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Sodalite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
This page kindly sponsored byJohn Kashuba
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The name reflects its sodium content.
Type Locality:
Sodalite Group. Also classed as afeldspathoid.

Ideally sodalite hasNa4Cl in the two cages in the unit cell. Unlikehaüyne andnosean, sodalite is virtually CO2-free (Bellatreccia et al., 2009).

In some sodalites, the aluminosilicate cages appear to contain only Na and Cl according to EDS spectra.
Unlikehaüyne andlazurite, Ca and K are seldom in the cages. The grey sodalites from Afghanistan contain minor K.
The white variety hackmanite is reported to contain S, but EDS studies show if it is there, it often occurs below detection limits (~1%) (R.W.M. Woodside, unpublished data).

The photoluminescence effect in sodalite may be connected with admixture of sulfur (presence of S enlarges the unit cell). Sodalite is also photochromic likely due to formation of F-centers (Zahoransky et al., 2016).




Unique Identifiers
First published:
1811

Classification of Sodalite

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
F : Tektosilicates without zeolitic H2O
B : Tektosilicates with additional anions
76.2.3.1

76 : TECTOSILICATES Al-Si Framework
2 : Al-Si Framework Feldspathoids and related species
17.3.3

17 : Silicates Containing other Anions
3 : Silicates with chloride (including aluminosilicates)

Mineral Symbols
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
All Colours
Comment:
Colourless, white, light yellow, green, light to very dark blue, gray, pink to violet
Streak:
White
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Poor/Indistinct
Poor on {110}
Fracture:
Sub-Conchoidal
Density:
2.27 - 2.33 g/cm3 (Measured)    2.31 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of Sodalite
Common Impurities:
Fe,Mn,K,Ca,H2O,S,Br

Crystallography of SodalitePrincess Sodalite mine, Bancroft, Ontario, Canada 395
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
3.63 Å(100)
6.30 Å(80)
2.10 Å(80)
2.57 Å(70)
2.38 Å(70)
1.569 Å(60)
1.480 Å(60)
Comments:
Ice River, British Columbia, Canada. ICDD 20-1070.

Geological Environment
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Nepheline Seyenite

Synonyms of Sodalite

Other Language Names for Sodalite

Varieties of SodaliteHackmaniteA variety ofsodalite showing tenebrescence (reversiblephotochromism). Hackmanite can be a deep pink, blue or purple but quickly fades to colourless when exposed to sunlight. The original colour can be restored quickly by exposure to short-wave ultraviol...MolybdosodaliteA variety of sodalite containing molybdenum oxide.

Relationship of Sodalite to other Species
Other Members of Sodalite Group:
Bolotinaite(Na7◻)(Al6Si6O24)F · 4H2OIso.43m :I43m
HaüyneNa3Ca(Si3Al3)O12(SO4)Iso.43m :P43n
LazuriteNa7Ca(Al6Si6O24)(SO4)(S3) · H2OIso.43m :P43n
NoseanNa8(Al6Si6O24)(SO4) · H2OIso.43m :P43n
SapozhnikoviteNa8(Al6Si6O24)(HS)2Iso.43m :P43n
SlyudyankaiteNa28Ca4(Si24Al24O96)(SO4)6(S6)1/3(CO2) · 2H2OTric. 1 :P1
Tsaregorodtsevite(N(CH3)4)(AlSi5O12)Orth. 222 :I222
VladimirivanoviteNa6Ca2(Al6Si6O24)(SO4,S3,S2,Cl)2 · H2OOrth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m)

Common AssociatesMon. 2/m :B2/b9.FB.Åsgruvanite-(Ce)Ce16Ca5Al(SiO4)6(AsO3)8(CO3)2Cl4F3(OH)2Trig.3m(32/m) :P3m19.FB.SteudeliteNa3(K17Ca7)Ca4(Al24Si24O96)(SO3)6F6 · 4H2OHex.6m2 :P62c9.FB.Wenlanzhangite-(Y)Y2V3+2V4+2(SiO4)2O4(OH)4Tric.1 :P19.FB.SlyudyankaiteNa28Ca4(Si24Al24O96)(SO4)6(S6)1/3(CO2) · 2H2OTric. 1 :P19.FB.Bolotinaite(Na7◻)(Al6Si6O24)F · 4H2OIso.43m :I43m9.FB.SapozhnikoviteNa8(Al6Si6O24)(HS)2Iso.43m :P43n9.FB.BetziteNa6Ca2(Al6Si6O24)Cl4Hex. 6 :P639.FB.05Quadridavyne(Na,K)6Ca2(Al6Si6O24)Cl4Hex. 6/m :P63/m9.FB.05SulfhydrylbystriteNa5K2Ca[Al6Si6O24](S5)2(SH)Trig. 3m :P31c9.FB.05Marinellite(Na,K)42Ca6(Al6Si6O24)6(SO4)8Cl2 · 3H2OTrig. 3m :P31c9.FB.05Afghanite(Na,K)22Ca10(Si24Al24O96)(SO4)6Cl6Trig. 3m :P31c9.FB.05Bystrite(Na,K)7Ca(Al6Si6O24)(S5)ClTrig. 3m :P31c9.FB.05Franzinite(Na,K)6Ca2(Al6Si6O24)(SO4)2 · 0.5H2OHex.9.FB.05KyanoxaliteNa7(Al6-xSi6+xO24)(C2O4)0.5+x · 5H2O (0 < x < 0.5)Hex. 6 :P639.FB.05Vishnevite(Na,K)8(Al6Si6O24)(SO4,CO3) · 2H2OHex. 6 :P639.FB.05Farneseite(Na,Ca,K)56(Al6Si6O24)7(SO4)12 · 6H2OHex. 6/m :P63/m9.FB.05Alloriite(Na,Ca,K)26Ca4(Al6Si6O24)4(SO4)6Cl6Trig. 3m :P31c9.FB.05Liottite(Na,K)16Ca8(Al6Si6O24)3(SO4)5Cl4Hex.6 :P69.FB.05DepmeieriteNa8(Al6Si6O24)(PO4,CO3)1-x · 3H2O (x<0.5)Hex. 6 :P639.FB.05Biachellaite(Na,Ca,K)8(Al6Si6O24)(SO4)2(OH)0.5 · H2OTrig. 3 :P39.FB.05Cancrinite(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2OHex. 6 :P639.FB.05CancrisiliteNa7(Al5Si7O24)(CO3) · 3H2OHex. 6mm :P63mc9.FB.05Fantappièite[Na82.5Ca33K16.5](Si99Al99O396)(SO4)33 · 4H2OTrig.3 :R39.FB.05CarbobystriteNa8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3) · 3.5H2OTrig. 3m :P31c9.FB.05MicrosommiteNa4K2Ca2(Al6Si6O24)(SO4)Cl2Hex. 622 :P63229.FB.05PitiglianoiteNa6K2(Al6Si6O24)(SO4) · 2H2OHex. 6 :P639.FB.05Tounkite(Na,Ca,K)8(Si6Al6)O24(SO4)2Cl · 0.5H2OHex. 622 :P62229.FB.05Balliranoite(Na,K)6Ca2(Si6Al6O24)Cl2(CO3)Hex. 6 :P639.FB.05Giuseppettite(Na,K,Ca)7-8(Al6Si6O24)(SO4,Cl)1-2Trig. 3m :P31c9.FB.05Sacrofanite(Na61K19Ca32)(Si84Al84O336)(SO4)26Cl2F6 · 2H2OHex.9.FB.05KircheriteNa5Ca2K(Al6Si6O24)(SO4)2 · 0.33H2OTrig. 32 :R329.FB.05HydroxycancriniteNa8(Al6Si6O24)(OH)2 · 2H2OHex. 6 :P639.FB.05Davyne(Na,K)6Ca2(Al6Si6O24)(Cl2,SO4)2Hex. 6/m :P63/m9.FB.10HaüyneNa3Ca(Si3Al3)O12(SO4)Iso.43m :P43n9.FB.10LazuriteNa7Ca(Al6Si6O24)(SO4)(S3) · H2OIso.43m :P43n9.FB.10DanaliteBe3Fe2+4(SiO4)3SIso.43m :P43n9.FB.10HelvineBe3Mn2+4(SiO4)3SIso.43m :P43n9.FB.10KamaishiliteCa2(Al2SiO6)(OH)2Tet.9.FB.10NoseanNa8(Al6Si6O24)(SO4) · H2OIso.43m :P43n9.FB.10GenthelviteBe3Zn4(SiO4)3SIso.43m :P43n9.FB.10BicchuliteCa2(Al2SiO6)(OH)2Iso.43m :I43m9.FB.10Tsaregorodtsevite(N(CH3)4)(AlSi5O12)Orth. 222 :I2229.FB.10VladimirivanoviteNa6Ca2(Al6Si6O24)(SO4,S3,S2,Cl)2 · H2OOrth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m)9.FB.10Tugtupite(BeAlSi)Na4(SiO4)3ClTet.4 :I49.FB.15MarialiteNa4Al3Si9O24ClTet. 4/m :I4/m9.FB.15MeioniteCa4Al6Si6O24CO3Tet. 4/m :I4/m9.FB.15Silvialite(Ca,Na)4(Al6Si6O24)(SO4,CO3)Tet. 4/m :I4/m

Fluorescence of Sodalite

Other InformationSyenitoid
  • Dioritoid
  • Gabbroid
  • Anorthositoid
  • Foid-syenitoid
  • Foid-dioritoid
  • Foid-gabbroid
  • Foidolite
  • Fine-grained ("volcanic") normal crystalline igneous rock
  • Anam-aegisodite
  • Porphyry
  • Internet Links for Sodalite
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  • References for SodaliteAnnersten, H., Hassib, A. (1979) Blue sodalite. The Canadian Mineralogist: 17: 39-46.

    Localities for SodaliteKokcha Valley[var: Hackmanite][www.thamesvalleyminerals.com][var: Hackmanite]Lavinsky (n.d.)Moore (2001)+2 other referencesRWMW CollectionRRUFF collection[var: Hackmanite]RWMW CollectionTVM SpecimenWoodside et al. (2014)Woodside (n.d.)Orris et al. (2002)
    Africa
     
    Dixey et al. (1937)+2 other references
    Angola
     
    Andrade (note preliminaire)+2 other referencesLapido-Loureiro+2 other referencesGonçalves+1 other referenceGoncalves (1965)Rodrigues+2 other references
    Antarctica
     
    Mishra (2015)Hiyagon et al. (1999)Harris et al. (1993)Smith (1959)sold by B. Quaritch [and others].+1 other referenceKimura et al. (1997)Kimura et al. (1997)+1 other referenceNardini et al. (2003)Gair (1967)+1 other referenceArmienti et al. (1991)SMITH (1954)+2 other referencesKyle (1981)Woolley (2019)LeMasurier (1990)+2 other references
    Argentina
     
    Pagano et al. (2016)+3 other references
    Armenia
     
    Atlantic Ocean
     
    Cornen (1982)+3 other references
    Australia
     
    Cundari (1973)+3 other referencesEggleton+3 other referencesBrown (1930)+1 other referenceRussell et al. (1997)Duggan (1990)Ikeda et al. (1996)Bell et al. (1979)+2 other referencesEverard et al. (2004)Taheri+1 other referenceBottrill (2021)Sutherland
    Austria
     
    U. Kolitsch et al. (2009)+1 other referenceExel (1993)Postl et al. (1996)Postl et al. (1996)+1 other reference
    Azerbaijan
     
    Gupta (2015)
    Bangladesh
     
    Uddin et al. (2022)
    Belarus
     
    Mikhailov+6 other references
    Bolivia
     
    Woolley (1987)Petrov (n.d.)+2 other referencesPetrov (n.d.)Alfredo Petrov and Jaroslav Hyrsl ...Schultz (2004)Woolley (1987)
    Brazil
     
    Santos et al. (2018)Leandro et al. (2022)Maria de Lourdes da Silva Rosa et al. (2007)ConceicaoConceicao et al. (2009) ...+1 other referenceAzzi (2019)Nomura et al. (2010)HorváthULBRICH (1993)+5 other referencesSouza et al. (2024)Smith et al. (1933)+9 other referencesRosa et al. (2018)G Traversa et al (1994)+1 other referencede Barros Gomes et al. (2017)www.igc.usp.br (2003)Rojas et al. (2016)Coelho et al. (2025)
    Burundi
     
    Van den Haute et al. (Burundi)+6 other references
    Cameroon
     
    Gouhier (1974)+1 other referenceCesbron et al. (1988)doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800064128+10 other referencesDessauvage+2 other referencesJérémine (1943)+2 other references
    Canada
     
    Jennifer Pell (1994)Jennifer Pell (1994)+1 other referenceRapson (1963)+2 other referencesJones (1955)Thomas Mumford (2007)Piilonen et al. (2025)Aris Reports 03433+1 other referenceHorn et al. (1997)+1 other reference- (n.d.)+1 other referencePell (1994)Jennifer Pell (1994)Horn et al. (1997)+1 other referenceChakhmouradian et al. (2008)Tappe et al. (2005)GSC locality database+1 other referenceSheard et al. (2012)Orris et al. (2002)Sheard (2010)+3 other references[var: Hackmanite]162-165.+2 other referencesMason (1976)Sabina (1986)Sabina (1986)Jeffrey de Fourestier collection[Bancroft & District Mineral Collecting ...+1 other reference[Bancroft & District Mineral Collecting ...+2 other references[var: Hackmanite][Bancroft & District Mineral Collecting ...[var: Hackmanite][Bancroft & District Mineral Collecting ...Hogarth et al. (1982)+2 other referencesFouts (1998)Thomson J. E. (1943)[Bancroft & District Mineral Collecting ...[var: Hackmanite]mineralogical association of Canada ...www.geologyontario.mndm.gov.on.ca (n.d.)MSC Report 39Sage (1988)Sage (1988)Mason (1976)MDI Number: MDI31C12NW00006+1 other referenceOttawa-Peterborough+2 other referencesSabina (1971)Storey C.C. and Vos M.A. (1981)RWMW collection and Dave Joyce personal ...+2 other referencesR. P. Sage (1988)[var: Hackmanite]Berger (2023)Currie (1980)Olivier Langelier CollectionAnalysis of a specimen I collected ...+1 other referenceWOUSSEN et al. (1972)DRESSER (1902)Wallace et al. (1990)+1 other referenceChen et al. (2013)[var: Hackmanite]Peterson (1983)Horváth et al. (1998)Horváth et al. (1998)GANDHI (1970)Mason (1976)Bancroft & Howard (1923)DawsoniteHarrington (1876)Horváth Collection - confirmed by XRDNadeau et al. (2014)Olade et al. (1979)Geol
    Cape Verde
     
    Figueiredo et al. (1989)+9 other referencesWeidendorfer et al. (2016)
    Central African Republic
     
    Hoinkes et al. (1979)
    Chile
     
    O'Donoghue (2006)British Natural History Museum online ...
    China
     
    TaoChangshi Liu et al. (2002)Liu+2 other referencesSun et al. (2014)+1 other referenceGeology and Mineral Resources of the ...+2 other referencesWankang Huang et al. (1978)Plagge et al. (2006)Yang et al. (2006)+1 other referenceZhang et al. (Eds.)Siping Liao et al. (2002)Ding et al. (2003)+1 other referenceYanling Tang (2005)Yanling Tang (2005)Bai et al. (1985)He et al. (2025)Yanling Tang (2005)Tang et al. (2022)Bai (1985)+4 other referencesYanling Tang (2005)Baiyou Chen et al. (2002)Xu et al. (2022)Wang et al. (2023)+1 other referenceWang et al. (2024)
    Comoros
     
    Strong (1972)+11 other references
    Cook Islands
     
    Wood et al. (1970)+4 other referencesWood et al. (1970)+5 other references
    Czech Republic
     
    ŘandaUlrych et al. (1993)UlrychUlrych+7 other referencesKopecky (1966)+5 other referencesKrmíčková et al. (2022)Ulrych+8 other referencesKašing et al. (2025)Ulrych et al. (2013)Ulrych et al. (with emphasis on the Roztoky, Osečná and Dvůr Králové centres)+12 other referencesUlrych et al. (1989)Kopecký et al. (1970)+1 other referenceUlrych et al. (1993)Ulrych et al. (1998)Pazdernik (1997)V.M.F. HammerUlrych et al. (1983)+11 other referencesKing (n.d.)
    DR Congo
     
    Goresy et al. (1984)Woolley et al. (1995)+1 other referenceRichard+9 other referencesDenaeyer (1958)Combe et al. (1933)+4 other referencesSAHAMA (1960)+2 other referencesSahama et al. (1957)+1 other referenceDenaeyer (1958)Denaeyer (1958)+5 other referencesdoi.org/10.1016/0899-5362 (89)+14 other referencesDenaeyer (1958)+3 other references
    Egypt
     
    Abdalla (2006)+1 other referenceSabet+3 other references
    Eritrea
     
    Manasse (1909)+1 other reference
    Ethiopia
     
    Comucci (Africa orientale)+4 other references
    Federated States of Micronesia
     
    Yagi (1960)+4 other references
    Finland
     
    MutanenLehijärvi+2 other referencesWilke (1976)
    France
     
    Bull. Soc. Franç. Minéralo. ...Brousse+17 other referencesR. PierrotBrousse+15 other referencesBrousse+13 other referencesBrousseBrousse+7 other referencesA. M. Davis (1985)Brearley et al. (1998)Chubb (1927)+6 other referencesBrousse et al. (1980)+17 other referencesLacroix (1931)+5 other referencesBrousse R. (1978)Mcbirney et al. (1968)+2 other referencesI et al. (5)+6 other referencesMarrocchi et al. (2014)Azambre et al. (1992)
    Germany
     
    Fricke (1988)+1 other referenceGiebel et al. (2019)Alibert et al. (1983)+6 other referencesLippolt et al. (1976)+4 other referencesOehm et al. (1983)+6 other referencesHentschel (1975)Weiß (1990)Personally collected by Günter FrenzRondorf et al. (1988)+1 other referenceHentschel (1975)Juroszek et al. (Ti 5 Fe)Hentschel (1975)+1 other referenceHentschel (1973)Blass et al. (2022)Hentschel (1975)Hentschel (1983)Hentschel (1975)Hentschel (1983)Lapis (5)Hentschel (1983)Personally collected by Günter FrenzLeu (1995)Blaß et al. (2015)Schäfer (1979)Guth (2000)Weiß (1990)+1 other referenceBlaß et al. (1994)Hentschel (1987)Weiß (1990)Hentschel (1987)Hentschel (1987)Hentschel (1983)Hentschel (1987)Hohn et al. (2015)Schüller (1990)Lippolt (1982)+8 other referencesBüchner et al. (2015)Lippolt (1982)+3 other referencesLippolt (1982)+3 other references
    Greece
     
    Mineral. Petrol. 95 (2009)
    Greenland
     
    [var: Hackmanite]Mandarino (2002)+1 other referenceFinch (1990)Coulson (1997)+1 other referenceBøggild (1953)+2 other referencesBøggild (1953)Otter (2023)Sørensen (1962)Pekov et al. (2004)Pekov et al. (2002)Petersen (2001)Otter (2023)Soerensen (1962)Soerensen (1962)Karup-Møller et al. (1974)+1 other referenceRégis GUILLOTTE photo and specimenMakovicky et al. (1980)+1 other referenceKhomyakov et al. (2001)Pekov et al. (2001)+1 other referenceSemenov et al. (1967)Petersen et al. (2005)Friis et al. (2007)Semenov et al. (1965)Cole (2003)Christopher Clemens photo- Photo ID: ...Sørensen (1962)+2 other referencesDanoe et al. (1959)Bøggild (1953)in the collection of Christof & H. ...Soerensen (1962)Bøggild (1953)Roda Robles et al. (2001)Schønwandt et al. (2025)Upton et al. (1985)Brooks et al. (1982)+1 other referenceChristiansen et al. (2003)Brown et al. (1978)CO-Sr isotope evidence. Mineralogical Magazine (4)+2 other referencesPetersen et al. (1985)www.koeln.netsurf.de (1999)
    Guinea
     
    a magmatic marker of the evolution of the Central and Equatorial Atlantic. The Canadian Mineralogist (2)+18 other referencesLacroix (1931)[var: Hackmanite]
    India
     
    Bose et al. (1971)+3 other referencesReddy et al. (1986)Murty (1977)+1 other referenceKumar et al. (1996)+4 other referencesCzygan et al. (Sukheswala Volume)+3 other referencesGoldschmidt Conference Abstracts (2011)Czygan et al. (Sukheswala Volume)+5 other referencesBoynton et al. (1983)Devaraju+2 other referencesRussell et al. (1997)Czygan et al. (Sukheswala Volume)+2 other referencesKumar et al. (1984)NIYOGI (1966)Subrahmanyam et al. (1977)+3 other referencesBose et al. (1973)+1 other referenceSubrahmanyam et al. (1991)Ramanathan et al. (1982)Prinz et al. (1989)Krot (2006)Bose (1971)+4 other referencesBridges et al. (1995)+1 other referenceChakrabarty et al. (2011)+2 other references
    Indonesia
     
    Soeria-Atmadja et al. (1988)+1 other referenceIddings et al. (1915)Foden et al. (1980)+2 other referencesSelf et al. (1984)+3 other references
    Iran
     
    Hajialioghli et al. (2011)Camp et al. (1982)
    Italy
     
    Hawkesworth et al. (1979)+7 other referencesDi Muro et al. (2004)Ghiara et al. (1976)+15 other referencesGiannetti ()Della Ventura et al. (2001)Punzo I. (1996)+1 other referenceDunin Borkowski (1816)+1 other referenceRusso et al. (2004)+3 other referencesGillot+27 other referencesMassim Russo collectionPichler et al. (1970)Imma Punzo find & collectionFedele L. et al. (2006)ScacchiDe Stefani (1905)+22 other referencesManasse (1902 b)vom Rath (1866)Pichler et al. (1970)+1 other referenceBalassone et al. (2013)Simone Citon collectionCarati (1981)+2 other referencesDel Caldo et al. (1973)+4 other referencesPanikorovskii et al. (2017)+2 other referencesChristophe-Michel-Levy et al. (1970)+2 other referencesMattias P.P. (1969)+1 other referenceKnuever et al. (2023)De Michele (1974)Mariani P.Dario Di Domenico collectionStoppani et al. (1982)+1 other referenceFuniciello et al. (1979)Stoppani et al. (1982)Burli et al. (1988)Cámara et al. (2012)Cundari (1979)+9 other referencesCarloni et al. (2002)Antonio Borrelli collectionBortolozzi (n.d.)American MineralogistSignoretti et al. (2001)www.mindat.org (n.d.)Di Battistini et al. (2001)Di Battistini et al. (2001)Cresta et al. (2002)Bortolozzi (n.d.)Bortolozzi (n.d.)CarliniCámara et al. (2004)+1 other referenceChester+19 other references
    Kazakhstan
     
    Kogarko et al. (1995)Komatsu et al. (2001)
    Kenya
     
    Hackmann+3 other referencesRIDOLFI et al. (2006)Hackmann+3 other referencesDeines et al. (1973)+7 other referencesNASH et al. (1969)+7 other referencesBaker (1963)+2 other referencesHayward (pers.. comm. 1999)+12 other referencesBaker (1963)+6 other referencesMinistry of Energy and Regional ...+4 other referencesGregory (1900)+7 other referencesSaggerson (1991)Scott (1980)+4 other referencesSmith (1938)+4 other referencesShackleton (1946)+4 other referencesSmith (1938)+3 other references
    Kyrgyzstan
     
    Libya
     
    Piccoli (1970)+6 other referencesLustrino et al. (2012)Alkhazmi+7 other referencesFlinn et al. (1992)Sandford (1935)Oun (1991)
    Madagascar
     
    James+8 other referencesLacroix (1923)+1 other referenceLacroix (1923)+2 other references
    Malawi
     
    doi.org/10.1093/petroj/39.8.1405+7 other referencesdoi.org/10.1093/petroj/39.8.1405+2 other referencesThatcher (1974)Hopkins+2 other referencesBloomfield (1965)+1 other referenceGarsonBloomfield (1965)+10 other referencesGarson (1960)+17 other referencesGarsonCooper et al. (1961)+1 other referenceGarson et al. (1969)GarsonGarson (1963)+1 other reference
    Mali
     
    Sauvage et al. (1985)+1 other referenceSauvage et al. (1985)+2 other referencesJ.F. Sauvage (pers. comm. 1985)+3 other referencesLiégeois et al. (1991)
    Mauritania
     
    Marsh et al. (2015)Marsh et al. (2015)Lameyre et al. (1967)+2 other references
    Mauritius
     
    Mexico
     
    Clarke Jr et al. (1970)+5 other references
    Mongolia
     
    Kynický et al. (2005)Anatoly Nikiforov analytical dataPavlenko (1974)Gerel+1 other reference
    Morocco
     
    Bea et al. (2013)Khadem Allah (1993)+1 other referenceJeremine et al. (1947)+19 other references
    Mozambique
     
    Teale et al. (1923)Teale et al. (1923)Hunting Geology & Geophysics Ltd . ...+8 other referencesCoelho (1959)+1 other reference
    Myanmar
     
    www.ruby-sapphire.com (2000)Themelis (2008)[var: Hackmanite]Themelis (2008)[var: Hackmanite]Harald Schillhammer collection[var: Hackmanite]Themelis (2008)[var: Hackmanite]Themelis (2008)[var: Hackmanite]Themelis (2008)[var: Hackmanite]Sieghard Ellenberger data+1 other reference[var: Hackmanite]- (n.d.)+1 other reference[var: Hackmanite]Themelis (2008)
    Namibia
     
    Gevers+2 other referencesMathias (1956)+17 other referencesWoolley (2001)Simpson+11 other references ...+2 other referencesKoller F et al. (2014)Verwoerd (1967)+1 other referenceVerwoerd (1967)+2 other referencesDrüppel+5 other referencesvon Seckendorff et al. (2000)+1 other referenceBodeving (2015)Miller et al. (Henno Martin Commerative Volume)Prins+4 other referencesPrins+4 other referencesReid (1991)Bernasconi (1981)+2 other referencesVerwoerd (1967)+3 other referencesKaiser (Ed.)+4 other referencesMarsh (1976)
    Nepal
     
    Lasserre et al. (1977)+2 other references
    New Zealand
     
    Mason (1951)+7 other referencesSuggate et al. (1978)+5 other referencesHay et al. (1970)+4 other referencesTurner et al. (1960)+3 other referencesAllen (1974)Cooper (2020)Kimura et al. (1998)Tulloch et al. (1990)+2 other referencesCooper (1971)+1 other reference
    North Korea
     
    Paek et al. (1993)Paek et al. (1993)INOUE Tami (1950)Inoue+3 other referencesPaek et al. (1993)+1 other referenceUniversity of Tokyo collection
    Northwest Africa Meteorites
     
    Fintor et al. (2014)
    Norway
     
    Furnes et al. (1982)+1 other referenceCarstens+3 other referencesHeldal+29 other referencesMason (1976)[var: Hackmanite]Larsen et al. (2010)[var: Hackmanite]Larsen et al. (2010)Andresen et al. (2020)Berge (n.d.)Berge (n.d.)Burvald (1993)Larsen et al. (1991)Andersen et al. (1993)Jamtveit et al. (1997)Barth (1927)Heier (1961)+6 other referencesAugsten et al. (2011)Sturt et al. (1967)+1 other referenceSturt et al. (1967)Sturt et al. (1965)Michalsen (2000)Michalsen (2010)Michalsen (2010)Bøe (2000)+2 other referencesSturt (1961)+11 other referencesAndersen et al. (2010)Scheerer (1864)Berge (n.d.)Brøgger (1890, January)Knut Edvard Larsen collection # 159Berge (n.d.)Dahlgren Sven et al. (2012)- (n.d.)Larsen et al. (2010)Berge (n.d.)Andersen (1993)Berge (n.d.)Larsen et al. (2010)Knut Edvard Larsen (2023)Weibye (1849)Collected by Peter Andresen+1 other referenceAndresen (2011)Berge (1993)Larsen et al. (2015)Nordrum (2004)Berge (n.d.)Larsen et al. (2010)Knut Edvard Larsen (2023)Larsen et al. (2010)Peter Andresen collection[var: Hackmanite]Larsen et al. (2010)Larsen et al. (2010)[var: Hackmanite]Nordrum (2010)Brøgger (1890, January)Engvoldsen et al. (1991)+1 other reference
    Oman
     
    Worthing et al. (2008)Ivanova et al. (2003, March)
    Pakistan
     
    Siddiqui et al. (1968)+5 other referencesKEMPE (1983)
    Papua New Guinea
     
    Johnson et al. (1976)+3 other referencesJohnson et al. (1976)+2 other references
    Paraguay
     
    Fernandez (1996)+1 other reference
    Peru
     
    Laubacher (1978)
    Poland
     
    Geopark - opis stanowiska nr 90 Łom ...+1 other referenceDziedzic et al. (1983)+15 other referencesArmbrustmacher et al. (1994)+13 other references
    Portugal
     
    Luigi Chiappino collectionAbdel-Monem et al. (1975)+11 other referencesOsann (1888)PIMENTEL et al. (2006)Czygan+9 other referencesGagel+11 other referencesAssunção et al. (gnaisses hastingsíticos)+1 other referenceAssunção et al. (gnaisses hastingsíticos)+4 other referencesSpecimen in the collection of the ...
    Romania
     
    REE and trace element contents+2 other referencesvom Rath (1876)+2 other referencesSzakáll et al. (Eds.)www.geol.vt.edu (2005)
    Russia
     
    Vladykin et al. (2017)Pekov (1998)Filina et al. (2019)Popova et al. (2018)webmineral.ru (2016)Nishanbaev et al. (2016)+1 other referenceBindi et al. (2011)Shchipalkina et al. (2020)[var: Hackmanite]Lennikov et al. (2004)Sharygin et al. (2017, August)Henderson et al. (1999)Zaitsev et al. (2022)Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)Chukanov et al. (2023)Potter et al. (2017)Arzamastsev et al. (2006)Akimenko et al. (2014, September)[World of Stones 95:5-6Arzamastsev et al. (2008)Arzamastsev et al. (2008)Konopleva et al. (2008)+1 other referenceArzamastsev et al. (2008)Arzamastsev et al. (2008)Arzamastsev et al. (2008)[AmMin 85:1844]+6 other referencesExcalibur MineralsPekov (1998)Pekov et al. (2006)American MineralogistArzamastsev et al. (2008)Arzamastsev et al. (2008)[var: Hackmanite]Shlyukova Z.V. (1986)ZVMO 135 (1)+1 other referenceArzamastsev et al. (2008)Shlyukova Z.V. (1986)Konopleva et al. (2008)Konopleva et al. (2008)+1 other referencePekov I.V. et al. (2010)+1 other referenceMikhailova et al. (2007)+1 other referenceArzamastsev et al. (2008)Arzamastsev et al. (2008)Arzamastsev et al. (2008)Mandarino (1997)+1 other referenceKonopleva et al. (2008)Pekov (1998)Konopleva et al. (2008)Lapis 29 (2)Pekov et al. (2003)Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)Konopleva et al. (2008)Mikhailova et al. (2015)+1 other reference ...Mikhailova et al. (2022)Mokrushina et al. (2023)Pekov (1998)+3 other references[var: Hackmanite]Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)[var: Hackmanite]Pekov (2000)Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)[var: Hackmanite]Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)Pekov et al. (2001)Pekov (1998)[var: Hackmanite]Pekov (1998)Arzamastsev et al. (2008)+2 other references[var: Hackmanite]Pekov (1998)Rastsvetaeva+3 other referencesPavel M. Kartashov analytical dataPekov et al. (2003)+1 other referencePekov (2000)Pekov (2000)Pekov (1998)+1 other referencePetrovsky et al. (2012)Pekov (1998)+1 other referencePekov et al. (2013)Mikhailova et al. (2025)Pekov (1998)Selivanova et al. (2024)Mandarino (2001)Mikhail Uchitel' data[var: Hackmanite]Ramsay (1899)+3 other referencesPekov (1998)+1 other referenceBea et al. (2001) ...+1 other referenceKovalskaya et al. (2017)+2 other references[World of Stones 12:49]Mikhailenko+8 other referencesGanino et al. (2019)Pavel M. Kartashov analythical data of ...
    Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
     
    Le Maitre (1959)+5 other referencesGupta (2015)Baker et al. (1964)+2 other references
    Saudi Arabia
     
    Al-Koulak+1 other referenceLiddicoat et al. (1986)
    Slovakia
     
    Farsang et al. (2014)[[1]]Reato
    Solomon Islands
     
    Allen et al. (1965)+3 other references
    South Africa
     
    Kamenetsky et al. (2014)ShandThe Canadian Mineralogist+1 other referenceDal Bo et al. (2024)
    South Korea
     
    Kim+14 other references
    Spain
     
    Crisp et al. (1987)+12 other referencesBorley et al. (1971)+19 other referencesFerguson (1978)
    Sweden
     
    JonssonAdamson (1944)+2 other referencesQuensel (1912)+4 other references
    Switzerland
     
    Weiβ et al. (2007)
    Tajikistan
     
    I. Pekov data pers. comm L. Horvath 2008
    Tanzania
     
    Journal of Conference AbstractsMitchell et al. (2022) ...+2 other referencesZaitsev A.N. et al. (2010)+2 other references
    Turkey
     
    Lefevre et al. (1983)+4 other referencesLefevre et al. (1983)+3 other referencesÖzkan et al. (Kayseri, Turkey)Leo et al. (1974)+2 other referencesArslan et al. (1997)+3 other references
    UK
     
    MacGregor (1922)+2 other referencesShand (1910)+1 other reference
    Ukraine
     
    Magdalena Dumańska-Słowik et al. (2012)Kryvdik S. G. · Sharygin V. V. · Gatsenko V. O. · Lunev E. S. (2016)Dmitry TonkacheevPavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
    USA
     
    Eby et al. (2025)[var: Hackmanite]AmMin 26:437Smith (1988)Henry Barwood - unpublished (2010)Smith (1988)+1 other referenceHenry Barwood - unpublished (2010)Stroud (1969)+1 other reference ...+4 other referencesMerriam et al. (1936)Eckel et al. (1997)Eckel et al. (1997)USGS Prof Paper 649Eckel et al. (1997)Eckel et al. (1997)Carnein et al. (2005)Schooner (circa 1980s)Wilkinson et al. (1983)Macdonald et al. (1960)+1 other referenceBrearley et al. (1998)Mason (1976)West et al. (2016)King et al. (1994)Gilman (1978)Mason (1976)Clapp+1 other referenceSears (1905)Gleba (2008)Gleba (2008)Emerson (1917)Gleba (2008)Laughlin et al. (2018)Alice Sikorski CollectionSamuel Anderson Collection+1 other referenceKuehner et al. (2003, June)Gobla (2012)www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffensSimms (1965)Meyers et al. (1956)Cristofono (n.d.)Rocks & Min.: 21:416[var: Hackmanite]Rutgers Univ. Bull. #5F.W. Clarke (1900)Rocks & Min.: 60:229.Northrop et al. (1996)USGS Open-File Report 02-189+1 other referenceNorthrop et al. (1996)Kevin Jones CollectionRoberts et al. (1965)Roberts et al. (1965)Roberts et al. (1965)Roberts et al. (1965)Roberts et al. (1965)Yoneda et al. (1995) ...Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)Woolley (1987)Eggleston et al. (4th series)+1 other referenceGrant+1 other referenceWoolley (1987)
    Venezuela
     
    Woolley (1987)+1 other reference
    Vietnam
     
    ChiChi+1 other reference
    Zimbabwe
     
    Cairncross (2004)Cairncross (2004)
     
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