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Wulfenite

A valid IMA mineral species
This page kindly sponsored byChris Whitney-Smith
Photos of Wulfenite (9581)Discuss WulfeniteView 'Best Of' Article
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Edit WulfeniteAdd SynonymEdit CIF structuresClear Cache
Pb(MoO4)
Colour:
Orange-yellow, yellow, honey-yellow, reddish-orange, rarely colourless, grey, brown, olive-green and even black.
Lustre:
Adamantine, Sub-Adamantine, Resinous
Hardness:
2½ - 3
Specific Gravity:
6.5 - 7.5
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Member of:
Scheelite Group
Name:
Renamed in 1845 by Wilhelm Karl von Haidinger in honor of Franz Xaver Freiherr von Wulfen [November 5, 1728, Belgrade, Serbia - March 16, 1805, Klagenfurt, Austria], botanist, mineralogist, alpinist and a member of the Order of the Society of Jesus (Jesuit). Wulfen authored a monograph on the lead ores of Bleiberg, Austria. This mineral was originally named "plumbum spatosum flavo-rubrum, ex Annaberg, Austria" in 1772 by Ignaz von Born. In 1781, Joseph Franz Edler von Jacquin called the mineral "Kärntherischer bleispath". Other names were later proposed.
Type Locality:
ⓘBad Bleiberg, Villach-Land District, Carinthia, Austria
Stolzite-Wulfenite Series.

A secondary mineral typically found as thin tabular crystals with a bright orange-red, yellow-orange, yellow or yellowish grey colour in the oxidised zones of hydrothermal lead deposits.

In unique situations, it may precipitate from volcanic fumarole gas, in temperatures from 400 to 550°C (Africano et al., 2002).

Visit gemdat.org forgemological information about Wulfenite.



Unique Identifiers
IMA Formula:
PbMoO4

Classification of Wulfenite

7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
G : Molybdates, Wolframates and Niobates
A : Without additional anions or H2O
Dana 7th ed.:
48.1.3.1
Dana 8th ed.:
48.1.3.1

48 : ANHYDROUS MOLYBDATES AND TUNGSTATES
1 : AXO4
Hey's CIM Ref.:
27.3.3

27 : Sulphites, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
3 : Molybdates

Mineral SymbolsJolyon RalphUnited Kingdom

Physical Properties of Wulfenite
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent, Opaque
Colour:
Orange-yellow, yellow, honey-yellow, reddish-orange, rarely colourless, grey, brown, olive-green and even black.
Streak:
White
Hardness:
2½ - 3 onMohs scale
Hardness Data:
Measured
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
Distinct on {011}; indistinct on {001}, {013}.
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven, Sub-Conchoidal
Density:
6.5 - 7.5 g/cm3 (Measured)    6.88 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of Wulfenite
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Optical Extinction:
Parallel
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
Orange and yellow
Comments:
May be anomalously biaxial.

Chemistry of Wulfenite
Common Impurities:
W,Ca,V,As,Cr,W,Ti

Crystallography of Wulfenite
Click on an icon to view
Wulfenite no.10 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Wulfenite no.39 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Wulfenite no.44 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Wulfenite no.54 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Wulfenite no.68 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Wulfenite no.81 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Wulfenite - {110}, {001}, {00-1}, overgrown with small pyramidal crystals
Wulfenite - Contact twin on {00-1}
3d models and HTML5 code kindly provided bywww.smorf.nl.

Toggle
Edge Lines |Miller Indices |Axes

Transparency
Opaque |Translucent |Transparent

View
Along a-axis |Along b-axis |Along c-axis |Start rotation |Stop rotation

Crystal StructureOld Yuma mine, Tucson, Arizona, USA 577
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
4.96 Å(10)
3.24 Å(100)
3.03 Å(20)
2.72 Å(25)
2.02 Å(30)
1.921 Å(10)
1.787 Å(18)
1.653 Å(25)
Locality:
Bad Bleiberg, Villach-Land District, Carinthia, Austria

Geological Environment
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Mining Academy, Freiberg, Germany.

Synonyms of Wulfenite

Other Language Names for Wulfenite

Varieties of WulfeniteChillagiteTungsten-rich variety of wulfenite (compare alsoStolzite-Wulfenite Series). It was proposed as a new mineral, but is considered a structural variant of wulfenite (unlike wulfenite, it crystallises in space group I4 due to W-Mo ordering; Jury et al., 2001...Chromium-bearing WulfeniteA chromian variety of WulfeniteTungsten-bearing WulfeniteA tungsten-bearing wulfenite.Vanadium-bearing WulfeniteA variety of Wulfenite containing V in substitution for Mo.

Relationship of Wulfenite to other Species
Other Members of Scheelite Group:
PowelliteCa(MoO4)Tet. 4/m :I41/a
RonpetersoniteBaWO4Tet. 4/m :I41/a
ScheeliteCa(WO4)Tet. 4/m :I41/a
StolzitePb(WO4)Tet. 4/m :I41/a
Forms a series with:
StolziteStolzite-Wulfenite Series

Common AssociatesMon. 2/m :B2/m7.GA.05RonpetersoniteBaWO4Tet. 4/m :I41/a7.GA.05Fergusonite-(Ce)CeNbO4 · 0.3H2OTet.7.GA.05Fergusonite-(Nd)NdNbO47.GA.05Fergusonite-(Y)YNbO4Tet. 4/m :I41/a7.GA.05PowelliteCa(MoO4)Tet. 4/m :I41/a7.GA.05StolzitePb(WO4)Tet. 4/m :I41/a7.GA.05SuseinargiuiteNaBi(MoO4)2Tet. 4/m :I41/a7.GA.05ScheeliteCa(WO4)Tet. 4/m :I41/a7.GA.10Formanite-(Y)YTaO4Tet. 4/m :I41/a7.GA.10Iwashiroite-(Y)Y(Ta,Nb)O4Mon. 2/m :P2/b7.GA.15Paraniite-(Y)Ca2Y(AsO4)(WO4)2Tet. 4/m :I41/a7.GA.20Takanawaite-(Y)YTaO4Mon. 2/m

Fluorescence of Wulfenite

Other Information
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    • References for WulfeniteⓘSidi RoumanLacroix (1910)+2 other references
    Argentina
     
    Eduardo Jawerbaum (pers. comm.)+1 other referenceBrodtkorb (2006)Karl Volkman and Rob Lavinsky specimensHayase et al. (1978)+1 other reference
    Australia
     
    Rankin et al. (2002)Sharpe et al. (2004)Clissold (2007)Leverett et al. (2003)Birch et al. (1997)Worner et al. (1982)Ryan (1961)Ryan (1961)Sorrell (n.d.)Personal Collection+1 other referenceCon Constantinides collectionPalache et al. (1951)Singer et al. (2009)Dana 7:II:1084-1085.Noble et al. (1983)- (1990)NobleJohn Haupt specimen in M Day collectionBottrill et al. (2008)R BottrillHenry et al. (2022)Nickel et al. (1993)Nickel et al. (1993)I.D. by Stuart Mills+1 other referenceKing et al. (1989)+1 other referenceGrguric et al. (2006)Jorgensen et al. (2017)Simpson et al. (1948)Maitland (1919)
    Austria
     
    Hiden (1997)Niedermayr et al. (1995)A.Pichler (2012)Hiden (1997)Niedermayr et al. (1995)Niedermayr et al. (1995)Chris Auer collection+1 other referenceF. Brandstätter (1997)Gröbner (2000)Blass et al. (2001)+1 other referenceA.Pichler (2003)Niedermayr et al. (1995)A.Pichler (2003)Exel (1993)Pichler (2009)Blass et al. (2000)Blaß et al. (1999)Meixner 1981Niedermayr et al. (1995)H. Meixner: Carinthia II (1957)Pichler (2009)Pichler (2009)Niedermayr et al. (1995)Mikl et al. (2014)C.Auer (2013)Kolitsch et al. (2008)+1 other referenceC.Auer (2013)G. Blass: Carinthia II 189./109.:215 (1999)Niedermayr et al. (1995)Pichler (2009)C.AuerAuer (1995)Pichler (2009)+1 other referencePichler (2009)Niedermayr et al. (1995)C.Auer (2013)Niedermayr et al. (1995)Palache et al. (1951)+1 other referenceHegemann (1949)A.Pichler (2012)Exel (1993)Niedermayr et al. (1995)Niedermayr et al. (1995)Blass et al. (1999)A.Pichler (2012)Pichler (2009)Neschen (n.d.)Markowitz (1990)+1 other referenceHiden (1993)Niedermayr et al. (1995)Niedermayr et al. (1995)Niedermayr et al. (1995)+1 other referenceMartin Rich collectionG. Niedermayr: Der Hochobir (Klagenfurt)G. Niedermayr: Der Hochobir (Klagenfurt)G. Niedermayr: Der Hochobir (1999)G. Niedermayr: Der Hochobir (Klagenfurt)G. Niedermayr: Der Hochobir (Klagenfurt)G. Niedermayr: Der Hochobir (Klagenfurt)Pichler (2009)C.Auer (2018)C.Auer (2014)C.Auer 2012C.Auer (2014)G. Niedermayr: Der Hochobir (Klagenfurt)Niedermayr et al. (1995)Chris AuerNiedermayr et al. (1995)Clark+1 other referenceC.Auer (2013)C.Auer (2013)ID by Dr. F.Bernhard+2 other referencesUwe KolitschChris Auer collectionKolitsch et al. (2010)Grolig et al. (2003)Strasser (1989)Strasser (1989)Strasser (1989)Strasser (1989)Strasser (1989)Meixner (1978)Walter (2010)Auer (1995)Chris AuerC.Auer (2018)Schachinger et al. (2014)Neschen (n.d.)Strasser (1989)Harjo Neutkens collection (to be published)Strasser (1989)Strasser (1989)Brandstätter et al. (2010)Gröbner et al. (2008)Niedermayr et al. (2000)+1 other referenceStrasser (1989)Exel (1993)+1 other referenceNiedermayr (2008)Chris Auer photoSteiner&Melcher (2020)R.Poeverlein (2016)Strasser (1989)Strasser (1989)Preite D. (1986)Strasser (1989)Strasser (1989)+1 other referenceSchnorrer et al. (2000)Kutil (2004)Strasser (1989)Pichler (2009)Strasser (1989)Strasser (1989)Strasser (1989)Strasser (1989)Tomazic et al. (2012)Weber (1990)Schachinger et al. (2014)Postl et al. (1988)Schachinger et al. (2012)Schachinger et al. (2015)Redlich (1931)www.vstm.at (2003)Bojar et al. (1994)+1 other referenceExel (1993)+1 other referenceHegemann (1949)Mutschlechner (1954)Bergmann et al. (2007)Exel (1993)Schroll (1950)+2 other referencesExel (1993)Steck et al. (2017)50. (in German)+1 other referenceGeoSphere Austria (2024)Lapis 29 (6)Schnorrer et al. (2010)- (1994, July)+1 other referenceSchnorrer+Poeverlein (2005)Poeverlein- (1994, July)Der Aufschluß (2006)alois lechnerSchuster et al. (2005)Kolitsch (2019)Kolitsch et al. (2011)
    Belgium
     
    Fransolet et al. (1974)+4 other referencesHatert et al. (2002)Hatert et al. (2000)+1 other referenceNeutkens (2005)Neutkens (2005)Michel Blondieau.+1 other referenceHatert et al. (1998)+2 other references
    Bolivia
     
    Hurlbut et al. (1969)Federico Ahlfeld y Jorge Muñoz Reyes (1955)Brian Kosnar Collection
    Bulgaria
     
    Lips (2006)Lips (2006)
    Canada
     
    Peatfield (n.d.)+1 other referencePeatfield (n.d.)Selby et al. (2000)Montgomery (n.d.)Parrish (1977)+1 other referenceNorman Wilson collectionnsminerals.atspace.com (2005)Reiner Mielke 2013Sabina (1974)Grice (1989)+1 other referenceHorváth et al. (1998)Horváth et al. (1998)Waller et al. (1980)+1 other referenceTraill (1983)
    Chile
     
    "Yacimientos Metalíferos de Chile"+1 other referenceV. Sapienza collectionR. D. GreenSamples analysed by Dr. Jochen Schlüter (Hamburg University)Jarrell (1939)"Yacimientos Metalíferos de Chile"+1 other referenceTerry SzenicsSamples analysed by Dr. Jochen Schlüter (Hamburg University)Maurizio Dini collectionmaurizio dini collection - analysed ...Richard Green photocollected and analysed by french ...Maurizio Dini collectionRaman spectroscopy by Joy Desormaurizio dini collection - analysed ...Sorrell (n.d.)Maurizio Dini collection - analysed ...- (n.d.)+1 other reference- (n.d.)+1 other referenceYang et al. (2011)M.Dini & A.Molina collection+1 other referenceSorrell (n.d.)"Estudios geológico del sector de ...+2 other referencesSamples from old collections in Brazil ...luigi matteiSorrell (n.d.)M.Dini & A.Molina collectionsample preserved in the Ignacio Domeyko ...maurizio dini - analysed materialSchlüter et al. (2008)www.lrz-muenchen.de (n.d.)luigi chiappino specimenmaurizio dini collection - analysed ...C. Ruiz Fuller/F. Peebles (1988)
    China
     
    Su et al. (2)+4 other referencesShuchao Fu (2011)Cuizhi Wang and Shuchao Fu (2013)Mao Jingwen et al. (2000)Boling Pan et al. (1989)Zhi Ma et al. (2006)Keyong Deng et al. (2007)Wangwei Fu et al. (2012)Dahlkamp (2009)She et al. (2022)Jian et al. (2022)Guangming Yang (1980)Guozong Peng (1986)Qingchang Meng (1981)Qiangzhi Li et al. (2003)+1 other referenceWanrong Hou et al. (2010)Xianguang Wang (1989)Xilin Liu (1991)Zongyao et al. (2005)+1 other referenceRen (1980)+1 other referenceDianhao Huang et al. (1984)Wu et al. (1996)Wu et al. (2022)Hou et al. (2009)Liu (2006)+2 other referencesRubo Zhang et al. (2003)LIU et al. (2012)Fleischer et al. (1979)+1 other referenceHe et al. (2025)Pierre ClolusWilson et al. (2007)Daipauu's CollectionLiu et al. (2020)Baogui Zhang et al. (2002)Qian Zhang (1988)Huijin Lu and Jian Wang (2005)Huijin Lu and Jian Wang (2005)Huijin Lu and Jian Wang (2005)
    Czech Republic
     
    Palache et al. (1951)Ondruš et al. (1989)Ondruš et al. (1989)Kohout et al. (1995)+1 other referenceLapis 2002 (7/8)Sejkora et al. (2011)Scharm+7 other referencesFengl+3 other referencesPauliš et al. (2023)NovákVenclík V. (2018)Sejkora J. et al. (Česká republika)Malý (1999)P.FuchsSejkora (1998)Sejkora (1994)Kruťa
    DR Congo
     
    Daltry (1992)Deliens (1996)In the collection of Chuck Adan. EDS by ...[MinRec 20:280+1 other reference
    Egypt
     
    Gatto Rotondo et al. (2012)Nagar et al. (2020)Richard de Nul collectionMahdy et al. (2025)Hussein et al. (1988)
    Europe
     
    Palache et al. (1951)+4 other references
    France
     
    Chollet Pascal Collection+1 other referencePierre Bourrat CollectionSeveral AFM members collectionBarral (2023)Robin FialipPélisson (1989)Rutley (1902)Désignolle J.L. (2005)Designolle J-L. (1993)Pascal Chollet collectionChollet Pascal CollectionChollet Pascal CollectionDe Ascençao Guedes (2003)Jean-Luc Designolle collectionGastineau (1999)Favreau G. et al. (1996)Chollet pascal Collection - collected ...Valverde J. (1999)Th Brunsperger collectionYannick Vessely collectionHohl (1994)trouvaille groupe en sept 2009+1 other referenceGOURAULT C. (2006)GOURAULT C. (2006)Yves Mourey CollectionDavid Steiner collection+1 other referenceRocks & Min. 61: 216Asselborn (1982)Frédéric Bonnet CollectionHohl (1994)Gol (2016)Devismes (1978)C. Gineste collectionJ.-V. Coureau collectionPoggionovo (2005)Lheur et al. (2011)Wittern et al. (1997)Aufschluss 1/85Thierry Brunsperger collection.Wittern et al. (1997)H. Bari 1986+1 other referenceBari (1982)Nicolas Meisser analysis+1 other referenceTh Brunsperger collectionHohl (1994)Cédrick Gineste 01.04.2005.Cassian (?)Ansermet et al. (2010)Lebocey et al. (2010)Brousse (1982)Lebocey (2015)Michel Arliguie collection.Chatenet (2014)+1 other referenceLebocey (2014)Collection and Collected by (Font Philippe)Gol (2014)Jean Claude Dol collection.Favreau et al. (2003)frederic bonnetfrederic bonnetwww.pangeaminerals.com (2005)Jean-Marie LAURENT+1 other referencePierrotGayraud et al. (2011)+1 other referenceJean-Maire Laurent collectionFavreau et al. (2010)Queneau (n.d.)Jean Claude Dolwww.pangeaminerals.com (2005)Several AFM members collectionFred Bonnet CollectionGeorges Favreau specimensCaubel (1997)Henriot et al. (1998)Boisson et al. (2014)No ReferencesJean-Marie LAURENT collectionLapis 2002 (1)Queneau (n.d.)Galvier et al. (1995)Self collected by S. MAURYMari et al. (1979)ROSTAN et al. (2017)Dietrich J.E. et al. (1999)Dietrich et al. (1995)Jean-Marie Claude collection+2 other references
    Gabon
     
    Fleischer (1963)
    Germany
     
    Weiß (1990)Palache et al. (1951)+1 other referenceWeiß (1990)Michael PfeilWeiß (1990)Walenta (1992)Walenta (1992)Walenta (1992)Weiß (1990)Weiß (1990)Schlomann et al. (1988)Walenta (1989)+1 other referenceWeiß (1990)Weiß (1990)Walenta (1992)Walenta (1998)Steen (1993)www.mineralienatlas.de (2021)Weiß (1990)Aufschluss 71 (3)[Wittern (1995)Fricke (1966)Markl (1989)+1 other referenceWalenta (1992)+1 other referenceMarkl (1991)Walenta (1994)+1 other referenceWittern (2001)Walenta (1992)Walenta (1992)Falkenstein (2010)Wittern (2001)Walenta (1994)+1 other referenceHabel (2009)Habel (2007)Habel (1998)Weiß (1990)Weiß (1990)Neschen (n.d.)Weiß (1990)Weiß (1990)Hegemann (1949)Weiß (1990)Weiß (1990)Laubmann (1924)www.mineralienatlas.de (2018)Weiß (1990)Weiß (1990)https://www.mineralienatlas.de/?l=307Weiß (1990)https://www.mineralienatlas.de/?l=307Dill et al. (2010)PETITJEAN collectionCollection of Steffen MichalskiCollected by Klaus Petitjean in 11-83.Petitjean et al. (2000)Lapis (10)Emser Hefte 1988 (1)+2 other referencesSpamer et al. (2005)Weiß (1990)Joachim Gröbner (2019)Weiß (1990)Gröbner et al. (2011)Gröbner et al. (2011)Peter Lof collectionStieglitz et al. (1989)Bender et al. (1994)Graf et al. (1982)Graf et al. (1992)Weiß (1990)Graf et al. (1992)coll. R. LinderSchnorrer-Köhler (1988)Schnorrer-Köhler (1988)Collection M. Kampf No 68-007Schnorrer-Köhler (1988)Schnorrer-Köhler (1988)Heinrich et al. (2006)50.+2 other referencesHartmut Hensel collectionNoll (1984)Own find 2006 R. LangWittern (2001)Wittern (2001)Weiß (1990)Wittern (2001)Wittern (2001)Wittern (2001)Ließmann et al. (2020)Neschen (n.d.)Desor (05/2020)+1 other referenceMassanek et al. (2005)Martin et al. (1994)Schlegel (1991)Wittern (2001)www.dergraul.de (2001)Massanek et al. (2005)Massanek et al. (2005)Massanek et al. (2005)Massanek et al. (2005)Massanek et al. (2005)Frank Ihle CollectionWitzke et al. (2007)Wittern (2001)Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in ...Wittern (2001)Jahn (1999)+1 other referencePalache et al. (1951)Daniel LunauKolitsch et al. (1997)Weber (1992)http://www.mineralienatlas.de (link no longer correct)43-47+3 other referencesKnoll (2009)Wittern (2001)
    Greece
     
    Rieck et al. (1999)+1 other referenceFritz Schreiber collectionColleen Thomson collectionLeleu (1966)Uwe Kolitsch (unpubl. SEM-EDS results)
    Greenland
     
    Petersen et al. (1993)
    Hungary
     
    Zajzon et al. (2004)
    Iran
     
    Rocks & Min.: 65:16+2 other referencesR.D. Green collection+1 other referenceRocks & Min.: 65:29.Bariand (1963)S. Weiß: Lapis 29 (12)Wilke (1977)Mondillo et al. (2017)Vachik Hairapetian collectionBariand et al. (1980)USGS databaseJavanshir. A. 2007. Mineralogy et al. (Mo)
    Ireland
     
    Sweeny et al. (2021)Moreton & Lawson (2019)SEM-EDAX confirmed by Dr GreenMoreton et al. (2007)Moreton et al. (2007)S. MoretonMoreton et al. (2007)Day (1999)
    Italy
     
    Piccoli et al. (2007)Piccoli et al. (2007)Bloise et al. (2018)+1 other referenceRusso et al. (2009)Balassone et al. (2019)Balassone et al. (2019)Locality descriptionDel Caldo et al. (1973)Pagano et al. (2001)Esposito et al. (2005)Corrado Balestra - SIUK-AMI - at Turin ...Bracco et al. (2009)Amoretti F. (1980)+2 other referencesBertolini A. Rivista Mineralogica ...G.M.GramaccioliCollection Joachim Esche and Lorenzo ...Bocci AdrioScherillo A. (1933)Mondillo et al. (2020)G. Signorelli collectionMaida (2002)Maida (1991)Find by Gruppo Orobico Minerali - ...+1 other referenceRepossi (1904)+2 other referencesRef: 1986 - Wulfenite in un'antica ...Scaini G. (1976)+1 other referenceItinerari Mineralogici della Lombardia ...Boscardin et al. (1970)- (n.d.)Luigi Possenti CollectionMarchesini et al. (2025)Bedognè et al. (1993)Boscardin M. (1972)+1 other referenceDe Battisti L. (1996)Guastoni et al. (2017)- (as a monograph)+2 other referencesGentile et al. (2023)Guastoni et al. (2004)+1 other referencePiccoli et al. (2007)Giovanni Scapin CollectionPiccoli et al. (2007)Secco L. et al. (3)Martini et al. (2012)Martini et al. (2012)De Michele (1974)Piccoli et al. (2007)Finello et al. (2007)+1 other referenceCampostrini et al. (2023)Piccoli et al. (2007)Piccoli et al. (2007)Parola et al. (2023)Barresi et al. (2)Flavio Giuseppe Taricco collectionFinello et al. (2007)- (n.d.)+1 other referenceCiriotti et al. (2019)Gruppo Mineralogico ...Klemm et al. (2004)Graeser et al. (1995)Grill (1935)Pezzotta et al. (1999)Preite et al. (1997)Savia et al. (n.d.)Mazzini D. (1988)+1 other referenceMattioli V. (1976)+2 other referencesMattioli (1979)+1 other referencePiccoli et al. (2007)Mazzini D. (1988)+1 other referenceMauro Savia et al. (2024)Albertini et al. (2005)Rivista Mineralogica Italiana (1)Guastoni et al. (2019)Cuchet et al. (2016)Rivista Mineralogica ItalianaCiriotti et al. (2010)Orlandi et al. (2013)+1 other referenceOrlandi et al. (2005)Traverso (1898)Stara et al. (1999)Palache et al. (1951)+1 other referenceGamboni et al. (2021)Olmi F. et al. (1995)Palache et al. (1951)Bornemann (1898)+2 other referencesStara et al. (1996)Stara et al. (1996)Stara et al. (1996)Traverso (1898)Stara et al. (1993)Stara et al. (1996)Bortolozzi (n.d.)Stara et al. (1994)Fernando Caboni et al. (2024)Fernando Caboni et al. (2024)Stara P. (1996)Preite et al. (2007)Richard (1879)+1 other referenceRivista Mineralogica Italiana 4/1992-"I minerali del giacimento di Monte Tamara (Nuxis)Stara et al. (1993)Stara et al. (1993)Stara et al. (1993)Stara et al. (1993)Richard (1879)+5 other referencesAstolfi et al. (1999) ...Richard (1879)+2 other referencesStara et al. (1993)Stara et al. (1993)Stara et al. (1996)Campostrini et al. (1999)De Michele (1974)Mattioli et al. (2009)Campostrini et al. (2006)Conedera M. et al. (2016)Ricordo di Cristel Puecher da Roveda+2 other referencesFerretti P. et al. (Lavis, Trentino-Alto Adige)Canal et al. (2012)Raman Spectroscopy by Ivano RocchettiNeschen (n.d.)Dellantonio (2013)Vecchi et al. (2013)Boscardin (1973)Maiello (1998)Gasparetto et al. (2014)Torri et al. (2017)Torri et al. (2017)Bonifazi (2021)Guelfi et al. (1987)+1 other referenceCiuffardi (2005)Ciuffardi (2005)Giovanni Fraccaro collectionMaini et al. (2000)+2 other referencesSaccardo D. et al. (Torrebelvicino, Vicenza)Boscardin et al. (2011)+1 other reference
    Japan
     
    Go Ito specimenMasutomi Museum specimensTerashima collection+1 other referenceF. Africano et al. (2002)Africano et al. (2002)Africano et al. (2002)+2 other references- (n.d.)+1 other referenceOhnishi et al. (2001)Harada et al. (2001)
    Jersey
     
    Mourant (1978)+2 other references
    Kazakhstan
     
    Smith et al. (1995)Jeremolenko (2002)Evseev (1995)Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)Singer et al. (2008)According reports of geological service ...Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)- (2005)Ваулин (2016)Evseev (1995)Frank DzubeckPekov (1998)
    Laos
     
    Khoanta et al. (2016)
    Madagascar
     
    Behier (1963)Lacroix (1922)Behier (1963)
    Malawi
     
    Mexico
     
    Palache et al. (1951)Rocks & Min.:64:501.+1 other referenceEcon Geol (1991)Personal collecting experiencePanczner (1987)Peter HargisPanczner (1987)Personal communication of miner to Don ...Martin Števko-unpublishedGerardo Pérez Reveles- (2004)- (2004)+1 other referenceRocks & Min.: 65:26.- (2004)Panczner (1987)Panczner (1987)Panczner (1987)Peter MegawRocks & Min.: 65: 26+2 other referencesGerardo Pérez RevelesSaini-Eidukat et al. (2009)Megaw (2023)Querol+1 other referencePanczner (1987)Panczner (1987)Panczner (1987)Megaw (2023)Hoffmann (1968)+3 other referencesMoore (2008)Tim Blackwood specimenMoore (2008)Mike New and Steve Stuart specimens.Panczner (1987)Panczner (1987)Smith et al. (1953)+1 other referencePanczner (1987)Panczner (1987)Panczner (1987)Panczner (1987)Panczner (1987)+1 other referencePanczner (1987)- (1970)Gaines (1965)Panczner (1987)Panczner (1987)Collector's Stope specimensPanczner (1987)PMB collectionPanczner (1987)Alejandro Felix Gutierrez CollectionPanczner (1987)Panczner (1987)Panczner (1987)Rocks & Min.: 24:455-457.Jean-Philippe Nattero
    Mongolia
     
    G.S. Ripp dataPavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)N.V. Vladykin data
    Morocco
     
    Dominik Schlafli specimenJahn et al. (2003)Fabre (n.d.)Jahn et al. (2003)Yves Masson specimen.Mark MauthnerPraszkier (2013)Jébrak et al. (1998)+1 other referenceTomasz Praszkier specimenAntoine Barthélemy collection. In November 2022 et al. (and in close proximity to)Jahn et al. (2003)Praszkier (2013)Jébrak et al. (1998)Favreau et al. (2006)Favreau (2005)Barral et al. (2008)Dietrich et al. (2005)Georges FAVREAU collection + EDSFavreau et al. (2006)Menor-Salván (2021)Favreau (n.d.)Palache et al. (1951)Favreau (n.d.)King (n.d.)King (n.d.)Betts (n.d.)Wulfenite specimen with a detailed ...Jordi Fabre collectionRocks & Min.: 65:27.Palache et al. (1951)
    Namibia
     
    Weninger (1972)+2 other referencesKleser et al. (2008)Schmitt et al. (2002)Palfi et al. (2009)Schnaitmann et al. (2007)Cairncross et al. (2010)von Bezing (2007)von Bezing (2007)Niedermayr (2001)Niedermayr et al. (2008)+1 other referenceSchnaitmann et al. (2010)Nghoongoloka et al. (2024)Bowell et al. (2013)Lavinsky (n.d.)+1 other referenceSchnaitmann et al. (2010)Schnaitmann et al. (2010)+1 other referenceBowell et al. (2013)www.tsumeb.com/tsumeb/index.shtmlBideaux (1972)+4 other referencesvon Bezing (2007)Cairncross (1997)Cairncross (1997)von Bezing (2007)Jahn (2002)+1 other referenceDunn (1991)
    New Zealand
     
    W. A. Watters in Australian Mineralogist
    North Macedonia
     
    Šoufek et al. (1998)+2 other references
    Norway
     
    Eldjarn et al. (1982)Neumann (1985)Hans Vidar Ellingsen via OT. Ljostad.+1 other referenceEldjarn (1977)Frigstad et al. (1969)+1 other referenceFolvik (2005)Werner (2003)Werner (2003)Berg (1990)Knut Edvard Larsen collection MM # 5514Nordli et al. (1997)+1 other referencePeter Andresen collection & photo (Photo id-13067)Goldschmidt (1911)Peter Andresen collectionKnut Edvard Larsen collection MM # 5009Goldschmidt (1911)Bugge (1917)Peter Andresen collectionNordrum et al. (2006)Knut Edvard Larsen collection # MM-355Neumann (1985)Husdal (2008)Husdal (2011)Husdal (2021)Husdal (2008)Oftedal et al. (1965)+1 other referenceKvamsdal (2024)Raade (1972)Burvald (2018)Burvald (2018)Peter Andresen collectionKnut Edvard Larsen collection # MM-5064 ...Larsen et al. (2010)Nordrum (2007)Knut Edvard Larsen collection # MM-322Larsen et al. (2010)Berge (n.d.)Berge (n.d.)Burvald (1993)Berge (n.d.)Larsen et al. (2010)Berge (n.d.)Berge (1993)Andresen et al. (2018)Larsen (1988)Bjørn Kåre Stensvold collection mai ...Garmo (1978)Berge (n.d.)Knut Edvard Larsen (2023)Åmli et al. (1972)Larsen (2016)Larsen et al. (2010)Nordrum (2008)+1 other referenceÅsheim (1988)Herman Fylling collection 1983Berge et al. (2002)Berge (n.d.)Samuelsen (1993)
    Pakistan
     
    Ikram Mineralogy (Wholly owned & manage by Ikram Nature Exploration )Ikram MineralogyNauroz Nausherwani specimens
    Poland
     
    Szełęg E. (2008)Mochnacka et al. (2012)Lis et al. (1986)Pieczka et al. (1988)Traube (1888)Lis et al. (1986)Mochnacka et al. (2015)+1 other referenceSzełęg E. (2008)Szełęg E. (2008)
    Portugal
     
    Alves (n.d.)Alves (n.d.)
    Republic of the Congo
     
    Rob Lavinsky+1 other referenceDemetrius Pohl+1 other referenceBrian Kosnar SpecimensDemetrius PohlJ.P. Lassort collectionKing et al. (1993)
    Romania
     
    Rocks and Minerals 77:176-180- (n.d.)Szakáll (2002)
    Russia
     
    Pekov et al. (2011)Damdinova et al. (2019)Damdinov et al. (2022)Kasatkin et al. (2022)Local geolofist S.V.Kolesnichenko dataKalko et al. (2014)Anastasiya SERGEEVA (2023)+1 other referenceZhegunov et al. (2025)Zhegunov et al. (2025)Serafimova et al. (1994)Pekov et al. (2025) ... ...Voloshin A.V. et al. (1986)Yu. Engalychev (2019)+1 other referenceCook (2007)Yarosh et al. (1955)
    Slovakia
     
    Koděra (1986)Števko M. et al. (Slovenská republika)Koděra (1986)Ferenc Š. et al. (2019)Števko M. et al. (Slovenská republika)Števko M. et al. (2009)
    Slovenia
     
    Palache et al. (1951)+3 other referencesScopolia - Journal of the Slovenian ...Hlawatsch (1924)+2 other referencesTerzić (1972)+2 other referencesRečnik (2010)in the collection of Igor DolinarBetts (n.d.)
    South Africa
     
    Cairncross et al. (1995)Atanasova et al. (2016)De Jager (1966)Cairncross et al. (1995)Cairncross et al. (1995)Cairncross et al. (1995)+1 other referenceSpecies list by Dr. Hans Börner
    South Korea
     
    Tsuda (1969)
    Spain
     
    www.strahlen.org (n.d.)Favreau (n.d.)Juan Miguel collectionDr. César Menor analysisA. Arribas et al. (2005)Silva (2001)García Guirado (2016)Rewitzer et al. (2018)www.foro-minerales.com (2021)Ramos et al. (2006)Calvo Rebollar (2014)José Miguel SolaDíaz et al. (2000)+1 other referenceDíaz et al. (2000)Díaz et al. (2000)Díaz et al. (2000)Díaz et al. (2000)Díaz et al. (2000)Díaz et al. (2000)Carlos ParejaDíaz et al. (2000)Díaz et al. (2000)Pierre RondelezCalvo Rebollar (2014)Calvo Rebollar (2008)Calvo Rebollar (2014)Calvo (2015)Perez et al. (1991)Mineralogistes de Catalunya (2/3)Carles MilanSergio Evangelio CollectionIgnacio Herrera+14 other referencesJoan Rosell-Riba (2025)Petrov (n.d.)Rodríguez+4 other referencesJohnson+2 other referencesFrancisco Javier Ortiz Rua CollectionAbella i Creus (2018)Carles Rubio collection (SXRD-analysed by Uwe Kolitsch)+1 other referenceViñals et al. (2001)Sainz de Baranda Graf et al. (2023)Gonzalez Del Tanago+3 other referencesSainz de Baranda Graf et al. (2023)Calvo et al. (2009)Calvo Rebollar (2014)
    Sweden
     
    Sandström et al. (2008)+1 other reference
    Switzerland
     
    Stalder et al. (1998)Meisser (1999)+1 other referenceMeisser (1999)Collection Philippe Roth+1 other referenceKrähenbühl et al. (1999)Stalder et al. (1998)Cabalzar (1977)Bächtiger K. (1986)+1 other referenceRüdlinger G. (1983)Kellerhals (1962)- (1993)+1 other referenceKrähenbühl et al. (1999)Jahn (2008)Cabalzar (1977)Le Cristallier Suisse (7)Vanini F. et al. (1998)White needles. Coll. Franco VaniniStalder et al. (1998)Stalder et al. (1998)Stalder et al. (1998)Wilson (1975)Cuchet et al. (2003)+1 other referenceStalder et al. (1998)Van der Burgt et al. (2015)Kolitsch et al. (1996)www.mineralienatlas.de (n.d.)van der Burgt et al. (2005)Most recent: Gea 1993/04 p.137 with ...De Wit (1997)Cuchet et al. (2018)50. (in German)+1 other referenceCuchet et al. (2016)Stalder et al. (1998)Parker et al. (1973)Stalder et al. (1998)EDXS analysesStalder et al. (1998)T. Brunsperger collectionCuchet et al. (2005)Cuchet (1993)Ansermet (2012)Jean Claude Dol+1 other reference86. (in German)+2 other referencesDana 6:A2:112.Ansermet (2012)Parker et al. (1973)Bracke (n.d.)Meisser (2012)Meisser (2012)
    Tajikistan
     
    Soboleva et al. (1957)+1 other referenceFluorite: The Collector's Choice. Extra ...Fluorite: The Collector's Choice. Extra ...Badalov et al. (1975)Turlychkin et al. (1972)
    UK
     
    Alabaster (1978)+1 other referenceDay (1999)Day (1999)Golley et al. (1995)Elton et al. (2004)Golley et al. (1995)Green et al. (1997)G.Curtis private collectionGolley et al. (1995)Golley et al. (1995)Day (1999)Peter Todhunter collection+1 other referenceKingsbury et al. (MS)+3 other referencesHartley (1984)+2 other referencesRothwell et al. (1992)+1 other referenceMike Leppington collection (visual identification)Cooper et al. (1990)+1 other referenceBridges et al. (2011)Cooper et al. (1990)Cooper et al. (1990)+1 other referencePaul Nicholson- (1875)+1 other referenceDay (1999)Cooper et al. (1990)- (1875)+6 other referencesKingsbury et al. (MS)+3 other referencesCooper et al. (1990)Davidson et al. (1951)+2 other referencesBriscoe et al. (2008)Andrew Hodgson collection.Day (1999)Russell (1944)+1 other referenceDay (1999)Day (1999)M.Wirth collection (Manchester Univ.)Day (1999)BMS Collection+2 other referencesFord et al. (1993)Ford et al. (1993)+1 other referenceFord et al. (1993)Ford et al. (1993)+1 other referenceFord et al. (1993)Ford et al. (1993)Sorrell (n.d.)Wolfe et al. (2008)Day (1999)Day (1999)Day (1999)Day (1999)Turner (2006)+1 other referenceSpencer (1923)+3 other referencesHall (1868)Day (1999)Rust (1995)Day (1999)Day (1999)Williams (1973)+1 other referenceBraithwaite et al. (1990)Day (1999)Goodchild (1875)+4 other referencesDay (1999)R. S. W. Braithwaite and J. R. Knight (1990)+1 other referenceDay (1999)Steve Rust collectionS. Rust collection.Day (1999)Russell (1946)+1 other referenceDay (1999)Schrauf (1871)+1 other referenceBMS CollectionS.Rust CollectionDay (1999)Rob BowellRothwell et al. (1992)+1 other referenceDay (1999)Day (1999)Braithwaite et al. (Powys)+1 other referenceDay (1999)Day (1999)[MinRec 13:151-153Day (1999)Rust et al. (1988)Day (1999)Day (1999)Day (1999)S.Rust collectionDay (1999)Day (1999)Jones (1987)Steve Rust collectionGreen et al. (1996)+1 other referenceDay (1999)Day (1999)Mason et al. (1997)Day (1999)BMS Collection+1 other referenceS.Rust CollectionDay (1999)National Museum of Wales database+1 other referenceDay (1999)Chris Popham CollectionS. Rust collectionDay (1999)Day (1999)
    USA
     
    Mason (1976)Graeme (1981)+1 other referenceAnthony et al. (1995)Graeme (1993)+1 other referenceRon Layton self collectedRocks & Min.: 16:133+5 other referencesLuetcke (n.d.)Wilson (1941)+2 other referencesLuetcke (n.d.)Luetcke (n.d.)Luetcke (n.d.)Anthony et al. (1995)MRDS database Dep. ID file #10026902Luetcke (n.d.)Endlich (1897)+2 other referencesButler et al. (1938b)+1 other referenceLuetcke (n.d.)Dana 6:1093.Dana 6:1093.+1 other referenceRob BowellRob BowellLuetcke (n.d.)- (1973)MRDS database Dep. ID file #10039571Bob GriffisLuetcke (n.d.)Luetcke (n.d.)King et al. (1990)+1 other referenceLuetcke (n.d.)Luetcke (n.d.)Dana 6: 1093.Rocks & Min.:63:329.+4 other referencesRocks & Min.: 65: 17 & 24.+2 other references- (1951, July)+4 other referencesMRDS database Dep. ID file #10046274Galbraith (1959)+2 other referencesLuetcke (n.d.)Luetcke (n.d.)Luetcke (n.d.)Robert Jenkins Raman SpectroscopyMRDS database Dep. ID file #10039696Luetcke (n.d.)Gornitz (2004)Ross (1925a)+2 other referencesAllen (1921c)+3 other referencesMRDS database Dep. ID #10046325Ross (1925a)+5 other referencesAllen (1921c)+3 other referencesRoss (1925a)Anthony et al. (1995)+1 other referenceMRDS database Dep. ID #10098361MRDS database Dep. ID #10102439Ross (1925a)+2 other referencesUniv. AZ Bull. 41 (1916-17)MRDS database Dep. ID #10027318MRDS database Dep. ID #10037131Peterson (1962)Anthony et al. (1995)Peterson (1962)Wilson (1971)MRDS database Dep. ID #10027459Peterson (1962)Peterson (1947)+2 other referencesPeterson (1962)+1 other referenceWilliams (1981)MRDS database Dep. ID #10046305MRDS database Dep. ID #10039442Simons (1964)+1 other referenceMRDS database Dep. ID #10098427MRDS database Dep. ID #10039441MRDS database Dep. ID #10039440Ross (1925a)+6 other referencesBesse (1981)Galbraith (1959)+2 other referencesMRDS database Dep. ID #10048129Bideaux et al. (1960)+1 other referenceMRDS database Dep. ID #10048132Luetcke (n.d.)Specimens collected by Mike Shannon and ...Paul Favia collectionKeith (1978)Wilson (1933)MRDS database Dep. ID file #10027677Posted by Jerry A. BairdAnthony et al. (1995)Hunt (1983)Luetcke (n.d.)Bancroft et al. (1990)Wilson (1933)+1 other referenceBancroft et al. (1990)+1 other referenceWilson (1933)+4 other referencesWilson (1933)Rocks & Min.: 65:20.+2 other referencesWilson (1933)+3 other referencesDavid Busha collectionKeith (1978)Rocks & Min.: 61:55-56+12 other referencesDana 6: 1094.Wilson (1933)+1 other referenceWilson (1933)Wilson (1933)+1 other referenceMRDS database Dep. ID file #10095031Wilson (1933)+1 other referenceMRDS file #10102522.MRDS file #10009776.Celestian (n.d.)Rick Dalrymple CollectionSilliman (1881)+2 other referencesGranger (1962)Allen et al. (1988)+1 other referenceRocks & Min.: 62: 336 & 338.+8 other referencesKampf et al. (2019)+1 other referenceFlagg (1942)+1 other referenceCelestian (n.d.)Celestian (n.d.)Ron LaytonMRDS file #10056391.Dana 6:1094.Dana 7:II:561.+1 other referenceC. LemanskiAnthony et al. (1995)Luetcke (n.d.)Anthony et al. (1995)Williams (1982)MRDS file #10037093.Anthony et al. (1995)MRDS file #10027637.MRDS file #10027926.MRDS file #10027915.MRDS file #10027919.MRDS file #10027937.Roe et al. (1980)+1 other referenceMRDS file #10037087.+1 other referenceCollection of Kelly StarnesGalbraith (1959)+2 other referencesDeaderick (1980)Theodore et al. (1987)Theodore et al. (1987)Theodore et al. (1987)Theodore et al. (1987)Theodore et al. (1987)Mr. Jerry A. BairdLuetcke (n.d.)Luetcke (n.d.)Theodore et al. (1987)Theodore et al. (1987)Theodore et al. (1987)Theodore et al. (1987)Luetcke (n.d.)Theodore et al. (1987)Theodore et al. (1987)Theodore et al. (1987)Theodore et al. (1987)MRDS database Dep. ID file #10037129Ronald C. RenderAnthony et al. (1995)Williams et al. (1963)+1 other referenceAnthony et al. (1995)Anthony et al. (1995)Personally collected by Donn Cuson in ...- (1951, July)+2 other referencesSchrader (1915)+2 other referencesArizona Bureau of Mines file data+4 other references- (1915)+5 other referencesSorrell (n.d.)Luetcke (n.d.)+1 other referenceSchrader (1917)+1 other referenceAnthony et al. (1995)Luetcke (n.d.)Luetcke (n.d.)Luetcke (n.d.)Collected by Mark Ascher Sight ...Yang et al. (2025)Ransome (1922)+2 other referencesMRDS database Dep. ID file #10039556Ransome (1922)+3 other referencesRansome (1922)+3 other referencesRansome (1922)+3 other referencesRansome (1922)+2 other referencesMRDS database Dep. ID file #10039575Wilson et al. (1950)Galbraith (1947)JD MizerStewart (1912)+2 other referencesKeith (1974)+1 other referenceLuetcke (n.d.)MRDS database Dep. ID file #10039918MRDS database Dep. ID file #10039914Anthony et al. (1995)Rocks & Min.: 63:310+9 other referencesMRDS database Dep. ID file #10039773MRDS database Dep. ID file #10039880Anthony et al. (1995)Univ. AZ Bull. 41 (1916-17)+3 other referencesKuhn (1951)+1 other referenceMRDS database Dep. ID #10039463MRDS database Dep. ID #10109777MRDS database Dep. ID 10088906MRDS database Dep. ID #10026811+1 other referenceMRDS database Dep. ID #10037116+1 other referenceMRDS database Dep. ID #10097144MRDS database Dep. ID #10037122+1 other referenceMRDS database Dep. ID #10046287Bancroft et al. (1990)MRDS database Dep. ID #10048302Collection of Barry MurphyDana 6: 922.Rocks & Min.:57:5-10 & 65:22.+3 other referencesPalache (1941)+2 other referencesMRDS database Dep. ID #10048300Specimen in Richard Dale collectionWilson (1984)+1 other referenceMRDS database Dep. ID #10088609Wilson (1941)Wilson (1941)MRDS database Dep. ID #10037115+1 other referenceSight identification by C. Lemanski et al. (2008)MRDS database MRDS ID #M050188MRDS database Dep. ID #10046277Mindat photo 101657Wilson et al. (1950)Jones et al. (1920)+1 other referenceWilson et al. (1934)Barnes et al. (1983)Galbraith (1959)Galbraith (1959)+1 other referenceBetts (n.d.)Williams et al. (1970)+1 other referenceAnthony et al. (1995)Luetcke (n.d.)MRDS database Dep. ID file #10046334Nelson (1963)+2 other referencesSelf-collected by C. LemanskiMRDS database Dep. ID file #10103551Schrader (1917)+2 other referencesSchrader (1915)+2 other referencesSchrader (1915)+3 other referencesSchrader (1915)+2 other referencesMRDS database Dep. ID file #10102403Anthony et al. (1995)Schrader (1915)+3 other referencesSchrader (1915)Luetcke (n.d.)Anthony et al. (1995)Schrader (1915)+2 other referencesMuntyan (2012)Schrader (1915)+2 other references14: 299-306.+5 other referencesLuetcke (n.d.)Schrader (1915)+2 other referencesSchrader (1915)Schrader (1915)+2 other referencesPellegrin (1911)+1 other referenceM Massis collectionAnthony et al. (1995)Gardner et al. (2000)Krieger (1965)Anthony et al. (1995)MRDS database Dep. ID #10109860Anderson et al. (1955)Anderson et al. (1955)MRDS database Dep. ID #10024117Jahns (1952)Jahns (1952)Galbraith (1959)Anthony et al. (1995)- (1951, July)+1 other referenceBracke (n.d.)Wilson (1933)+1 other referenceFoshag (1919)+3 other referencesKeith (1978)Keith (1978)Keith (1978)Keith (1978)Keith (1978)MRDS database Dep. ID file #10037073Keith (1978)MRDS database Dep. ID #10060289MRDS database Dep. ID file #10060288Wilson (1933)+3 other referencesMRDS database Dep. ID file #10060290MRDS database Dep. ID file #10060287MRDS database Dep. ID file #10027239MRDS database Dep. ID file #10037072Honea (1959)+2 other referencesWilson (1933)Arkansas Geological CommissionSmith (1988)Josh Varnedore CollectionMineral WebzineMurdoch (1966)Robert E.Walstrom CollectionWalstrom (n.d.)Walstrom (n.d.)Walstrom (n.d.)Walstrom (n.d.)USGS PP 368www.mineralsocal.org (1999)Hanks (1884)+5 other referencesPalache et al. (1951)Lavinsky (n.d.)Josephine Scripps collection #1973Rocks & Min.: 23:504-507.Mineral News: 16 (9)+1 other referenceMiners Lunchbox specimen 2014Calif. Div. of Mines & Geology Bull. #189 et al. (1966)Raymond (1869)+3 other referencesWalstrom (n.d.)Blake (1867b)+2 other referencesWheeler (1872)+1 other referenceCal Div of Mines Sp Rpt 34 "Geology of ...+1 other referenceUSGS Bull 540+10 other referencesCalifornia Division of Mines and ...Murdoch (1966)McAllister (1955)+3 other referencesMcAllister (1955)+3 other referencesMcAllister (1955)+3 other referencesHall (1963)+2 other referencesTucker (1926)+4 other referencesOrcutt (1890)+1 other referenceHanks (1884)+1 other referenceHess (1910)+1 other referenceRansome (1940)+1 other referenceMurdoch (1966)Murdoch et al. (1966)Turner (1896)+1 other referenceDunning et al. (2005)CDMG OFR 94-11 " Mineral Land ...CDMG OFR 94-11 " Mineral Land ...CDMG OFR 94-11 Mineral Land ...CDMG OFR 94-11 " Mineral Land ...Saul et al. (1970)+1 other referenceCDMG OFR 94-11 Mineral Land ...Pemberton (1983)+1 other reference[micromounts@yahoogroups.com]Saul et al. (1970)+2 other referencesCDMG OFR 94-11 " Mineral Land ...Orcutt (1901)+1 other referenceDr. Robert HousleyField trip informationBulletin of the Mineralogical Society ...+2 other referencesMurdoch et al. (1966)Woodford (1928)+1 other referenceTucker et al. (1943)+2 other referencesBulletin of the Mineralogical Society ...+2 other referencesMayo (1972)Tucker et al. (1943)+2 other referencesHawley et al. (1960)USGS Open File report 2010-522027th Report of the State Mineralogist+3 other referencesStorms (1893)+1 other reference27th Report of the State Mineralogist+3 other referencesWartman (1921)+1 other referenceBaird (2014)Pemberton (1983)+1 other referenceKampf et al. (2010)Kampf et al. (2010)Joe Marty specimens+1 other referenceThorne (n.d.)Thorne (n.d.)Thorne (n.d.)+1 other referenceThorne (n.d.)Thorne (n.d.)Crowley (1977)+4 other referencesThorne (n.d.)+1 other referenceCollected by and in the collection of ...Collected by and in the collection of ...Thorne (n.d.)Collected by and in the collection of ...Collected by and in the collection of ...Luetcke (n.d.)Murdoch et al. (1966)DeVito (1991)Rocks & Min.:65:59.Rocks & Min.: 65:59.Eckel et al. (1997)Rocks & Minerals 81:356-361Rocks & Min.:65:58.Rocks & Min.:65:58+1 other referenceRocks & Min.: 65: 58.Patrick HaynesEckel et al. (1997)Hanson et al. (2013)Eckel et al. (1997)Rocks & Min.:65:59.Eckel et al. (1997)Rocks & Min.: 65:59.+1 other referenceRocks & Min.: 65:61.Rocks & Min.: 65:61.Eckel et al. (1997)Rocks & Minerals 82:368-380Rocks & Minerals 82:368-380Rocks & Minerals 82:368-380Rocks & Minerals 81:356-361Rocks & Min.:65:59.Rocks & Min.:63:275-277 & 65:59.+1 other referenceEckel et al. (1997)Linda Semenyna P.Geo. (2014)Eckel et al. (1997)Januzzi (1959)Januzzi et al. (1976)+1 other referenceJanuzzi et al. (1976)Januzzi (1994)+2 other referencesSchooner (1961)+1 other referenceSegeler et al. (1985)Field observationsWeber et al. (1995)USGS Bull 470+1 other reference- (2005)Ream (2004)Ream (1995)Ream (1995)Ream (1995)Ream (1995)- (2005)Ream (1995)Ream (1995)Ream (2005)Ream (2004)Ream (1995)- (2005)Ream (2004)USGS PP1049-A (Staatz,1979)- (2005)Ream (1995)Ream (1995)Ream (1995)Ream (2004)King (n.d.)+1 other referenceKing et al. (1994)Jack SlagleG.Brewer Collection 1980 foundRocks & Minerals (1948)+1 other referenceFoster (1948)Januzzi et al. (1976)Travis Olds collection+1 other referenceTucker (2006)Tucker (2006)www.mineralnews.com (2002)Gobla (2012)Tucker (2006)Tucker (2006)Gobla (2012)Tucker (2006)- (2005)Winchell (1914)Tucker (2006)Tucker (2006)Tucker (2006)Gobla (2012)Winchell (1914)Krohn et al. (1977)Chris TuckerChris Tucker+1 other referencewww.christuckerminerals.com and Chris ...Gobla (2012)Gobla (2012)www.christuckerminerals.comGibson (2018)Chris TuckerTucker (n.d.)+1 other reference- (2005)USGS Bull 139Gobla (2012)Gobla (2012)Gobla (2012)Lanny Ream (2007)Weed (1912)Tiffany Ostenburg (2022)Robert E.Walstrom Collection+1 other referenceJensen (1982)+1 other referenceWalstrom (n.d.)- (2005)Castor et al. (2004)Castor et al. (2004)Castor et al. (2004)Castor et al. (2004)+1 other referenceCastor et al. (2004)+1 other referenceLuetcke (n.d.)Schilling (1979)+2 other referencesSchilling (1979)+1 other referenceWalstrom (n.d.)Collected by Joe MartyLongwell et al. (1965)+1 other referenceLongwell et al. (1965)+1 other reference- (2005)Longwell et al. (1965)+1 other referenceLongwell et al. (1965)+1 other referenceSchilling (1979)Castor et al. (2004)- (2005)MRDS Identification Number M242239+1 other referencePersonal collection of J. DagenaisSchilling (1979)+1 other referenceSchilling (1979)+1 other referenceHewett (1931)Longwell et al. (1965)+1 other referenceCastor et al. (2004)Longwell et al. (1965)+3 other referencesLongwell et al. (1965)+2 other referencesThorne (n.d.)Schilling (1979)+2 other referencesLongwell et al. (1965)+2 other referencesPersonally collected by Bruce Kelley on ...Hayes et al. (2008)Schilling (1979)+2 other referencesSchilling (1979)+2 other referencesSchilling (1979)+1 other referenceCastor et al. (2004)LaPointe et al. (199)- (2005)LaPointe et al. (199)Castor et al. (2004)Castor et al. (2004)Castor et al. (2004)USGS Open-File Report 76-56USGS Open-File Report 76-56+2 other referencesCastor et al. (2004)Castor et al. (2004)Schilling (1979)+1 other referenceNBMG Bull 78 Geology and Mineral ...+2 other referencesPeggy L. Smith (1983)- (2005)- (2005)Castor et al. (2004)Schilling (1979)+1 other referenceCastor et al. (2004)Castor et al. (2004)+1 other referenceSchilling (1979)+1 other reference- (2005)Castor et al. (2004)Castor et al. (2004)Rocks & Minerals. Nov. 1999.+2 other references- (2005)Specimen in the Carnegy Museum+1 other referenceCastor et al. (2004)Castor et al. (2004)Castor et al. (2004)Castor et al. (2004)Rocks & Minerals. Nov. 1999.- (2005)Kenneth ColemanDr. William S. Wise presentation to ...Castor et al. (2004)Castor et al. (2004)Castor et al. (2004)Rocks & Minerals. Nov. 1999.+2 other references- (2005)Martin Jensen (2011)Castor et al. (2004)Walstrom (n.d.)+1 other referenceCastor et al. (2004)Castor et al. (2004)Castor et al. (2004)Castor et al. (2004)Goudey (1952)Castor et al. (2004)Castor et al. (2004)Castor et al. (2004)- (2005)- (2005)Schilling (1979)+2 other referencesCastor et al. (2004)Kleinhampl et al. (1984)Schilling (1979)+3 other referencesCastor et al. (2004)- (2005)Castor et al. (2004)Rocks & Minerals. Nov. 1999.+1 other referenceSchilling (1979)Castor et al. (2004)- (2005)- (2005)Schilling (1979)+1 other reference- (2005)Castor et al. (2004)Castor et al. (2004)R&M 74:6 p380-390+1 other referenceWalstrom (n.d.)+1 other referenceRocks & Minerals. Nov. 1999.Castor et al. (2004)Castor et al. (2004)Castor et al. (2004)Castor et al. (2004)Castor et al. (2004)Smith (2005)Smith (2005)Smith (2005)Rocks & Min. 80:256 (2005)Rocks & Min 80:247-248Smith (2005)Personally collected by Modris Baum & ...Dunn (1995)Patrick HaynesDunham (1935)+1 other referenceNorthrop (n.d.)+1 other referenceGlover et al. (1975)+1 other referenceJerry Cone CollectionD.Court collectionPatrick HaynesSorrell (n.d.)- (2005)Farrington (1900)+3 other referencescollected by & in collection of Jay PennDeMark (1989)Ramon S. DeMark (1998)Jerry Cone CollectionGillerman (1964)Walstrom (n.d.)USGS Map I-1310-B Mineral Deposit Map ...+2 other referencesUSGS Map I-1310-B Mineral Deposit Map ...+2 other referencesWalstrom (n.d.)Walstrom (n.d.)USGS Map I-1310-B Mineral Deposit Map ...+3 other referencesUSGS Map I-1310-B Mineral Deposit Map ...+3 other referencesUSGS Map I-1310-B Mineral Deposit Map ...+2 other referencesWalstrom (n.d.)+2 other referencesUSGS Map I-1310-B Mineral Deposit Map ...+1 other referenceWalstrom (n.d.)Walstrom (n.d.)M Massis collectionMinerals of the Ground Hog Mine Grant ...+1 other referenceRocks & Min.: 7:124.Walstrom (n.d.)Rocks & Minerals 83:1 pp 34-432009 New Mexico Mineral Symposium ...+1 other reference- (2005)RS Demark collection+1 other reference2009 New Mexico Mineral Symposium ...Walstrom (n.d.)Walstrom (n.d.)M Massis collection+1 other referenceDeMark (2004)Walstrom (n.d.)Walstrom (n.d.)Walstrom (n.d.)Walstrom (n.d.)Walstrom (n.d.)Walstrom (n.d.)NMBMMR New Mexico Mineral symposium (2003)Twenty-fourth Annual New Mexico Mineral ...R&M 77:5 p298-305NMBMMR New Mexico Mineral symposium (2003)Luetcke (n.d.)Jay Penn collectionpersonally collected Eckhard D. Stuart ...USGS Map I-1310-B Mineral Deposit Map ...2009 New Mexico Mineral Symposium ...+1 other referenceWalstrom (n.d.)2009 New Mexico Mineral Symposium ...2009 New Mexico Mineral Symposium ...+1 other reference2009 New Mexico Mineral Symposium ...+1 other referenceUSGS Map I-1310-B Mineral Deposit Map ...+1 other reference2009 New Mexico Mineral Symposium ...+1 other reference2009 New Mexico Mineral Symposium ...+1 other referenceWalstrom (n.d.)Robert E.Walstrom CollectionWalstrom (n.d.)2009 New Mexico Mineral Symposium ...+1 other reference2009 New Mexico Mineral Symposium ...+1 other referenceWalstrom (n.d.)Walstrom (n.d.)2009 New Mexico Mineral Symposium ...Walstrom (n.d.)2009 New Mexico Mineral Symposium ...+1 other reference2009 New Mexico Mineral Symposium ...+1 other reference2009 New Mexico Mineral Symposium ...+1 other referenceMin News 20:6 p8+1 other referenceNMBMGMR Open-file Report - 532R&M 71:1 p66-68NMBMMR OFR 183+1 other referencePatrick HaynesDeMark (1980)+1 other referencePatrick Haynes. Self collected from the ...NMBMGMR Open-file Report - 532Personally collected by Erin DelventhalWalstrom (n.d.)Walstrom (n.d.)Walstrom (n.d.)Walstrom (n.d.)Walstrom (n.d.)Walstrom (n.d.)Walstrom (n.d.)Walstrom (n.d.)Walstrom (n.d.)DeMark (1989)Walstrom (n.d.)Walstrom (n.d.)Personal communication from Robert E. ...+1 other referenceWalstrom (n.d.)DeMark (1989)Walstrom (n.d.)Walstrom (n.d.)Walstrom (n.d.)Northrop et al. (1996)+1 other referenceWalstrom (n.d.)+2 other referencesMichael C Michayluk Collection+1 other referenceWalstrom (n.d.)Walstrom (n.d.)Northrop et al. (1996)Northrop et al. (1996)All minerals were personally collectedElston (1968)5th Annual New Mexico Mineral Symposium (1985)+2 other referencesNorthrop et al. (1996)R & J DeMark Minerals of the Carnahan ...Northrop et al. (1996)Harley (1934)+1 other referenceNMBMMR Memoir 49 Geology of the Caballo ...+1 other referenceNMBMMR Memoir 49 Geology of the Caballo ...+1 other referenceNMBMMR Memoir 49 Geology of the Caballo ...Alan HeylJerry Cone CollectionD. Wells collectionHenry L. Jicha (1954)+1 other referenceHenry L. Jicha (1954)- (2005)NMBMMR New Mexico Mineral symposium (2001)M Massis collection+1 other referenceDeMark (1989)Jerry Cone CollectionNorthrop et al. (1996)Northrop et al. (1996)+1 other referenceNorthrop et al. (1996)Northrop et al. (1996)Northrop et al. (1996)NMBMMR Bull 37 Geology and Mineral ...NMBMMR Bull 37 Geology and Mineral ...+1 other referenceNorthrop et al. (1996)Northrop et al. (1996)Northrop et al. (1996)Northrop et al. (1996)Northrop et al. (1996)M Massis collection+1 other referenceR&M 78:6 pp380-389Matteo Chinellato photoJerry Cone CollectionM Massis collectionM Massis collectionD. Wells collection+1 other referenceDeMark et al. (1999)- (2005)M Massis collectionRolf LuetckeNorthrop et al. (1996)NMBMMR New Mexico Mineral symposium (2003)New Mexico Bureau of Geology Mineral ...Loughlin et al. (1942)Patrick HaynesM Massis collectionNMBMMR New Mexico Mineral symposium (2003)NMBMMR New Mexico Mineral symposium (2003)R&M 66:1 p56-63R&M 66:1 p56-63Min News 21:7 p 12Rocks & Min.: 64: 57.+3 other referencesR&M 66:1 p56-63Lee (1824)NY State Museum spec. no. 19307+1 other referenceNew York State Museum mineral collection+1 other referenceRocks & Min.: 13:99.+1 other referenceJason B. Smith visual I.D+1 other referenceJason B. Smith collectionKenny Gay personal message ( Reported by Bob Cook)Smith et al. (1977)Sloto (1989)Sloto (1989)Rocks & Min.:9:21.MatrixSloto (1989)The Mineralogy of Pennsylvania+4 other referencesRocks & Minerals: 20: 319.Dana 6:1069+1 other referenceBoucot (1949)Smith (1977)Smith (1977)Rocks & Min.: 17:344.- (2005)Miller (1971)+1 other referenceSmith et al. (2000)Smith et al. (2000)Smith et al. (2000)Emmons et al. (1885)+1 other referenceRocks & Min.: 60:111.Smith et al. (2000)Roberts et al. (1965)Zach Berghorst CollectionRocks & Min.:60:112.www.omsinc.org (2008)Smith (1991)Smith (1991)- (2005)Smith (1991)Smith (1991)Smith (1991)Smith (1991)Smith (1991)Smith (1991)Smith (1991)Smith (1991)Collected by Otto Reiter.Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)- (2005)Butler (1913)+3 other referencesButler (1913)Bullock (1981)+1 other referenceBullock (1981)- (2005)Bullock (1981)- (2005)Joe Marty et al. (1999)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)+1 other reference- (2005)- (2005)Dana 7:II:1085+2 other references- (2005)MarekC (2019)Page et al. (1956)+2 other referencesBullock (1981)+1 other referenceIn the collection of Alex EarlStaargaard (2009)- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)Collected by Otto Reiter.Bullock (1981)+1 other referenceThorne (n.d.)+1 other referenceDana 6: 1092.Bullock (1981)+1 other reference- (2005)- (2005)Rocks & Min.: 65:18.Collected by and in the collection of ...USGS Bull 340D+1 other referenceDana 7:I:596+4 other referencesCalkins+6 other referencesBullock (1981)+2 other referencesBullock (1981)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)+1 other referenceDana 6:1092-1093.Bullock (1981)Dana 6: 1092.R&M 65:1 p10-30R&M 68:6 p372-380+1 other referenceBullock (1981)+1 other referenceBullock (1981)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)+1 other referenceBullock (1981)Kokinos et al. (1993)Kokinos et al. (1993)Bullock (1981)+1 other referenceThorne (n.d.)- (2005)Bullock (1981)+1 other referenceRocks & Minerals 83:1 pp 52-62- (2005)Bullock (1981)- (2005)Thorne (n.d.)Collection of Alex EarlKearns et al. (2016)Dietrich (1990)Rocks&Min. 47:587 (1972)Kearns+2 other references- (2005)Micro Probe Volume VI Number 8+1 other referenceCannon (1975)+1 other referenceValentine et al. (1960)+2 other referencesAnaconda Mining Company Collectionpersonal identification with Bart CannonValentine et al. (1960)+2 other referencesValentine et al. (1960)+2 other references- (2005)- (2005)Hausel et al. (2001)Hausel et al. (2001)
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    Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
    Zambia
     
    Korowski et al. (1980)
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