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Tetradymite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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From Greek "tetra", four, and a contraction of "didymos", twin, alluding to its usual occurrence as fourling twins.
Type Locality:
ⓘŽupkov occurrences, Župkov, Žarnovica District, Banská Bystrica Region, Slovakia
Tetradymite Group. One of many Bi-Te-S phases known.


Unique Identifiers

Classification of Tetradymite

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
D : Metal Sulfides, M: S = 3 :4 and 2:3
C : Variable M:S
Dana 8th ed.:
2.11.7.1

2 : SULFIDES
11 : AmBnXp, with (m+n):p = 2:3
Hey's CIM Ref.:
3.7.29

3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
7 : Sulphides etc. of V, As, Sb and Bi

Mineral Symbols
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Bright steel-gray, tin-white, tarnishes iridescent to dull
Streak:
Pale steel-gray
Hardness:
1½ - 2 onMohs scale
Hardness:
VHN25=30 - 44 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Tenacity:
Flexible
Cleavage:
Perfect
On {0001}
Density:
7.3 g/cm3 (Measured)    7.271 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of Tetradymite
Common Impurities:
Se,Au,Cu,Pb

Crystallography of Tetradymite
Click on an icon to view
Tetradymite - {012}, {001}, {101}
3d models and HTML5 code kindly provided bywww.smorf.nl.

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Edge Lines |Miller Indices |Axes

Transparency
Opaque |Translucent |Transparent

View
Along a-axis |Along b-axis |Along c-axis |Start rotation |Stop rotation

Crystal Structure

Synonyms of Tetradymite

Other Language Names for Tetradymite

Relationship of Tetradymite to other Species
Other Members of Tetradymite Group:
BaksaniteBi6Te2S3Trig.3m(32/m) :P3m1
EhrigiteBi8Te3Trig.3m(32/m) :R3m
HedleyiteBi7Te3Trig.3m(32/m) :R3m
IkunoliteBi4S3Trig.3m(32/m) :R3m
IngoditeBi2TeSTrig.
Joséite-ABi4TeS2Trig.3m(32/m) :R3m
Joséite-BBi4Te2STrig.3m(32/m) :R3m
KawazuliteBi2Te2SeTrig.3m(32/m) :R3m
LaitakariteBi4(Se,S)3Trig.3m(32/m) :R3m
ParaguanajuatiteBi2Se3Trig.3m(32/m) :R3m
PilseniteBi4Te3Trig.3m(32/m) :R3m
SkippeniteBi2TeSe2Trig.
SulphotsumoiteBi3Te2STrig.3m(32/m) :P31m
TellurantimonySb2Te3Trig.3m(32/m) :R3m
TellurobismuthiteBi2Te3Trig.3m(32/m) :R3m
TelluronevskiteBi3TeSe2Trig.3m(32/m) :P3m1
TsumoiteBiTeTrig.3m(32/m) :P31m
VihorlatiteBi24Se17Te4Trig.3m(32/m) :P3m1
ZipseriteBi5S4Trig.3m(32/m) :R3m

Common AssociatesTrig.3m(32/m) :R3m2.DC.05ParaguanajuatiteBi2Se3Trig.3m(32/m) :R3m2.DC.05TelluronevskiteBi3TeSe2Trig.3m(32/m) :P3m12.DC.05HedleyiteBi7Te3Trig.3m(32/m) :R3m2.DC.05HitachiitePb5Bi2Te2S6Trig. 3m :P3m12.DC.05TellurantimonySb2Te3Trig.3m(32/m) :R3m2.DC.05JoséiteBi4TeS2Trig.3m(32/m) :R3m2.DC.05TellurobismuthiteBi2Te3Trig.3m(32/m) :R3m2.DC.05Joséite-ABi4TeS2Trig.3m(32/m) :R3m2.DC.05Joséite-BBi4Te2STrig.3m(32/m) :R3m2.DC.05NevskiteBi(Se,S)Trig.2.DC.05ProtojoséiteBi3(Te,S)2Trig.2.DC.05SkippeniteBi2TeSe2Trig.2.DC.05KawazuliteBi2Te2SeTrig.3m(32/m) :R3m2.DC.05UM1983-09-S:BiPbTePbBi3S2Te2.DC.05PilseniteBi4Te3Trig.3m(32/m) :R3m2.DC.05SztrókayiteBi3TeS22.DC.05BaksaniteBi6Te2S3Trig.3m(32/m) :P3m12.DC.05Joséite-CBi16Te3S92.DC.05VihorlatiteBi24Se17Te4Trig.3m(32/m) :P3m12.DC.05TsumoiteBiTeTrig.3m(32/m) :P31m2.DC.05IkunoliteBi4S3Trig.3m(32/m) :R3m2.DC.05EhrigiteBi8Te3Trig.3m(32/m) :R3m2.DC.05IngoditeBi2TeSTrig.2.DC.05SulphotsumoiteBi3Te2STrig.3m(32/m) :P31m2.DC.15CastaingiteCuMo2S5Hex.

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    • References for TetradymiteⓘZarkashan Au-Cu depositStephen G. Peters et al. (2011)+1 other reference
    Algeria
     
    Aouli Essaid (2015)
    Argentina
     
    Brodtkorb (2002)+3 other referencesSureda et al. (2010)Dina (1993)Cerny et al. (2003)Brodtkorb (2002)+2 other referencesPaar et al. (2000)Brodtkorb (2002)De Brodtkorb (2009)Marquez-Zavalia et al. (2012)Brodtkorb (2002)+2 other referencesZwahlen et al. (2014)Testa et al. (2018)
    Armenia
     
    Harris et al. (1973)+1 other referenceKolpakova et al. (2001)+2 other referencesMederer et al. (2019)
    Atlantic Ocean
     
    Firstova et al. (2019)
    Australia
     
    Hooke (1971)+1 other referenceDegeling (1982)Lawrence et al. (1998)David (1890)Gilligan (1975)Palache et al. (1951)Gilligan et al. (1995)Gilligan (1975)Graham-Ruzicka (2014)E. Stevens & R. Bottrillpart of list University of QueenslandQld Dept of Mines+1 other referenceHenry et al. (2022)Maitland (1919)Kalleske (2010)Palache et al. (1944)Simon (2019)Xue et al. (2014)- (2016)+3 other referencesFerguson (1999)Ferguson (1999)Ogilvie (2014)Mueller+3 other referencesSimpson (1948)Simpson (1948)Sung et al. (2007)+2 other referencesGrguric et al. (2006)Grguric et al. (2006)Simpson (1948)Simpson (1952)Simpson (1952)Hassan (2014)
    Austria
     
    Auer (2019)Günther et al. (2000)Niedermayr et al. (1995)Walter (2018)Paar et al. (2019)- (n.d.)Pichler (2009)Kofler (2000)Paar et al. (1998)IndraPaar et al. (1982)+1 other referenceNiedermayr et al. (1995)Exel (1993)Pichler (2009)Pichler (2009)F. Walter et al. (1998)Niedermayr et al. (1995)Pichler (2009)Kolitsch (2019)Strasser (1989)Strasser (1989)Auer (2021)PUTZ (2010)Makovicky et al. (2010)Putz+4 other referencesExel (1993)Strasser (1989)Strasser (1989)Strasser (1989)Strasser (1989)Feitzinger et al. (1995)Strasser (1989)+3 other referencesStrasser (1989)Strasser (1989)Strasser (1989)Strasser (1989)Gerald Gesselbauer (2010)
    Azerbaijan
     
    Int J Econ & Environ Geology Vol 1 (2)+1 other referenceMansurov et al. (2018)
    Belgium
     
    Van Wambeke (1954)+4 other references
    Bolivia
     
    Ahlfeld et al. (1964)+1 other referenceGordon (1946)Salomon Rivas y Federico Ahlfeld (1998)Ahlfeld et al. (1964)
    Brazil
     
    Jost et al. (2001)Oberthür et al. (2008)Souza et al. (2024)
    Bulgaria
     
    Cook et al. (2002)+1 other referenceCook et al. (2002)Singer et al. (2008)Cook et al. (2002)Kerestedjian (1997)Bogdanov et al. (1997)+2 other referencesSinger et al. (2008)Tsonev et al. (Eds.)+3 other referencesLips (2006)Singer et al. (2008)DobrevDobrevTerziev (1966)+1 other referenceLips (2006)Bogdanov et al. (2005)
    Canada
     
    albite alunite andalusite andesine ...Peatfield (n.d.)Peatfield (n.d.)+1 other referenceHora et al. (2006)Luetcke (n.d.)Montgomery (n.d.)Thompson (1949)Anthony et al. (1990)+1 other referenceMatsen et al. (not available online)+1 other referenceG E Ray et al. (1983)+2 other references- (n.d.)Anthony et al. (1990)Harris et al. (1968)Montgomery (n.d.)- (n.d.)Anthony et al. (1990)+1 other referenceSabina (1972)Richardson et al. (1996)Wehrle et al. (2023)Wehrle et al. (2023)WoodAmes et al. (2003)Ames et al. (2003)Ames et al. (2003)Hawley et al. (1962)+1 other referenceAmes et al. (2003)Ames et al. (2007)+2 other referencesKjarsgaard et al. (2010, June)Woodside (n.d.)Sabina (1991)Traill (1983)157-158.+1 other referenceSabina (2003)Geological Survey of Canada+2 other referencesSabina (1974)Sabina (2003)Sabina (2003)+1 other referenceDana 7:I:163.Sabina (2003)Sabina (2003)Sabina (2003)+1 other referenceSabina (2003)Sabina (2003)+1 other referenceSabina (2003)+1 other referenceSabina (2003)+1 other referenceSabina (2003)+1 other referenceEconomic Geology August 1+1 other referenceSabina (1974)Dana 7:I:163.Am Min (1948)Sabina (2003)Beaudin et al. (2024)Beaudin et al. (2024)Beaudin et al. (2024)Peatfield (n.d.)Barkov et al. (2008)obtained from E.M. GunnellKing et al. (1993)
    Chile
     
    HENLEY et al. (2011)
    China
     
    Yi Li and Youbin Liang (1993)Junwu Lu and Yuanfa Xia (2001)Zhao et al. (1999)Xiong et al. (2022)+1 other referenceRenzu Ning et al. (1981)Gritsenko et al. (2022)Gritsenko et al. (2022)Jianguo Yang et al. (2002)Teng et al. (2025)Jingwen Mao et al. (1999)Zhenru Zhang et al. (1987)Yi Li (2001)Bingjie Wei et al. (1986)Guo et al. (2024)Fenglian Nie et al. (2003)Wang et al. (2019)Gao et al. (2015)Wang et al. (2025)Zhang et al. (2024)Zhang et al. (2024)Xu et al. (2022)Shihua Li and Jinzhong Qi (2000)+1 other referenceWang et al. (2024)Jingwen Mao et al. (2002)王鹏 et al. (2016)Wanzhong Li (2011)Jian et al. (2015)+3 other referencesHuishou Ye et al. (2003)Zhenkuan Luo et al. (1992)+3 other referencesLiu et al. (2019)Zhao et al. (1999)Zhao et al. (1999)+1 other referenceHan et al. (2020)Han et al. (2020)Zhao et al. (1999)Guo et al. (2023)Shen et al. (2025)Minyun Sun et al. (1985)+2 other referencesYihong Sun and Xiangmei Ren (1986)Chen et al. (2022)+1 other referenceFeng Yuan et al. (2012)Xiangping et al. (2001)Xia Ai and Zengyi Chen (1993)Yingchen Ren (1986)+2 other referencesZhenru Zhang et al. (1987)Guo et al. (2023)Zongyao et al. (2005)Minzhi Yang (2006)Minzhi Yang (2006)Minzhi Yang (2006)Chengde Kang (1990)Shangquan Wu (1986)Liyan Zhang (1985)Matsuda (1969)Kai Zhang and Yongdong Shi (2000)Jinhua Hao et al. (2010)Wang et al. (2023)Qiu et al. (2009)Enkui Cao (1991)Pengyun Zhao et al. (2007)Laijun Wang (2001)+1 other referenceYuan Cong et al. (2005)+1 other referenceXiaofei Yu et al. (2007)Yuan et al. (2025)Chai et al. (2017)Zhimin Cao (1991)Xia et al. (2021)Yuchuan Chen et al. (1994)+5 other referencesYanguo Teng et al. (2000)+1 other referenceLijuan Ying et al. (2010)+1 other referenceXu et al. (2024)Huixia Song et al. (2007)+1 other referenceZhou et al. (2018)Zhou et al. (2016)+1 other referenceLiu et al. (2023)Ru et al. (2025)Mao et al. (2024)
    Czech Republic
     
    Lapis 2000 (4)Lapis 2000 (4)Sejkora et al. (2012)Zachariáš et al. (1997)LitochlebLitochleb et al. (střední Čechy)Litochleb et al. (2011)Šrein+5 other referencesPauliš et al. (2012)LitochlebC.Auer (2014)Sejkora et al. (2022)Zachariáš et al. (2014)MrázekLitochleb et al. (střední Čechy)Lapis 2002 (7/8)Fojt+1 other referenceMalec et al. (2013)Litochleb (jz. Čechy)+1 other referenceZachariáš et al. (2009)Litochleb J.: Zlatonosné žíly v ...
    Djibouti
     
    Moussa et al. (2019)
    DR Congo
     
    Deliens (1996)
    Ecuador
     
    I. Vikentyev et al. (2005)
    Finland
     
    Epigenetic gold occurrence in a Paleoproterozoic meta-evaporitic sequence in the Rompas-Rajapalot Au system et al. (1)+1 other referenceKinnunenwww.gsf.fi (2001)+1 other reference
    France
     
    PIERROT R. (1971)R. PierrotPIERROT R. (1971)R. PierrotR. PierrotR. PierrotR. PierrotR. PierrotR. PierrotR. PierrotR. PierrotR. PierrotPélisson (1989)Pélisson (1989)Cesbron et al. (1985)+1 other referenceChauris (2014)De Ascençao Guedes et al. (2001)Chauris (2014)Lheur et al. (2011)Wittern et al. (1997)Maurizot et al. (2020)C. Derré[R. PierrotA.LANDEL ET AL. (1970)R. Pierrot
    Georgia
     
    Ramaz Migineishvili (2005)
    Germany
     
    Habel (2009)
    Greece
     
    Leleu et al. (1973)Leleu et al. (1973)+1 other referenceKolitsch et al. (2015)+1 other referenceStergiou et al. (2021)Voudouris et al. (2018)Voudouris et al. (2011)Fornadel et al. (2011)Fornadel et al. (2011)Singer et al. (2008)Voudouris+4 other referencesVoudouris et al. (2018, July)Vavelidis et al. (1995)Fitros et al. (2017)+1 other reference
    Guyana
     
    Gabriel Voicu (1999)
    Hungary
     
    Sándor et al. (2005)Szakáll & GatterSzakáll & Jánosi. Minerals of HungaryKoch (1985)Majzlan et al. (2024)
    India
     
    Changkakoti et al. (1987)+1 other reference
    Indonesia
     
    Prendergast (2003)+1 other referencePrendergast (2003)Yuningsih (2010)+2 other references
    Italy
     
    Marchesini et al. (2025)+1 other referenceBernardelli et al. (2000)Bernardelli et al. (2000)Gamboni et al. (2021)
    Ivory Coast
     
    Boya et al. (2022)
    Japan
     
    Arribas et al. (2018)Ishibashi (1960)Masutomi Museum specimen (Kyoto)+1 other referenceKazuo Hiramatsu collection.+1 other referenceISHIYAMA et al. (1990)島倉広至 et al. (2015)+1 other referenceYUNINGSIH et al. (2018)+1 other referenceMatsukuma (1962)Yamada (2004)+1 other referenceSatoshi Matsubara et al. (2010)Petrov (n.d.)Izumino et al. (2015)SOEDA et al. (1978)Ishibashi (1960)+2 other referencesIZUMINO et al. (2013)+1 other reference
    Kazakhstan
     
    Filimonova et al. (1986)+1 other referenceKovalev et al. (2018)Miroshnikova A. et al. (2014)+1 other referencePekov (1998)Spiridonov (2014)Spiridonov (1982)Mozgova et al. (1994)Mozgova et al. (1994)Глоба В.А. Месторождение Манка - новый геолого-промышленный тип месторождений золота. // Изв. НАН РК et al. (403)Litvinovich et al. (1960)+2 other referencesBaibatsha et al. (2015)Baibatsha et al. (2015)+1 other reference
    Kosovo
     
    Kołodziejczyk et al. (2017)Mederski et al. (2021)
    Malaysia
     
    Li et al. (2015)Ariffin (2012)
    Mexico
     
    Stone+1 other referenceDana 7:I:164.- (1970)Gaines (1965)+1 other referenceWilliams S A (1985)+1 other referenceCanet et al. (2009)+1 other reference
    Myanmar
     
    Myint et al. (2022)Myint et al. (2022)Sasmaz et al. (2025)
    Nepal
     
    Kalin Kouzmanov et al. (2009)Kouzmanov et al. (2009)
    New Zealand
     
    Fraser (1910)Fraser (1910)Geology and Mineralisation of the ...
    North Korea
     
    Imai et al. (2000)
    Norway
     
    Ihlen (1978)Neumann (1985)Neumann (1985)Neumann (1985)Anthony et al. (1990)Ramdohr (1938)+1 other referenceAnalyzed at Natural History Museum (T-50.196-200)Nordrum (2006)Nordrum et al. (1995)Cook et al. (2007)Anthony et al. (1990)Neumann (1985)Neumann (1985)Amaliksen (1980)
    Papua New Guinea
     
    Noku et al. (2002)+1 other referenceEspi et al. (2005)+1 other reference
    Peru
     
    Crespo+4 other referencesAlfonso et al. (2023)
    Philippines
     
    Hermo et al. (2022)+1 other referenceFermor 2011: Ore Deposits in an ...
    Poland
     
    Pieczka et al. (2009)+1 other referenceLis et al. (1986)Lis et al. (1986)Singer et al. (2008)Harańczyk (1983)
    Portugal
     
    Cabri et al. (1998)+1 other reference
    Romania
     
    Mandarino (1996)+1 other referenceShimizu et al. (1998)+1 other referenceShimizu et al. (1998)Shimizu et al. (1998)Anthony et al. (1990)www.minerals-of-the-carpathians+1 other referenceCook et al. (2002)Anthony et al. (1990)+1 other referenceCook et al. (2002)Szakáll (2002)Anthony et al. (1990)Cook et al. (2002)Szakáll et al. (2010)Simon et al. (1995)Cook et al. (2003)+1 other referenceCook et al. (2005)Hirtopanu et al. (2015)Plotinskaya et al. (2009)+2 other references
    Russia
     
    Ettlinger et al. (1991)Potseluev et al. (2006)+1 other referenceНекипелова А.В. МИНЕРАЛОГИЯ И УСЛОВИЯ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ Сu-Au-Bi-TeМИНЕРАЛИЗАЦИИ СИНЮХИНСКОГО МЕСТОРОЖДЕНИЯ (ГОРНЫЙ АЛТАЙ)Cherkasova et al. (2015)Vakh et al. (2016)Vikentev (2016)Vikentev (2016)Chernyshov et al. (2009, November)Izvekova et al. (2021)Damdinov et al. (2022)Kasatkin et al. (2022)Kasatkin et al. (2025)Rogov et al. (2023)Rogov et al. (2023)Plotinskaya et al. (2020)Pekov (1998)Vikent’eva+6 other referencesPlotinskaya et al. (2020)Plotinskaya et al. (2014)+1 other referenceAmplieva (2008)Chitalin et al. (2023)Damdinov et al. (2016)Bindi et al. (2003)+1 other referenceBindi et al. (2003)Andreeva et al. (2013)Tolstykh et al. (2021)Takahashi+5 other referencesOkrugin (2004)[Der Aufschluss 1995:4 p163-180]+1 other referenceБуханова (2018)Popova et al. (1993)Anthony et al. (1990)Goryachev et al. (2014)Krinov D.I. et al. (2011)Kalinin (2021)Chernyavsky et al. (2012)+1 other referenceGrebennikova et al. (2023)+1 other referenceGvozdev et al. (2005)Kazachenko et al. (2006, July)Ivashchenko et al. (2011, September)[World of Stones 12:49]Kondratieva et al. (2021)Kondratieva et al. (2021)Kondratieva et al. (2021)Kondratieva et al. (2021)Zaitsev et al. (2019)Pekov (1998)Gamyanin+6 other referencesGvozdev (2002)Vikent'eva et al. (2016)Yarosh et al. (1955)Azovskova et al. (2013, January)Vikent’ev et al. (2006)Koroteev et al. (2017)Mineralogy of Ural: native elementsVikent’ev et al. (2006)Murzin et al. (1999)Kasatkin et al. (2021)Murzin et al. (1999)Gas’kov (2008)+1 other referenceKuzhuget et al. (2023)+1 other referenceKovalenker et al. (2018)Kovalev et al. (2019)Redin et al. (2015)+2 other referencesPekov (1998)Mineralogical Society of America - ...Kasatkin et al. (2014)Eremin et al. (2023)Eremin et al. (2014)Yurgenson et al. (2023)Gvozdev et al. (2020)Eremin et al. (2023)Lyubimtseva et al. (2018)+1 other referenceKrivitskaya et al. (2008)Prokof'ev et al. (2004)+2 other references
    Saudi Arabia
     
    Hakim et al. (1992)+1 other reference
    Serbia
     
    Slobodan A. Radosavljević et al. (2013)+1 other referenceRadosavljevic-Mihajlovic et al. (2007)
    Slovakia
     
    Ďuďa R. et al. (1993)Koděra (1986)Melnikov et al. (2009)Ferenc Š et al. (Kokava nad Rimavicou)Koděra (1986)Ragan M. et al. (veporikum)Bakoš F. et al. (Slovenské Rudohorie, veporikum)Sejkora J. et al. (Vtáčnik, Slovenská republika)+1 other referenceHaidinger (1831)+1 other referencePršek et al. (2008)Melnikov et al. (2009)Melnikov et al. (2009)Ferenc et al. (2021)Martin Števko-unpublishedKoděra (1986)Števko M. et al. (2014)Chovan M.+2 other references
    South Africa
     
    Cairncross et al. (1995)Cairncross et al. (1995)Manyeruke (2007)Cairncross et al. (1995)Cairncross (2004)
    South Korea
     
    Kim et al. (2012)+1 other referenceImai (1978)
    Spain
     
    Tornos et al. (1998)Georges FAVREAU collection and EDX ...
    Sweden
     
    Dobbe (1991)Dobbe (1991)Scherbina (1941)+1 other referenceAnalysis: XRD Thomas WitzkeAndersson et al. (2024)Andersson et al. (2024)Öhman et al. (2005)Öhman et al. (2005)+1 other referenceAndersson et al. (2024)Andersson et al. (2024)
    Switzerland
     
    Schweizer StrahlerStalder et al. (1998)
    Tajikistan
     
    Badalov et al. (1975)
    Tanzania
     
    Vos (2009)
    Turkey
     
    Özgür (1993)A. Willgallis et al. : "Se- and ...Sasmaz et al. (2025)ÇAĞATAY et al. (1990)ÇAĞATAY et al. (1990)
    UK
     
    Stanley et al. (1991)Greg et al. (1858)+5 other referencesLowry et al. (1994)Chapman et al. (2023)Chapman et al. (2023)Corkhill et al. (2010)University Museum Mineral Collection (former collection of Dr. Hugo Müller)+11 other references
    Ukraine
     
    USA
     
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