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Saponite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
This page kindly sponsored byJosiah Heyman
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From Latin, sap, soap, alluding to its greasy or soapy feel and appearance.
Type Locality:
ⓘLizard Point, Landewednack, Cornwall, England, UK
Smectite Group.
Beidellite-Saponite Series.
See also the Fe-dominant end-memberferrosaponite.

May be interstratified withlizardite:UM2002-39-SiO:AlCaFeHMg.


Unique Identifiers
IMA Formula:
(Ca,Na)0.3(Mg,Fe)3(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2 · 4H2O
Type description reference:
Svanberg L F (1842) Saponit och Rosit, tvenne nya mineralier. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar 1842, 153-165

Classification of Saponite

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
E : Phyllosilicates
C : Phyllosilicates with mica sheets, composed of tetrahedral and octahedral nets
Dana 8th ed.:
71.3.1b.2

71 : PHYLLOSILICATES Sheets of Six-Membered Rings
3 : Sheets of 6-membered rings with 2:1 clays
Hey's CIM Ref.:
16.7.7

16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
7 : Aluminosilicates of Mg

Mineral SymbolsJolyon RalphUnited Kingdom

Physical Properties of Saponite
Transparency:
Translucent
Colour:
White, yellow, gray, blue, green, reddish, brown
Hardness:
1½ - 2 onMohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
{001}
Comment:
Plastic when hydrated, brittle when dry
Density:
2.24 - 2.30 g/cm3 (Measured)    

Optical Data of Saponite
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
none
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
X = colorless, light yellow to green-brown; Y = Z = colorless, greenish brown to dark brown

Chemistry of Saponite
Common Impurities:
Ti,Mn,Ni,K,P

Crystallography of Saponite
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Mining Academy, Freiberg, Germany, 44591
Reference:
Svanberg L F (1842) Saponit och Rosit, tvenne nya mineralier. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar 1842, 153-165

Synonyms of Saponite

Other Language Names for Saponite

Varieties of SaponiteBowlingiteObsolete name for pseudomorphs of saponite afterolivine.CathkiniteA local name for a reddish-brown compact variety of saponite.Copper-bearing SaponiteA copper-bearing variety of saponiteIron-bearing SaponiteOriginally reported from Santa Monica Mts, Los Angeles Co., California, USA.

See also the Fe-dominant end-memberferrosaponite.

Lithian SaponiteA Li-bearing saponite.SobotkiteAn Al-rich variety of saponite.

Relationship of Saponite to other Species
Other Members of Smectite Group:
Beidellite(Na,Ca0.5)0.3Al2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2OMon. 2/m :B2/m
FerrosaponiteCa0.3(Fe2+,Mg,Fe3+)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · 4H2OMon.
HectoriteNa0.3(Mg,Li)3(Si4O10)(F,OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m
Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2OMon. 2/m :B2/m
NontroniteNa0.3Fe2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2OMon. 2/m :B2/m
PimeliteNi3Si4O10(OH)2 · 4H2OHex.
Saliotite(Li,Na)Al3(AlSi3O10)(OH)5Mon. 2/m :B2/m
SauconiteNa0.3Zn3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · 4H2OMon.
Stevensite(Ca,Na)xMg3-x(Si4O10)(OH)2Mon.
SwineforditeLi(Al,Li,Mg)3((Si,Al)4O10)2(OH,F)4 · nH2OMon. 2/m :B2/m
VolkonskoiteCa0.3(Cr,Mg,Fe)2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · 4H2OMon.
Yakhontovite(Ca,Na)0.5(Cu,Fe,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · 3H2OMon.
ZincsiliteZn3Si4O10(OH)2 · 4H2O (?)Mon.
Forms a series with:
BeidelliteBeidellite-Saponite Series

Common AssociatesTric.1 :P19.EC.BalestraiteKLi2V5+Si4O12Mon. 2 :B29.EC.05TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2Tric.1 :P19.EC.05MinnesotaiteFe2+3Si4O10(OH)2Tric.1 :P19.EC.05WillemseiteNi3Si4O10(OH)2Mon.9.EC.9.EC.VoloshiniteRb(LiAl1.5◻0.5)(Al0.5Si3.5)O10F2Mon. 2/m :B2/b9.EC.10FluorluanshiweiiteKLiAl1.5(Si3.5Al0.5)O10F2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.EC.10GarmiteCsLiMg2(Si4O10)F2Mon.9.EC.10GorbunoviteCsLi2(Ti,Fe)Si4O10(F,OH,O)2Mon.9.EC.10FerripyrophylliteFe3+Si2O5(OH)Mon. 2/m9.EC.10ManganiceladoniteK(MgMn3+◻)(Si4O10)(OH)2Mon.9.EC.10LuanshiweiiteKLiAl1.5(Si3.5Al0.5)O10(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/b9.EC.10PyrophylliteAl2Si4O10(OH)2Tric.19.EC.15ParagoniteNaAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2Mon.9.EC.15FerroaluminoceladoniteK(Fe2+Al◻)(Si4O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.EC.15NanpingiteCsAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH,F)2Mon. 2/m :B2/b9.EC.15FerroceladoniteK(Fe2+Fe3+◻)(Si4O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.EC.15Ganterite(Ba,Na,K)(Al,Mg)2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/b9.EC.15KreiteriteCsLi2Fe3+(Si4O10)F2Mon.9.EC.15RoscoeliteKV3+2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/b9.EC.15AluminoceladoniteK(MgAl◻)(Si4O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.EC.15Tobelite(NH4)Al2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.EC.15TainioliteKLiMg2(Si4O10)F2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.EC.15CeladoniteK(MgFe3+◻)(Si4O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.EC.15ChromceladoniteK(MgCr◻)(Si4O10)(OH)2Mon. 2 :B29.EC.15MontdoriteKFe2+1.5Mn2+0.5Mg0.5Si4O10(F,OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.EC.15ChromphylliteKCr2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/b9.EC.15BoromuscoviteKAl2(BSi3O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m9.EC.15UM1988-22-SiO:AlCaFFeHKLiMgKLiMgAl2Si3O10F2Mon.9.EC.15Chernykhite(Ba,Na)(V3+,Al,Mg)2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2Mon.9.EC.15MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/b9.EC.20MasutomiliteK(LiAlMn2+)[AlSi3O10]F2Mon. 2 :B29.EC.20OxyphlogopiteK(Mg,Ti,Fe)3[(Si,Al)4O10](O,F)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.EC.20Chloroferrokinoshitalite(Ba,K)(Fe2+,Mg)3(Al2Si2O10)(Cl,OH,F)29.EC.20SiderophylliteKFe2+2Al(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2Mon.9.EC.20SokolovaiteCsLi2Al(Si4O10)F2Mon.9.EC.20HendricksiteKZn3(Si3Al)O10(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.EC.20TetraferriphlogopiteKMg3(Fe3+Si3O10)(OH,F)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.EC.20FluoranniteKFe2+3(Si3Al)O10F2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.EC.20AspidoliteNaMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.EC.20Suhailite(NH4)Fe2+3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.EC.20EphesiteNaLiAl2(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2Tric. 1 :P19.EC.20NorrishiteKLiMn3+2(Si4O10)O2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.EC.20PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.EC.20YangzhumingiteKMg2.5(Si4O10)F2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.EC.20OrloviteKLi2Ti(Si4O10)OFMon. 2 :B29.EC.20TetraferrianniteKFe2+3(Si3Fe3+)O10(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.EC.20ShirokshiniteK(NaMg2)(Si4O10)F2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.EC.20TrilithioniteK(Li1.5Al1.5)(AlSi3O10)(F,OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/b9.EC.20PolylithioniteKLi2Al(Si4O10)(F,OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/b9.EC.20ShirozuliteKMn2+3(Si3Al)O10(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.EC.20PreiswerkiteNaMg2Al(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/b9.EC.20FluorophlogopiteKMg3(Si3Al)O10F2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.EC.20Wonesite(Na,K)(Mg,Fe,Al)6((Al,Si)4O10)2(OH,F)4Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.EC.20UM2004-49-SiO:AlCsFHKLi(Cs,K)(Al,Li)2.6((Si,Al)4O10)(F,OH)29.EC.20FluorotetraferriphlogopiteKMg3(Fe3+Si3O10)F2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.EC.20AnniteKFe2+3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.EC.20EastoniteKMg2Al(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2Mon.9.EC.22PimeliteNi3Si4O10(OH)2 · 4H2OHex.9.EC.30MargariteCaAl2(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/b9.EC.30Chlorophaeite(Ca,Mg,Fe)2Fe2Si4O13 · 10H2O9.EC.35Kinoshitalite(Ba,K)(Mg,Mn2+,Al)3(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.EC.35Ferrokinoshitalite(Ba,K)(Fe2+,Mg)3(Al2Si2O10)(OH,F)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.EC.35ClintoniteCaAlMg2(SiAl3O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.EC.35Oxykinoshitalite(Ba,K)(Mg,Ti,Fe3+,Fe2+)3((Si,Al)4O10)(O,OH,F)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.EC.35FluorokinoshitaliteBaMg3(Al2Si2O10)F2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.EC.35BityiteCaLiAl2(AlBeSi2O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/b9.EC.35Anandite(Ba,K)(Fe2+,Mg)3((Si,Al,Fe)4O10)(S,OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/b9.EC.40Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2OMon. 2/m :B2/m9.EC.40Beidellite(Na,Ca0.5)0.3Al2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2OMon. 2/m :B2/m9.EC.40VolkonskoiteCa0.3(Cr,Mg,Fe)2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · 4H2OMon.9.EC.40NontroniteNa0.3Fe2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2OMon. 2/m :B2/m9.EC.40Kurumsakite(Zn,Ni,Cu)8Al8V5+2Si5O35 · 27H2O (?)Orth.9.EC.40Yakhontovite(Ca,Na)0.5(Cu,Fe,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · 3H2OMon.9.EC.45SwineforditeLi(Al,Li,Mg)3((Si,Al)4O10)2(OH,F)4 · nH2OMon. 2/m :B2/m9.EC.45HectoriteNa0.3(Mg,Li)3(Si4O10)(F,OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.EC.45ZincsiliteZn3Si4O10(OH)2 · 4H2O (?)Mon.9.EC.45HanjiangiteBa2CaV3+Al(H2AlSi3O12)(CO3)2FMon. 2 :B29.EC.45SpadaiteMgSiO2(OH)2 · H2O (?)9.EC.45FerrosaponiteCa0.3(Fe2+,Mg,Fe3+)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · 4H2OMon.9.EC.45Stevensite(Ca,Na)xMg3-x(Si4O10)(OH)2Mon.9.EC.45SauconiteNa0.3Zn3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · 4H2OMon.9.EC.50VermiculiteMg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2OMon. 2/m9.EC.52Tarasovitenear NaKAl11Si13O40(OH)9 · 3H2O9.EC.55ClinochloreMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.EC.55Borocookeite(LiAl4◻)[BSi3O10](OH)8Mon.m :Bb9.EC.55FranklinfurnaceiteCa2Fe3+Mn2+3Mn3+(Zn2Si2O10)(OH)8Mon. 2 :B29.EC.55PennantiteMn2+5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8Tric.9.EC.55VakhrushevaiteMg5Cr(AlSi3O10)(OH)8Tric.19.EC.55Nimite(Ni,Mg,Al)6((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)8Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.EC.55Cookeite(LiAl4◻)[AlSi3O10](OH)8Mon. 2/m9.EC.55Gonyerite(Mn2+,Mg)5Fe3+(Fe3+Si3O10)(OH)8Orth.9.EC.55Chamosite(Fe2+,Mg,Al,Fe3+)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.EC.55Orthochamosite(Fe2+,Mg,Fe3+)5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH,O)89.EC.55Baileychlore(Zn,Fe2+,Al,Mg)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8Tric.19.EC.55SudoiteMg2Al3(Si3Al)O10)(OH)8Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.EC.55GlagoleviteNa(Mg,Al)6(AlSi3O10)(OH,O)8Tric. 1 :P19.EC.55DonbassiteAl4.33(Si3Al)O10(OH)8Mon. 2 :B29.EC.60DozyiteMg7Al2(Al2Si4O15)(OH)12Mon.9.EC.60Rectorite(Na,Ca)Al4((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)4 · 2H2OMon.9.EC.60Corrensite(Mg,Fe)9((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)10 · nH2OOrth.9.EC.60AliettiteCa0.2Mg6((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)4 · 4H2OMon.9.EC.60Karpinskite(Ni,Mg)2Si2O5(OH)2 (?)Mon.9.EC.60LunijianlaiteLi0.7Al6.2(AlSi7O20)(OH,O)10Mon.9.EC.60TosuditeNa0.5(Al,Mg)6((Si,Al)8O18)(OH)12 · 5H2OMon. 2 :B29.EC.60HydrobiotiteK(Mg,Fe2+)6((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)4 · nH2OMon. 2/m :B2/m9.EC.60Saliotite(Li,Na)Al3(AlSi3O10)(OH)5Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.EC.60KulkeiteMg8Al(AlSi7O20)(OH)10Mon.9.EC.60BrinrobertsiteNa0.3Al4(Si4O10)2(OH)4 · 3.5 H2OMon.9.EC.65Macaulayite(Fe,Al)24Si4O43(OH)2Mon.9.EC.70BurckhardtitePb2(Fe3+Te6+)[AlSi3O8]O6Trig.3m(32/m) :P31m9.EC.75Niksergievite(Ba,Ca)2Al3(AlSi3O10)(CO3)(OH)6 · nH2OMon.9.EC.75Ferrisurite(Pb,Ca)2.4Fe3+2(Si4O10)(CO3)1.7(OH)3 · nH2OMon.9.EC.75Surite(Pb,Ca)3(Al,Fe2+,Mg)2((Si,Al)4O10)(CO3)2(OH)2Mon. 2 :P219.EC.80KegelitePb8Al4(Si8O20)(SO4)2(CO3)4(OH)8Mon.

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    • References for SaponiteⓘAcfer 059/El Djouf 001 meteoritesGreshake et al. (2004)
    Antarctica
     
    Brearley et al. (1998)Smellie et al. (1984)Mozer (2012)Rangel et al. (2019)
    Argentina
     
    Rainoldi et al. (2024)
    Armenia
     
    Bowell et al. (2021)
    Atlantic Ocean
     
    Milinovic+6 other references
    Australia
     
    Gorter et al. (2002)England (2002)England (2000)England (1996)Crawford (1973)Head (1979)+4 other referencesEngland (1998)England et al. (1988)Keith F Compton collectionRod Martin CollectionVic Cloete.R BottrillR. BottrillSutherland et al. (2004)R Bottrill (2021)www.crocoite.com (2003)Sutherland et al. (2004)Bottrill et al. (2020)BottrillR BottrillSutherland et al. (2004)Bottrill et al. (2002)Sutherland et al. (2004)Bottrill et al. (2008)Murrin Murrin Nickel Laterite Deposit+2 other referencesFrancesco et al. (2019)
    Austria
     
    Niedermayr et al. (1995)matrixx 5+1 other referenceGötzinger (1987)Niedermayr (1990)+1 other referenceErtl (1995)Database „Minerale NÖ“ (A. Thinschmidt and co-workers)Götzinger (1987)Götzinger (1987)Aufschluss 1972 (SB)Alker (1972)C.Auer (2019)Taucher (1989)
    Bolivia
     
    Salomon Rivas y Federico Ahlfeld (1998)
    Brazil
     
    Geological Survey Professional Paper 327 (U.S. Department of the Interior, 1959)Dybowska et al. (2022)D Atencio & R Hypolito ()Fosfatos e Silicatos Secundários de ...
    Canada
     
    Simandl et al. (1997)+1 other reference- (2022)Tanner (1994)King (n.d.)Hogarth (1997)Montgomery (n.d.)Montgomery (n.d.)Willet Miller (1905)Betts (n.d.)Wight et al. (1995)Tarassoff et al. (2006)Zolensky et al. (2002)+2 other references
    Central African Republic
     
    Brearley et al. (1998)
    Chad
     
    Olivier et al. (2021)
    Chile
     
    Demetrius Pohl identified AMNH 1985+2 other referencesVidal et al. (2022)Howard Minerals specimens+1 other reference
    China
     
    Zhu et al. (2024)Chu et al. (2023)Minzhi Yang (2004)Vielreicher et al. (2003)Hongkui Li et al. (2010)Wang et al. (2025)Shen (n.d.)+1 other referenceYanling Tang (2005)
    Colombia
     
    Castrillón et al. (2023)
    Curaçao
     
    ...
    Cyprus
     
    Prüfer (2010)Antivachis (2015)
    Czech Republic
     
    Litochleb+4 other referencesPauliš+3 other referencesPaulišWelser+5 other referencesPetr Fuchs (2024, December)Melka (2000)PaulišMrázek I (1978)Houzar+5 other referencesPetr Pauliš (2001)
    Dominican Republic
     
    Broda et al. (2022)
    DR Congo
     
    Zolensky (1991)
    Egypt
     
    Treiman et al. (1991)
    El Salvador
     
    implications for metal transport in natural systems. Journal of volcanology and geothermal research (1)+1 other reference
    Faroe Islands
     
    Knut Edvard Larsen collection # 415- (2011, November)
    Finland
     
    Uusinoka et al. (1)www.geologinenseura.fi (2017)
    France
     
    Ch. RobertCh. RobertE. Passaglia et al.Chauris (2014)Lacroix (1904)+1 other referenceDudoignon et al. (1989)Dudoignon et al. (1989)Giret et al. (1992)+1 other referenceMarrocchi et al. (2014)El Mendili et al. (2022)T. Sameshima et al.Queneau (n.d.)Claude LaforêtTomeoka et al. (1988)+1 other referenceJean-Vincent Coureau collection
    Germany
     
    Walenta (1992)Habel (2009)Wittern (2001)+1 other referenceWittern (2001)Eigler et al. (1982)+2 other referencesWeiß (1990)Weiß (1990)Lapis 2/2011Hentschel (1987)Hentschel (1987)Hentschel (1987)Blaß et al. (2015)SEM-EDS and XRD by Joy Desor and ...Mertz et al. (1990)Schüller et al. (1950)
    Greece
     
    Katerinopoulos et al. (1994)Färber (n.d.)
    Hungary
     
    Tokody et al. (1957)+2 other referencesSzakáll et al. (1996)Brearley et al. (1998)+2 other referencesKoch (1985)Sándor et al. (2005)Sándor et al. (2005)Topographia Mineralogica Hungariae VI.+1 other referenceSzakáll et al. (2006)Szakáll et al. (1996)KOVÁCS-PÁLFFY (2005)Analized in Geological Institute of Hungary (Péter Kónya)
    Iceland
     
    Escobedo et al. (2021)Blake (1966)Ágústsdóttir et al. (1994)
    India
     
    Meteoritics & Planetary Science et al. (March 2003)AmMin 88:1983–1988 (2003)Gotze+7 other referencesGotze+7 other referencesBuchanan et al. (1993)
    Indian Ocean
     
    Maciąg et al. (2019)D. Besse et al.
    Indonesia
     
    Analyses by Alfredo Petrov and John ...Alfredo Petrov
    Italy
     
    Barresi et al. (2005)Croze (1989)Buseck et al. (1993)Krot et al. (1995)+1 other referenceMorandi et al. (1982)Adorni F. (1997)Veniale et al. (1968) ...Castellaro-KampfPassaglia et al. (1994)Cerea et al. (2019)Bedognè et al. (1993)Bedognè et al. (2006)Antofilli et al. (1983)Piccoli et al. (2007)Appiani et al. (1995)+1 other referenceBortolozzi (n.d.)Bortolozzi (n.d.)Apollaro et al. (2023)Manuella (2011)+1 other referenceBortolozzi (n.d.)Brizzi G. et al. (FI)Brizzi G. et al. (1996)Fabio Tosato et al. (2024)Bortolozzi (n.d.)Mattioli et al. (2008)Mattioli et al. (2008)Mattioli et al. (2008)Mattioli et al. (2008)+1 other referenceMattioli et al. (2008)Paolo Gasparetto CollectionPegoraro et al. (2017)Boscardin et al. (2011)+1 other referenceAnalysis by Michele Mattioli (Urbino University)Bortolozzi (n.d.)
    Ivory Coast
     
    Pouclet A. et al. (2004)
    Japan
     
    Hideo Kuroda (1978)INOUE et al. (1991)Masaru Yamaguchi (1964)- (n.d.)Nambu+2 other referencesMatsuhisa et al. (1985)TAKEUCHI et al. (1984)Yamada (2004)Narita (1961)King (n.d.)Ohe Rikosha specimensTiba et al. (1995)PXRD + XRF by Alfredo PetrovPetrov (n.d.)Petrov (n.d.)
    Kosovo
     
    Ministry of Mining and Energy (2002)
    Lithuania
     
    Zolensky et al. (1996)
    Madagascar
     
    Lacroix (1898)
    Mexico
     
    Yta et al. (2005)Verhagen et al. (2023)
    Middle East
     
    Gross (1977)
    Namibia
     
    Blaß et al. (2021)Buch et al. (1996)
    New Zealand
     
    Collection of RJ MartinCollection of RJ Martin correlated to ...Black et al. (undated but circa late 1970's)LIVERMORE (1999)de Ronde+16 other referencesCourtney (1991)Kimura et al. (1998)Singh (2015)Spratt et al. (1975)Hutton (1942)
    Northwest Africa Meteorites
     
    Fintor et al. (2014)
    Norway
     
    Breivik (2001)Kvamsdal (1993)Moum et al. (1964)Jamtveit et al. (1997)Knut Edvard Larsen collection # MM-2446
    Pacific Ocean
     
    Li et al. (2022)Christine Laverne et al. (2006)Lamborg et al. (2006)
    Papua New Guinea
     
    Gonzalez-Alvarez et al. (2013)
    Poland
     
    Personally collected by Zając Piotr in ...Muszyński M. et al. (2009)Eligiusz Szełęg collectionGil et al. (2019)Lis et al. (1986)Harańczyk C. (1974)Czeslaw Haranczyk and Karol Prchazka (1974)Lis et al. (1986)Spangenberg et al. (1949)Lis et al. (1986)Spangenberg et al. (1949)Pieczka et al. (2013)Spangenberg et al. (1949)Lis et al. (1986)
    Portugal
     
    Alves (n.d.)CEDOMMichele DondiAlves (n.d.)
    Romania
     
    Onac (2025)Ianovici et al. (1983)
    Russia
     
    Sklyarov et al. (2016)Sklyarov et al. (2016)Pashkevich+1 other referenceKononova et al. (2007)+1 other referenceContributions to Mineralogy and ...Keller et al. (1993)Talovina et al. (2008)Talovina et al. (2008)Igor Savin's dataTalovina et al. (2008)+2 other referencesA. E. Zadov dataGurbanov et al. (2008)Gritsenko et al. (2022)Chayka+9 other referencesSluzhenikin et al. (2015)Pekov et al. (2004)Mikhailova et al. (2015) ...Talovina et al. (2003)Rogulina et al. (2008)Pekov (1998)+1 other referenceSokolova et al. (2011)
    Saudi Arabia
     
    Guan et al. (1997)
    Slovakia
     
    Koděra (1986)Koděra (1986)Koděra (1986)
    South Africa
     
    Cairncross et al. (1995)Cairncross et al. (1995)Braithwaite et al. (1991)Atanasova et al. (2016)Cloete et al. (2001)Cairncross et al. (1995)
    South America Plate
     
    Silva et al. (2025)Schrank et al. (2024)
    South Korea
     
    Hideo Tsuda (1969)
    South Sudan
     
    Zolensky et al. (1996)
    Spain
     
    Schüller et al. (1950)Analyzed by XRD by Dr. Joan Vinals (Barcelona)Lapis 2001 et al. (reference via Ferdinando Giovine)+1 other referencePozo Rodríguez et al. (1992)+1 other referenceJoan Abella i Creus (2008)
    Sri Lanka
     
    Müller et al. (2006)
    Sweden
     
    Switzerland
     
    Stalder et al. (1998)Stalder et al. (1998)Ansermet (2012)Schad (1989)
    Taiwan
     
    Yui et al. (1999)
    Tanzania
     
    Brearley (1992)
    Turkey
     
    Helvaci (1998)Güngör Yeşilova et al. (2023)
    UK
     
    Power et al. (1997)Golley et al. (1995)Day (1999)Ford et al. (1993)Turner R.W. and Rumsey (2007)+1 other referenceWalker (1962)Trevor Boyd CollectionFleischmann (1910)S Rust collectionWalker (1962)Green et al. (2005)S. Moreton observation.Heddle (1901)+3 other referencesSweet et al. (1961)www.mindat.org/mesg-9-106733.html+1 other referenceNNational Museum of Wales database+1 other reference
    Ukraine
     
    Emetz et al. (2005)
    USA
     
    Anthony et al. (1995)Slaughter (2023)Shannon (1983)+2 other referencesAnthony et al. (1995)Arizona Dept. of Mines & Min. Resources+1 other referenceAnthony et al. (1995)Anthony et al. (1995)Anderson et al. (1955)Starkey et al. (1979)+2 other referencesStarkey et al. (1979)+2 other referencesPost (1984)Wise et al. (1988)Wise et al. (1988)Fred DeVito collectionBrighton Alfred Collection.Ross (1946)Fred DeVito collectionNeuerburgRoss (1946)Ross (1946)- (2005)Otton+2 other referencesAmes et al. (1958)+1 other referencewww.mineralsocal.org (2001)Eckel et al. (1997)Eckel et al. (1997)Rocks & Minerals 79:5 pp316-324Januzzi et al. (1976)specimens associated with epistilbiteKing et al. (1994)King et al. (1994)Thompson et al. (1998)Emerson (1917)Emerson (1882)+1 other referenceRoss (2010)Heinrich et al. (2004)T. Kennedy collectionTravis Olds photoHeinrich et al. (2004)Heinrich et al. (2004)Heinrich et al. (2004)Heinrich et al. (2004)Collection Elmar Lackner+1 other referenceUSGS PP144Dana 6: 1086.Morris (1983)Heinrich et al. (2004)Morris (1983)Morris (1983)Morris (1983)Morris (1983)Heinrich et al. (2004)Heinrich et al. (2004)Heinrich et al. (2004)Heinrich et al. (2004)Morris (1983)+2 other referencesHeinrich et al. (2004)Tutolo et al. (2019)AmMin 46:430Sherwood et al. (1998)Castor et al. (2004)Zhdanov et al. (2024)Rocks & Minerals. Nov. 1999.Castor et al. (2004)- (2005)Castor et al. (2004)Maertens (2007)King (n.d.)Northrop et al. (1996)Clays and Clay Minerals+4 other referencesNorthrop et al. (1996)Northrop et al. (1996)Northrop et al. (1996)Patrick HaynesNorthrop et al. (1996)Genth (1891)+1 other referenceDonald R. Privett et al. (2011)Micro Probe Vol. 6 No. 4Rocks & Min.:59:109-120.Nikischer (2023)Brearley et al. (1998)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)Montoya et al. (1962)Bullock (1981)Robin D. Tibbit (deceased)Michael D. Dunn (2025)Dietrich (1990)- (n.d.)Cordua (1991)Van Rythoven et al. (2020)Am Min 49:778-781
    Vietnam
     
    Ko-Chun Huang Collection
    Yemen
     
    LPSC 25 (1994)+1 other reference
    162173 Ryugu
     
    Mars
     
    Several papers on: Science ExpressGou et al. (2015)
    Outer Space
     
    Posch et al. (2007)
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