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Starkeyite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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Named in 1956 by Oliver Rudolph Grawe for the type locality, the Starkey Mine in Madison County, Missouri, USA.
Type Locality:
ⓘStarkey Mine, Madison County, Missouri, USA
Rozenite Group.
Closely related tocranswickite.

This is a rare mineral, found at only a few localities, then it is usually found as white to very pale yellow or very pale greenish white powdery efflorescences. Good crystals are extremely rare, perhaps unheard of.


Unique Identifiers
IMA Formula:
Mg(SO4) · 4H2O
First published:
1945
Type description reference:
Grawe, O.R. (1945) Pyrite deposits of Missouri. Starkeyite [FeSO4·H2O], a new mineral. Missouri Geological Survey and Water Resources, ser. 2: 30: 209-210.

Classification of Starkeyite

7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
C : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) without additional anions, with H2O
B : With only medium-sized cations
Dana 7th ed.:
29.6.6.2
Dana 8th ed.:
29.6.6.2

29 : HYDRATED ACID AND NORMAL SULFATES
6 : AXO4·xH2O
Hey's CIM Ref.:
25.3.3

25 : Sulphates
3 : Sulphates of Mg

Mineral Symbols
Transparency:
Translucent, Opaque
Colour:
White to very pale yellow or pale greenish white.
Streak:
White
Hardness:
2 - 3 onMohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
2 g/cm3 (Measured)    2.007 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of Starkeyite
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
none
Pleochroism:
Non-pleochroic

Chemistry of Starkeyite

Crystallography of Starkeyite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Dull white powdery efflorescence.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, 105610.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Dump material from a pyrite deposit in dolomite.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
DolomitePyrite
Reference:
Grawe, O.R. (1945) Pyrite deposits of Missouri. Starkeyite [FeSO4·H2O], a new mineral. Missouri Geological Survey and Water Resources, ser. 2: 30: 209-210.

Synonyms of Starkeyite

Other Language Names for Starkeyite

Varieties of Starkeyite

Relationship of Starkeyite to other Species
Other Members of Rozenite Group:
Aplowite(Co,Mn,Ni)SO4 · 4H2OMon. 2/m
BoyleiteZnSO4 · 4H2OMon. 2/m :P21/b
DrobeciteCdSO4 · 4H2OMon. 2/m :P21/m
IlesiteMn2+(SO4) · 4H2OMon. 2/m
RozeniteFeSO4 · 4H2OMon. 2/m :P21/b

Common AssociatesMon. 2/m :P21/m7.CB.02VoudourisiteCdSO4 · H2OMon. 2/m :P21/m7.CB.05SzmikiteMnSO4 · H2OMon. 2/m :B2/b7.CB.05SzomolnokiteFeSO4 · H2OMon. 2/m :B2/b7.CB.05CobaltkieseriteCoSO4 · H2OMon. 2/m :B2/b7.CB.05DwornikiteNi(SO4) · H2OMon. 2/m :B2/b7.CB.05KieseriteMgSO4 · H2OMon. 2/m :B2/b7.CB.05Poitevinite(Cu,Fe)SO4 · H2OTric.1 :P17.CB.05GunningiteZnSO4 · H2OMon. 2/m :B2/b7.CB.07SanderiteMgSO4 · 2H2OOrth. 222 :P2121217.CB.10BonattiteCuSO4 · 3H2OMon.m :Bb7.CB.12BelogubiteCuZn(SO4)2 · 10H2OTric.1 :P17.CB.15DrobeciteCdSO4 · 4H2OMon. 2/m :P21/m7.CB.15Aplowite(Co,Mn,Ni)SO4 · 4H2OMon. 2/m7.CB.15CranswickiteMgSO4 · 4H2OMon.m :Bb7.CB.15RozeniteFeSO4 · 4H2OMon. 2/m :P21/b7.CB.15IlesiteMn2+(SO4) · 4H2OMon. 2/m7.CB.15BoyleiteZnSO4 · 4H2OMon. 2/m :P21/b7.CB.20SiderotilFeSO4 · 5H2OTric.7.CB.20JôkokuiteMnSO4 · 5H2OTric.1 :P17.CB.20PentahydriteMgSO4 · 5H2OTric.1 :P17.CB.20ChalcanthiteCuSO4 · 5H2OTric.1 :P17.CB.25ChvaleticeiteMn(SO4) · 6H2OMon. 2/m :B2/b7.CB.25NickelhexahydriteNi(SO4) · 6H2OMon. 2/m :B2/b7.CB.25HexahydriteMgSO4 · 6H2OMon. 2/m :P2/m7.CB.25BianchiteZn(SO4) · 6H2OMon. 2/m :P2/m7.CB.25MoorhouseiteCo(SO4) · 6H2OMon. 2/m :B2/b7.CB.25FerrohexahydriteFeSO4 · 6H2OMon. 2/m :B2/b7.CB.30RetgersiteNiSO4 · 6H2OTet. 422 :P412127.CB.35Zincmelanterite(Zn,Cu,Fe)SO4 · 7H2OMon. 2/m :P21/b7.CB.35MelanteriteFe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2OMon. 2/m :P21/b7.CB.35Alpersite(Mg,Cu)(SO4) · 7H2OMon. 2/m :P21/b7.CB.35BieberiteCoSO4 · 7H2OMon. 2/m :P2/m7.CB.35BoothiteCuSO4 · 7H2OMon. 2/m :P21/b7.CB.35MallarditeMnSO4 · 7H2OMon. 2/m :P2/m7.CB.40EpsomiteMgSO4 · 7H2OOrth. 222 :P2121217.CB.40GoslariteZnSO4 · 7H2OOrth. 222 :P2121217.CB.40MorenositeNiSO4 · 7H2OOrth. 222 :P2121217.CB.45Meta-alunogenAl2(SO4)3 · 12H2OOrth.7.CB.45AlunogenAl2(SO4)3 · 17H2OTric.1 :P17.CB.50AluminocoquimbiteAl2Fe2(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2OTrig.3m(32/m) :P31c7.CB.50Lazaridisite3CdSO4 · 8H2OMon. 2/m :B2/b7.CB.52PararaisaiteCuMg[Te6+O4(OH)2] · 6H2OMon. 2/m :P21/b7.CB.55ParacoquimbiteFe4(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2OTrig.3 :R37.CB.55Rhomboclase(H5O2)Fe3+(SO4)2 · 2H2OOrth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m) :Pnma7.CB.55RaisaiteCuMg[Te6+O4(OH)2] · 6H2OMon. 2/m :B2/b7.CB.55CoquimbiteAlFe3(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2OTrig.3m(32/m) :P31c7.CB.57CaichengyuniteFe2+3Al2(SO4)6 · 30H2OMon.7.CB.60KorneliteFe2(SO4)3 · 7H2OMon. 2/m :P21/m7.CB.65QuenstedtiteFe2(SO4)3 · 11H2OTric.1 :P17.CB.70LauseniteFe2(SO4)3 · 5H2OMon. 2/m :P21/m7.CB.75RömeriteFe2+Fe3+2(SO4)4 · 14H2OTric.1 :P17.CB.75LishizheniteZnFe2(SO4)4 · 14H2OTric.1 :P17.CB.80RansomiteCuFe2(SO4)4 · 6H2OMon. 2/m :P21/b7.CB.85Dietrichite(Zn,Fe2+,Mn2+)Al2(SO4)4 · 22H2OMon. 2/m :P21/b7.CB.85HalotrichiteFeAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2OMon. 2 :P27.CB.85ApjohniteMn2+Al2(SO4)4 · 22H2OMon. 2/m :P21/b7.CB.85Redingtonite(Fe2+,Mg,Ni)(Cr,Al)2(SO4)4 · 22H2OMon. 27.CB.85PickeringiteMgAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2OMon. 2/m :P21/b7.CB.85BíliniteFe2+Fe3+2(SO4)4 · 22H2OMon. 2/m :P21/b7.CB.85Wupatkiite(Co,Mg,Ni)Al2(SO4)4 · 22H2OMon. 2/m :P21/b7.CB.90MeridianiiteMgSO4 · 11H2OTric.1 :P1

Other Information
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    • References for StarkeyiteⓘMt HardingLi et al. (2003)
    Argentina
     
    Peterson (2011)
    Australia
     
    Wilson et al. (2014)
    Austria
     
    Exel (1993)
    Canada
     
    Sabina (1972)Sabina (2003)+1 other referenceShang (2000)
    Chile
     
    Anthony (1997)Marta et al. (1996)Pueyo et al. (2021)+1 other reference
    China
     
    Shaoxiu (1991)Yanling Tang (2005)
    Costa Rica
     
    Ulloa et al. (2018)
    Czech Republic
     
    Matýsek et al. (2014)Matýsek et al. (2014)Hršelová et al. (2013)
    Greece
     
    Blaß et al. (1998)Lapis et al. (1999)Skarpelis et al. (2004)
    Hungary
     
    Szakáll: Minerals of Rudabánya+1 other referenceSzakáll: Minerals of Rudabánya+1 other referenceSzakáll: Minerals of Rudabánya+1 other referenceSándor et al. (2005)ACTA MIN. PETR. Suppl. Tomus XXXVIII.
    Iceland
     
    Carson (2015)
    India
     
    Sinha et al. (2003)
    Italy
     
    Del Caldo et al. (1973)C.L. Garavelli (1957)
    Japan
     
    Seki et al. (1987)- (n.d.)
    Lebanon
     
    Kruszewski (2019)
    Mexico
     
    Gazquez et al. (1)Yta et al. (2005)
    Morocco
     
    Hakkou et al. (2008)
    Namibia
     
    Dill et al. (2002)
    North Macedonia
     
    Rieck (1993)+1 other referenceBoev et al. (2015)
    Pakistan
     
    M. Qasim Jan et al. (1985)
    Peru
     
    Smuda+4 other references
    Poland
     
    Cabała et al. (2008)CiesielczukkParafiniuk et al. (2009)Kruszewski et al. (2020)
    Portugal
     
    Oliveira et al. (2024)
    Romania
     
    A. Januszewska PXRD data / Januszewska et al. (in preparation)
    Russia
     
    Cesnokov et al. (1998)Okrugin (2004)N.V. et al. (2019)Kasatkin et al. (2021)Kasatkin et al. (2014)
    Senegal
     
    Montoroi (1995)
    Slovakia
     
    Koděra (1986)ĎuďaKoděra (1986)
    Spain
     
    Valente et al. (2013)Romero et al. (2006)+1 other referenceBuey et al. (2025)Buey et al. (2025)Buey et al. (2025)FMF Forum
    Sweden
     
    The Sulfur Problem. Proceedings 8th ...+1 other reference
    Switzerland
     
    Romani (2000)Romani (2000)Romani (2000)Romani (2000)+1 other referenceAnalyses Nicolas Meisser (15/11/2017)
    Tunisia
     
    Smykatz-Kloss et al. (2010)
    Turkey
     
    Helvaci (1998)van Doesburg et al. (1982)
    UK
     
    Smith et al. (2014)
    Ukraine
     
    Dobrovolskaya T.I. (2004)
    USA
     
    Wenrich (1988)+1 other referenceAnthony et al. (1976)+1 other referenceDunning et al. (2002)Snetsinger (1973)+3 other referencesCalifornia Geology: 48 (5)Adams et al. (2014)Adams et al. (2014)Eckel et al. (1997)Eckel et al. (1997)Eckel et al. (1997)Eckel et al. (1997)Eckel et al. (1997)Eckel et al. (1997)Milton (1977)Heinrich et al. (2004)Am Min 41:662+3 other referencesCastor et al. (2004)Dunn (1995)Flohr et al. (1995)Rocks & Min.Dietrich (1990)Dietrich (1990)Dietrich (1990)Dietrich (1985)Dietrich (1990)Dietrich (1990)Kilburn et al. (1996)
    Zimbabwe
     
    Frei (2005)
    Mars
     
    Chipera et al. (2023)
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