinohumitePerovskite
PhlogopitePyrochlore GroupPyrrhotiteRichteriteTitanite
Reference:
Borodin, L.S., Nazarenko, I.I., Richter, T.L. (1956) [The new mineral zirconolite - a complex oxide of the AB3O7 type].Доклады Академии Наук СССР (Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR) [Proceedings of the USSR Academy of Sciences], 110. 845-848

Other Language Names for Zirconolite

Varieties of Zirconolite

Common AssociatesIso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m4.DH.Roméite GroupA2(Sb5+)2O6Z4.DH.OxyplumboroméitePb2Sb2O6OIso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m4.DH.Fluornatropyrochlore(Na,Pb,Ca,REE,U)2Nb2O6FIso.m3m(4/m32/m)4.DH.Hydroxykenomicrolite(◻,Na,Sb3+)2Ta2O6(OH,Cs)Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m4.DH.Fluornatroroméite(Na,Ca)2Sb2(O,OH)6F4.DH.Oxyyttrobetafite-(Y)Y2Ti2O6OIso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m4.DH.05Thorutite(Th,U,Ca)Ti2(O,OH)6Mon.4.DH.05OrthobranneriteU4+U6+Ti4O12(OH)2Orth.4.DH.05BranneriteUTi2O6Mon. 2/m :B2/m4.DH.10KassiteCaTi2O4(OH)2Mon. 2/m :P21/b4.DH.10Lucasite-(Ce)CeTi2(O,OH)6Mon.4.DH.15Fluorhydropyrochlore4.DH.15Hydrokenoelsmoreite◻2W2O6(H2O)Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m4.DH.15Hydroxynatromicrolite(Na,Bi3+,◻)2Ta2O6(OH)Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m4.DH.15Hydroplumboelsmoreite(Pb,◻)(W,Fe3+)2O6 · H2OIso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m4.DH.15Hydropyrochlore(H2O,◻)2Nb2(O,OH)6(H2O)Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m4.DH.15Unnamed (Sb-analogue of Hydroxymanganopyrochlor)(Mn,Ca,Y)2(Sb,Ti)2O6(OH)4.DH.15Hydroxynatropyrochlore(Na,Ca,Ce)2Nb2O6(OH)Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m4.DH.15Hydrokenopyrochlore(◻,x)2Nb2O6(H2O,Cs)Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m4.DH.15Oxybismutomicrolite(Bi1.33◻0.67)Σ2Ta2O6OIso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m4.DH.15 Oxyplumbopyrochlore Pb2Nb2O6OIso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m4.DH.15Fluornatromicrolite(Na1.5Bi0.5)Ta2O6FIso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m4.DH.15Oxynatropyrochlore(Na,Ca,U)2Nb2O6(O,OH)4.DH.15Hydroxycalciopyrochlore(Ca,Na,U,◻)2(Nb,Ti)2O6(OH)Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m4.DH.15Fluorcalciopyrochlore(Ca,Na)2(Nb, Ti)2O6FIso.4.DH.15OxycalciopyrochloreCa2Nb2O6OIso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m4.DH.15Fluorstrontiopyrochlore(Sr,◻)2Nb2(O,OH)6F4.DH.15OxyplumbopyrochlorePb2Nb2O6OIso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m4.DH.15Fluorplumbopyrochlore(Pb,Y,Th,U,Na,Ca)2-x(Nb,Ti)2O6FIso.4.DH.15Bismutomicrolite (of Hogarth 1977)Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m4.DH.15Bismutopyrochlore (of Chukanov et al.)(Bi,Ca,U,Pb)2-xNb2(O,OH)6(OH)Amor.4.DH.15Kenoplumbopyrochlore(Pb,◻)Nb2O6(◻,O)4.DH.15Hydroxyplumbopyrochlore (Pb1.5◻0.5)Nb2O6(OH)Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m4.DH.15Stibiomicrolite (of Groat et al.)4.DH.15Oxyyttropyrochlore-(Y)(Y,◻)2Nb2O6O4.DH.15Fluorkenopyrochlore(◻,Sr,Ce,Ca,Na)2(Nb,Ti)2O6F4.DH.15HydroxycalciomicroliteCa1.5Ta2O6(OH)Iso. 432 :P42324.DH.15Strontiopyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977)A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z4.DH.15 vaAlumotungstite◻2W2O6(H2O)Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m4.DH.15OxycalciobetafiteCa2(Ti,Nb)2O6O4.DH.15Oxyuranobetafite(U,Ca,◻)2(Ti,Nb)2O6O4.DH.15Fluorcalciomicrolite(Ca,Na)2(Ta,Nb)2O6FIso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m4.DH.15OxycalciomicroliteCa2Ta2O6OIso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m4.DH.15OxystannomicroliteSn2Ta2O6OIso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m4.DH.15Kenoplumbomicrolite(Pb,◻)2Ta2O6(◻,OH,O)Iso.4.DH.15Oxynatromicrolite(Na,Ca,U)2(Ta,Nb)2O6(O,F)Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m4.DH.15Oxystibiomicrolite(Sb3+,Ca)2Ta2O6OIso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m4.DH.15Hydromicrolite(H2O,◻)2Ta2(O,OH)6(H2O)4.DH.15Plumbomicrolite (of Hogarth 1977)4.DH.15Hydrokenomicrolite(◻,H2O)2Ta2(O,OH)6(H2O)Iso.m3m(4/m32/m)4.DH.15Hydroxykenoelsmoreite(◻,Pb)2(W,Fe3+,Al)2(O,OH)6(OH)Trig.3 :R34.DH.15 vaYttromicrolite (of Hogarth)(Ca,Y3+,U,Na)2-x(Ta,Nb,Ti,Fe3+)2O7Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m4.DH.15Hydroxykenopyrochlore(◻,Ce,Ba)2(Nb,Ti)2O6(OH,F)Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m4.DH.15Hydroxymanganopyrochlore(Mn2+,Th,Na,Ca,REE)2(Nb,Ti)2O6(OH)Iso.m3(2/m3)4.DH.20CuproroméiteCu2Sb2(O,OH)7Iso.4.DH.20Hydroxycalcioroméite(Ca,Sb3+)2(Sb5+,Ti)2O6(OH)Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m4.DH.20BindheimitePb2Sb2O6OIso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m4.DH.20Hydroxyferroroméite(Fe2+1.5◻0.5)Sb5+2O6(OH)Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m4.DH.20Fluorcalcioroméite(Ca,Na,◻)2Sb5+2(O,OH)6FIso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m4.DH.20OxycalcioroméiteCa2Sb2O6OIso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m4.DH.20StetefeldtiteAg2Sb2(O,OH)7Iso.4.DH.20StibiconiteSb3+Sb5+2O6(OH)Iso.m3m(4/m32/m)4.DH.20MonimolitePb2Sb5+2O7Iso.m3m(4/m32/m)4.DH.25RosiaitePbSb5+2O6Trig.3m(32/m) :P31m4.DH.30Stefanweissite(Ca,REE)2Zr2(Nb,Ti)(Ti,Nb)2Fe2+O14Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m) :Cmca4.DH.30Laachite(Ca,Mn)2Zr2Nb2TiFeO14Mon. 2/m :B2/b4.DH.30Nöggerathite-(Ce)(Ce,Ca)2Zr2(Nb,Ti)(Ti,Nb)2Fe2+O14Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m) :Cmca4.DH.35LiandratiteU(Nb,Ta)2O8Trig.3m(32/m) :P31m4.DH.35PetscheckiteUFe(Nb,Ta)2O8Hex.4.DH.40IngersoniteCa3Mn2+Sb5+4O14Trig. 32 :P31214.DH.45PittongiteNa0.22(W,Fe3+)(O,OH)3 · 0.44H2OHex.6m2 :P6m24.DH.50TazzoliiteBa4-xNaxTi2Nb3SiO17[PO2(OH)2]x(OH)(1-2x)Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m) :Fmmm

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    • References for ZirconoliteⓘLaouni West intrusionCan Miner. 25 (1987)
    Angola
     
    33rd International Geological Congress (2008)Campeny et al. (2015)+1 other referenceAmores-Casals et al. (2019)Mariano et al. (1989)
    Antarctica
     
    MinMag 58:259 (1994)Grew et al. (1991)Hornig et al. (1991)
    Australia
     
    SutherlandSebastian MeffreMelluso et al. (2014)Rasmussen et. al+3 other referencesRasmussen et. al+3 other referencesRasmussen et. al+4 other referencesSheppard et al. (2016)Jacobson et al. (2007)+1 other referenceRasmussen et. al+3 other referencesRasmussen (2009)Rasmussen et. al+3 other references
    Austria
     
    Kolitsch (2018)Tropper (2001, 2003, 2005, 2007)+1 other referencePurtscheller et al. (1985)Purtscheller et al. (1985)
    Brazil
     
    Leandro et al. (2022)Romanian Journal of Mineral Deposits (1)Bilal et al. (2012)Traversa et al. (2001)Souza et al. (2024)elluso et al. (2016)+2 other referencesOliveira et al. (2020)MinMag 63:649+2 other referencesRojas et al. (2016)
    Canada
     
    Richard Gunter specimensTappe et al. (2005)Pohlner et al. (2020)Pohlner et al. (2020)Mitchell et al. (1993)Mariano et al. (1989)+2 other referencesCan Mineral February 1997 v. 35 no. 1 ...Wilson et al. (2013)Zurevinski et al. (2004)Heaman et al. (2001)
    Cape Verde
     
    China
     
    Xue et al. (2021)Xue et al. (2021)
    Cuba
     
    Aiglsperger et al. (Eastern Cuban Ophiolites)
    Czech Republic
     
    Novak et al. (2010)+2 other referencesHouzar S.: Zinkem a baryem bohaté minerální asociace (sfalerit - Zn-spinel - hyalofán - Ba-flogopit)Čopjáková et al. (2008)
    Egypt
     
    Mohamed (2013)
    Finland
     
    LEE et al. (2006)Mutanen (1997)
    France
     
    [Zirconolite-3O]Müller et al. (2023)Designolle (2021)Designolle (2021)
    Gabon
     
    Maier et al. (2015)
    Germany
     
    Giebel et al. (2019)Canadian Mineralogist 38:57-65[Zirconolite-2M]Blaß et al. (2013)Blaß et al. (2003)Blaß et al. (2003)Blaß et al. (2003)Blaß et al. (2003)Blass et al. (2005)[Zirconolite-2M]www.mineralienatlas.de (2010)+1 other referenceBlaß et al. (2003)
    Greece
     
    Vasilatos et al. (2023)Vasilatos et al. (2023)
    India
     
    Kumar et al. (1996)+4 other referencesBerger et al. (2009)
    Indonesia
     
    ...
    Iran
     
    Iranmanesh et al. (2018)
    Israel
     
    Griffin et al. (2016)
    Italy
     
    Della Ventura et al. (2001)Fedele L. et al. (2006)Russo et al. (2007)Ciriotti et al. (2011)Canadian Mineralogist 38:57-65+2 other referencesPascal (2008)Russo et al. (2007)+3 other referencesCaponera et al. (2007)Giuseppe Illuminati CollectionCaprilli (2000)Bortolozzi (n.d.)Gianfranco Ciccolini CollectionBortolozzi (n.d.)Signoretti et al. (2004)+1 other referencewww.gminromano.it (n.d.)Bill Henderson specimensCámara et al. (2004)+1 other referenceZaccarini et al. (2005)+1 other referenceGartner et al. (2002)Gieré et al. (1992)AMI UK Service analysis.[Zirconolite-3T]Nasti et al. (2006)
    Japan
     
    Nishio & Minakawa (2003)Yukikazu Ogoshi (2011)Kato et al. (1991)
    Kazakhstan
     
    Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data (2013)
    Madagascar
     
    www.gemresearch.ch/andranon/madcon.htm.Seydoux-Guillaume et al. (2009)
    Mozambique
     
    Gajdošová et al. (2017)+1 other reference
    Myanmar
     
    Phyo et al. (2018)[Zirconolite-3T]Pavel M. Kartashov analytical dataGao et al. (2023)
    Namibia
     
    Bodeving (2015)
    Norway
     
    Barth (1944)+1 other reference[Zirconolite-3O]Larsen et al. (1976)Burvald (1993)Larsen et al. (2010)Knut Edvard Larsen collection # MM-1371[Zirconolite-3O]Berge (n.d.)Andersen (1993)Knut Edvard Larsen observation in field ...[Zirconolite-3O]Nordrum (2007)[Zirconolite-3O]Knut Edvard Larsen and observation ...[Zirconolite-3O]Larsen et al. (2010)[Zirconolite-3O]Andresen (2011)[Zirconolite-3O]Berge (1993)Knut Edvard Larsen observation in field ...Berzelius (1824)Brøgger (1890, January)[Zirconolite-3O]Berzelius (1824)+2 other references[Zirconolite-3O]Knut Edvard Larsen observation in field ...Larsen et al. (2010)Larsen (2017)Knut Edvard Larsen collection # MM-2455Nordrum (2011)Weibye (1848)[Zirconolite-3O]Knut Edvard Larsen and observation ...[Zirconolite-3O]Larsen (1978)+3 other references[Zirconolite-3O]Knut Edvard Larsen collection # MM-3211+1 other reference[Zirconolite-3O]Charles D Young photo ID: 971173Hansen (1981)+2 other referencesLarsen et al. (2010)Berge (n.d.)+1 other referenceHansen (1981)+2 other referencesLarsen et al. (2010)MAC depository of Unpublished Data et al. (Piilonen et al 2013)Knut Edvard Larsen collection # MM-2001 ...Knut Edvard Larsen collection # MM-947Berge et al. (1980)[Zirconolite-3O]Berge et al. (1980)Berge et al. (1975)Berge et al. (2002)[Zirconolite-3O]Knut Edvard Larsen collection and ...[Zirconolite-3O]Larsen et al. (2013)MAC depository of Unpublished Data et al. (Piilonen et al 2013)[Zirconolite-3O]MAC depository of Unpublished Data et al. (Piilonen et al 2013)Berge et al. (1980)[Zirconolite-3O]Knut Edvard Larsen observation and ...[Zirconolite-3O]Berge (n.d.)Berge et al. (1976)Andersen et al. (1994)
    Oman
     
    - (2004, July)
    Poland
     
    Matyszczak (2018)Matyszczak (2018)Szełęg E. and Škoda R. (2008)Grabarczyk et al. (2022)
    Portugal
     
    Samples collected by Luigi Chiappino ...+1 other referenceChiappino et al. (2017)+1 other referenceLavarde (2021)Lavarde (2021)Alves (n.d.)
    Romania
     
    Klötzli et al. (2022)
    Russia
     
    Spiridonov et al. (2018)Stepanov et al. (2024)Sharygin+9 other referencesKogarko et al. (2013)+1 other referenceBarkov et al. (2021)+2 other referencesSklyarov+4 other referencesWorld of Stones 95: 5-6+3 other references ...Menshikov et al. (2015)Mikhailova et al. (2007)Menshikov et al. (2015)European Journal of Mineralogy 19 (2007)Menshikov et al. (2015)Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)Shlyukova Z.V. (1986)Menshikov et al. (2015)Kogarko et al. (1995)+1 other referenceTerry Williams (1996)+5 other referencesMikhailova et al. (2015)+2 other referencesMenshikov et al. (2015) ... ...Kruk et al. (2021)Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)Ashchepkov et al. (2021)Doroshkevich et al. (2016)+1 other reference
    Slovakia
     
    Farsang et al. (2014)
    South Africa
     
    Ewing et al. (1981, January)Van der Merwe (2011)
    Spain
     
    Calvo (2009)Ковальчук et al. (2014)Dill et al. (2023)Dill et al. (2023)Dill et al. (2023)Dill et al. (2023)Dill et al. (2023)Dill et al. (2023)
    Sri Lanka
     
    De Hoog et al. (1997)Fehr (1983)
    Sweden
     
    www.vendsysselstenklub.dk (2014)Sandström et al. (2009)Zakrezewski et al. (1992)[Zirconolite-3O]Sandström et al. (2010)[Zirconolite-3O]Sandström et al. (2010)
    Switzerland
     
    Canadian Mineralogist 38:57-65
    UK
     
    ...
    Ukraine
     
    Spiridonov et al. (2019)+1 other reference
    USA
     
    Gleba (2008)Januzzi et al. (1976)Hunt et al. (2005)
    The Moon
     
    Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data (2013)A.V. Mokhov and P.M. Kartashov data+1 other referenceTian et al. (2021)+1 other referenceMeyer et al. (1974)
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