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Riebeckite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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◻[Na2][Fe2+3Fe3+2]Si8O22(OH)2
Riebeckite is defined as a member of the riebeckite group with Fe2+>Mg in the C2+ position and (OH) dominant in the W position.
Colour:
Usually black, also commonly light blue to blue-black, gray-blue, gray, brown
Lustre:
Vitreous, Sub-Vitreous
Hardness:
5 - 5½
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Riebeckite Root Name Group >Sodium Amphibole Subgroup >w(OH,F,Cl)-dominant Amphibole Group >Amphibole Supergroup
Name:
For Emil Riebeck (June 11, 1853 Preuslitz, Germany - June 22, 1885 Feldkirch, Vorarlberg, Austria), German explorer, ethnologist, and mineralogist. Noted author and field collector of artifacts.
Type Locality:
ⓘSocotra Island, Aden Governorate, Yemen
Forms a series withmagnesioriebeckite andferro-glaucophane.

Chemically closely related toarfvedsonite.


Unique Identifiers
IMA Formula:
◻Na2(Fe2+3Fe3+2)Si8O22(OH)2

Classification of Riebeckite

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
D : Inosilicates
E : Inosilicates with 2-periodic double chains, Si4O11; Clinoamphiboles
Hey's CIM Ref.:
14.20.6

14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
20 : Silicates of Fe and alkali metals

Mineral Symbols
Transparency:
Translucent, Opaque
Colour:
Usually black, also commonly light blue to blue-black, gray-blue, gray, brown
Streak:
Pale gray to bluish-grey.
Hardness:
5 - 5½ onMohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
Perfect on {110}
Fracture:
Splintery

Optical Data of Riebeckite
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
strong
Pleochroism:
Strong
Comments:
X dark blue Z blue gray to yellow green

Chemistry of Riebeckite
Common Impurities:
Fe,Ti,Mg,Al,Mn

Age distribution

Type Occurrence of Riebeckite

Synonyms of Riebeckite

Other Language Names for Riebeckite

Relationship of Riebeckite to other Species
Other Members of Riebeckite Root Name Group:
Fluoro-riebeckite◻{Na2}{Fe2+3Fe3+2}(Si8O22)F2Mon. 2/m :B2/m
Magnesio-fluoro-riebeckite◻{Na2}{Mg3Fe3+2}(Si8O22)F2
Magnesio-riebeckite◻{Na2}{Mg3Fe3+2}(Si8O22)(OH)2Mon.

Common AssociatesMon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.Clino-suenoite◻{Mn2+2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.Mangani-eckermanniteNaNa2(Mg4Mn3+)Si8O22(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.05Permanganogrunerite◻{Mn2+2}{Mn2+5}(Si8O22)(OH)2Mon.9.DE.05Cummingtonite◻{Mg2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.05Ferri-fluoro-leakeite{Na}{Na2}{Mg2Fe3+2Li}(Si8O22)F2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.05Grunerite◻{Fe2+2}{Fe2+5}(Si8O22)(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.05Clino-holmquistite Root Name Group◻{Li2}{Z2+3Z3+2}(Si8O22)(OH,F,Cl)2Mon.9.DE.10Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.10Fluoro-cannilloiteCaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si5Al3)O22F2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.10JoesmithitePb2+Ca2(Mg3Fe3+2)(Si6Be2)O22(OH)2Mon. 2/m :P2/b9.DE.10Clino-ferro-suenoite◻{Mn2+2}{Fe2+5}(Si8O22)(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.10Fluoro-tremolite◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)F2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.10Parvo-manganotremolite◻{CaMn2+}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.10Magnesio-ferri-hornblende◻Ca2(Mg4Fe3+)[(Si7Al)O22](OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.10Ferro-ferri-hornblende◻Ca2(Fe2+4Fe3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.10Ferro-cannilloiteCaCa2(Fe2+4Al)(Si5Al3O22)OH29.DE.10Ferro-ferri-cannilloiteCaCa2(Fe2+4Fe3+)(Si5Al3O22)OH29.DE.10Ferro-fluoro-actinolite◻{Ca2}{Fe5}(Si8O22)F29.DE.10Ferro-fluoro-hornblende◻Ca2(Fe2+4Al)(AlSi7O22)F29.DE.10Magnesio-ferri-fluoro-hornblende◻Ca2(Mg4Fe3+)(AlSi7O22)F2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.10Ferro-ferri-fluoro-hornblende◻Ca2(Fe2+4Fe3+)(AlSi7O22)F29.DE.10Ferri-fluoro-tschermakite◻{Ca2}{Mg3Fe3+2}(Al2Si6O22)F29.DE.10Ferro-ferri-fluoro-tschermakite◻{Ca2}{Fe2+3Fe3+2}(Al2Si6O22)F29.DE.10Ferro-fluoro-tschermakite◻{Ca2}{Fe2+3Al2}(Al2Si6O22)F29.DE.10Fluoro-tschermakite◻{Ca2}{Mg3Al2}(Al2Si6O22)F29.DE.10Magnesio-fluoro-hornblende◻Ca2(Mg4Al)(AlSi7O22)F29.DE.10Tremolite◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.10Ferro-ferri-tschermakite◻{Ca2}{Fe2+3Fe3+2}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2Mon.9.DE.10CannilloiteCaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si5Al3O22)OH2Mon.9.DE.10Tschermakite◻(Ca2)(Mg3Al2)(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.10Magnesio-hornblende◻Ca2(Mg4Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.10Ferri-tschermakite◻{Ca2}{Mg3Fe3+2}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2Mon.9.DE.10Ferro-actinolite◻Ca2Fe2+5(Si8O22)(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.10Ferro-hornblende◻Ca2(Fe2+4Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.10Ferro-tschermakite◻{Ca2}{Fe2+3Al2}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.15Potassic-chloro-pargasiteKCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22Cl2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.15Ferro-fluoro-pargasite(Na)(Ca2)(Fe2+4Al)(Al2Si6O22)F29.DE.15Potassic-ferro-chloro-edeniteKCa2Fe2+5(AlSi7O22)Cl29.DE.15Ferro-ferri-sadanagaite{Na}{Ca2}{Fe2+3Fe3+2}(Al3Si5O22)(OH)2Mon.9.DE.15HastingsiteNaCa2(Fe2+4Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.15Fluoro-edeniteNaCa2Mg5(Si7Al)O22F2Mon. 2/m :P2/m9.DE.15PargasiteNaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.15Magnesio-fluoro-hastingsiteNaCa2(Mg4Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22F2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.15Potassic-fluoro-hastingsiteKCa2(Fe2+4Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22F2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.15Potassic-chloro-hastingsiteKCa2(Fe2+4Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22Cl2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.15Unnamed (F-dominant analogue of Ferri-kaersutite)(Na,K)Ca2[Mg3(Fe3+,Fe2+)Ti](Si6Al2O22)(F,O)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.15EdeniteNaCa2Mg5(Si7Al)O22(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.15Potassic-sadanagaite{K}{Ca2}{Mg3Al2}(Al3Si5O22)(OH)2Mon. 29.DE.15Ferri-kaersutiteNaCa2(Mg3Fe3+Ti)(Si6Al2O22)O2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.15Potassic-pargasiteKCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.15Potassic-ferro-sadanagaite{K}{Ca2}{Fe2+3Al2}(Al3Si5O22)(OH)2Mon.9.DE.15KaersutiteNaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.15Ferro-chloro-pargasiteNaCa2(Fe2+4Al)(Al2Si6O22)Cl29.DE.15Potassic-fluoro-pargasiteKCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22F2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.15Potassic-ferro-ferri-sadanagaite{K}{Ca2}{Fe2+3Fe3+2}(Al3Si5O22)(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.15Fluoro-pargasiteNaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22F2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.15Parvo-mangano-edenite{Na}{CaMn2+}{Mg5}(AlSi7O22)(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.15Ferro-fluoro-edeniteNaCa2Fe2+5(AlSi7O22)F2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.15Mangani-pargasiteNaCa2(Mg4Mn3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.15Sadanagaite{Na}{Ca2}{Mg3Al2}(Si5Al3O22)(OH)2Mon.9.DE.15Magnesio-hastingsiteNaCa2(Mg4Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.15Ferri-sadanagaite{Na}{Ca2}{Mg3Fe3+2}(Al3Si5O22)(OH)29.DE.15Ferro-sadanagaite{Na}{Ca2}{Fe3Al2}(Al3Si5O22)(OH)29.DE.15Ferri-fluoro-sadanagaite{Na}{Ca2}{Mg3Fe3+2}(Al3Si5O22)F29.DE.15Ferro-ferri-fluoro-sadanagaite{Na}{Ca2}{Fe2+3Fe3+2}(Al3Si5O22)F29.DE.15Ferro-fluoro-sadanagaite{Na}{Ca2}{Fe2+3Al2}(Al3Si5O22)F29.DE.15Fluoro-sadanagaite{Na}{Ca2}{Mg3Al2}(Al3Si5O22)F29.DE.15Potassic-chloro-sadanagaite{K}{Ca2}{Mg3Al2}(Al3Si5O22)Cl29.DE.15Potassic-ferro-chloro-sadanagaite{K}{Ca2}{Fe2+3Al2}(Al3Si5O22)Cl29.DE.15Ferro-edeniteNaCa2Fe2+5(Si7Al)O22(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.15Oxo-magnesio-hastingsiteNaCa2(Mg3(Fe3+2-x,Tix))5(Si6Al2O22)O2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.15Potassic-ferro-pargasiteKCa2(Fe2+4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.15Potassic-hastingsiteKCa2(Fe2+4Fe3+)(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.15Fluoro-hastingsiteNaCa2(Fe2+4Fe3+)(Al2Si6O22)F29.DE.15Potassic-magnesio-hastingsiteKCa2(Mg4Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.15Vanadio-pargasiteNaCa2(Mg3+4V)(Al2Si6)O22(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.15Ferro-kaersutiteNaCa2{Fe2+3AlTi}(Si6Al2O22)O2Mon.9.DE.15Chromio-pargasiteNaCa2(Mg4Cr)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.15Ferro-pargasiteNaCa2(Fe2+4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.20Ghoseite◻[Mn2+Na][Mg4Al]Si8O22(OH)29.DE.20Potassic-ferro-taramiteK{CaNa}{Fe2+3Al2}{Si6Al2}O22(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.20Ferri-fluoro-katophoriteNa(CaNa)(Mg4Fe3+)(AlSi7O22)F2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.20Barroisite◻{CaNa}{Mg3Al2}(AlSi7O22)(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.20Fluoro-richterite{Na}{CaNa}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(F,OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.20Potassic-ferro-ferri-taramiteK(CaNa)(Fe2+3Fe3+2)(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.20Potassic-ferri-katophoriteK(CaNa)(Mg4Fe3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH)29.DE.20Potassic-ferro-richterite{K}{CaNa}{Fe2+5}Si8O22(OH)29.DE.20Potassic-fluoro-richterite{K}{CaNa}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(F,OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.20Potassic-richterite{K}{CaNa}{Mg5}Si8O22(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.20Ferri-ghoseite◻[Mn2+Na][Mg4Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.20Fluoro-taramite{Na}{CaNa}{Mg3Al2}(Al2Si6O22)F2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.20Ferro-ferri-fluoro-katophoriteNa(CaNa)(Fe2+4Fe3+)(AlSi7O22)F2Mon.9.DE.20RichteriteNa(NaCa)Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.20Ferri-winchite◻(NaCa)(Mg4Fe3+)Si8O22(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.20Fluoro-katophoriteNa(CaNa)(Mg4Al)(AlSi7O22)F2Mon.9.DE.20Hjalmarite{Na}(NaMn}{Mg5}Si8O22(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.20Ferro-taramiteNa(CaNa)(Fe2+3Al2)(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.20Clinoferroholmquistite◻Li2[Fe2+3Al2]Si8O22(OH,F)29.DE.20Ferro-katophorite{Na}{CaNa}{Fe2+4Al}[(AlSi7)O22](OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.20TaramiteNa(CaNa)(Mg3Al2)(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.20Potassic-fluoro-katophoriteK(CaNa)(Mg4Al)(AlSi7O22)F29.DE.20Ferro-fluoro-katophoriteNa(CaNa)(Fe2+4Al)(AlSi7O22)F29.DE.20Ferri-katophoriteNa(CaNa)(Mg4Fe3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.20Ferro-ferri-barroisite◻(CaNa)(Fe2+3Fe3+2)(AlSi7O22)(OH)29.DE.20Ferri-taramiteNa(CaNa)(Mg3Fe3+2)(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.20Potassic-ferro-ferri-katophorite{K}{CaNa}{Fe2+4Fe3+}[(AlSi7)O22](OH)29.DE.20Ferro-ferri-winchite◻[CaNa][Fe2+4(Fe3+,Al)]Si8O22(OH)29.DE.20Winchite◻{CaNa}{Mg4Al}(Si8O22)(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.20Ferro-fluoro-richterite{Na}{CaNa}{Fe2+5}(Si8O22)F29.DE.20Fluoro-winchite◻{CaNa}{Mg4Al}(Si8O22)F29.DE.20Ferro-fluoro-winchite◻{CaNa}{Fe2+4Al}(Si8O22)F29.DE.20Ferri-barroisite◻(CaNa)(Mg3Fe3+2)(AlSi7O22)(OH)29.DE.20Ferro-ferri-taramiteNa(CaNa)(Fe2+3Fe3+2)(Al2Si6O22)(OH)29.DE.20Ferri-fluoro-barroisite◻{CaNa}{Mg3Fe3+2}(AlSi7O22)F29.DE.20Ferro-fluoro-barroisite◻{CaNa}{Fe2+3Al2}(AlSi7O22)F29.DE.20Ferro-ferri-fluoro-barroisite◻{CaNa}{Fe2+3Fe3+2}(AlSi7O22)F29.DE.20Fluoro-barroisite◻{CaNa}{Mg3Al2}(AlSi7O22)F29.DE.20Ferro-ferri-katophoriteNa(NaCa)(Fe2+4Fe3+)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.20Ferri-fluoro-taramiteNa(CaNa)(Mg3Fe3+2)(Al2Si6O22)F29.DE.20Ferro-ferri-fluoro-taramiteNa(CaNa)(Fe2+3Fe3+2)(Al2Si6O22)F29.DE.20Ferro-fluoro-taramiteNa(CaNa)(Fe2+3Al2)(Al2Si6O22)F29.DE.20Potassic-ferri-taramiteK(CaNa)(Mg3Fe3+2)(Al2Si6O22)(OH)29.DE.20Magnesiotaramite{Na}{CaNa}{Mg3AlFe3+}(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2Mon.9.DE.20Ferro-barroisite◻{CaNa}{Fe2+3Al2}(AlSi7O22)(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.20Scandio-winchite◻(NaCa)(Mg4Sc)(Si8O22)(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.20Ferro-richterite{Na}{CaNa}{Fe2+5}(Si8O22)(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.20Katophorite{Na}{CaNa}{Mg4Al}[(AlSi7)O22](OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.20Ferro-winchite ◻{CaNa}{Fe2+4Al}(Si8O22)(OH)2Mon.9.DE.25Clino-sodic-fluoro-holmquistite{Na}{Li2}{Mg4Al}(Si8O22)F29.DE.25Ferro-ferri-nybøiteNaNa2[(Fe2+3,Mg)Fe3+2](AlSi7O22)(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.25Clino-ferro-ferri-holmquistite◻{Li2}{Fe2+3Fe3+2}(Si8O22)(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.25Oxo-pargasiteNaCa2(Mg3(Al2-xTix))5(Si6Al2O22)O29.DE.25Ferri-nybøiteNaNa2(Mg3Fe3+2](AlSi7O22)(OH)2Mon.9.DE.25Ferro-ferri-leakeite[Na][Na2][Fe2+2Fe3+2Li]Si8O22(OH)2Mon.9.DE.25Ferro-ferri-fluoro-leakeiteNa(Na2)(Fe2+2Fe3+2Li)(Si8O22)(F)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.25Ferri-leakeite[Na][Na2][Mg2Fe3+2Li]Si8O22(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.25Fluoro-pedriziteNaLi2(Mg2Al2Li)(Si8O22)F2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.25EckermanniteNaNa2(Mg4Al}Si8O22(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.25Arfvedsonite[Na][Na2][Fe2+4Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.25Mangano-ferri-fluoro-leakeiteNaNa2(Mn2+2Fe3+2Li)[Si8O22]F2Mon.9.DE.25Ferri-obertiiteNaNa2(Mg3Fe3+Ti)Si8O22O2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.25Unnamed (Possible K-analogue of Ferri-obertiite)KNa2((Mg,Fe,Na)3Fe3+(Ti,Fe))Si8O22(O,F)29.DE.25Magnesio-fluoro-arfvedsonite[Na][Na2][Mg4Fe3+][Si8O22](F,OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.25Ferro-fluoro-glaucophane◻[Na2][Fe2+3Al2]Si8O22F29.DE.25Oxo-mangani-leakeiteNaNa2(Mn3+4Li)Si8O22O2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.25Fluoro-leakeiteNaNa2(Mg2Al2Li)(Si8O22)F2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.25NybøiteNaNa2(Mg3Al2)(AlSi7O22)(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.25Sodic-ferri-clinoferroholmquistiteNa0.5{Li2}{Fe2+3Fe3+2}(Si8O22)(OH)2Mon.9.DE.25Potassic-arfvedsonite[(K,Na)][Na2][Fe2+4Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.25Potassic-mangano-mangani-ungarettiiteKNa2(Mn2+2Mn3+3)Si8O22O29.DE.25Potassic-jeanlouisiteK(NaCa)(Mg4Ti)Si8O22O2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.25Ferri-pedrizite[Na][Li2][Mg2Fe3+2Li]Si8O22(OH)2Mon.9.DE.25Glaucophane◻[Na2][Mg3Al2]Si8O22(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.25Ferro-fluoro-pedriziteNa(Li2)(Fe2+2Al2Li)[Si8O22]F2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.25Potassic-ferri-leakeite[K][Na2][Mg2Fe3+2Li]Si8O22(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.25Potassic-magnesio-fluoro-arfvedsonite[(K,Na)][Na2][Mg4Fe3+][Si8O22][(F,OH)2]Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.25Mangani-obertiiteNaNa2(Mg3Mn3+Ti4+)Si8O22O2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.25Scandio-fluoro-eckermannite NaNa2(Mg4Sc)(Si8O22)F2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.25Ferro-eckermanniteNaNa2(Fe2+4Al)Si8O22(OH)2Mon.9.DE.25Ferro-ferri-pedrizite[Na][Li2][Fe2+2Fe3+2Li]Si8O22(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.25PedriziteNaLi2(LiMg2Al2)(Si8O22)(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.25Ferro-pedriziteNaLi2(Fe2+2Al2Li)Si8O22(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.25Potassic-mangani-leakeite[(Na,K)][Na2][Mg2Mn3+2Li]Si8O22(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.25Clino-fluoro-holmquistite◻{Li2}{Mg3Al2}(Si8O22)F29.DE.25Ferro-ferri-obertiiteNaNa2(Fe2+3Fe3+Ti)Si8O22O2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.25Magnesio-riebeckite◻{Na2}{Mg3Fe3+2}(Si8O22)(OH)2Mon.9.DE.25Potassic-magnesio-arfvedsonite[K][Na2][Mg4Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.25Fluoro-nybøiteNaNa2(Mg3Al2)(AlSi7O22)(F,OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.25Mangano-ferri-eckermannite{Na}{Na2}{Mn2+4Fe3+}Si8O22(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.25Fluoro-glaucophane◻[Na2][Mg3Al2]Si8O22F29.DE.25Fluoro-riebeckite◻{Na2}{Fe2+3Fe3+2}(Si8O22)F2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.25Magnesio-fluoro-riebeckite◻{Na2}{Mg3Fe3+2}(Si8O22)F29.DE.25Fluoro-eckermanniteNaNa2(Mg4Al}Si8O22F29.DE.25Ferro-fluoro-eckermanniteNaNa2(Fe2+4Al}Si8O22F29.DE.25Fluoro-arfvedsonite[Na][Na2][Fe2+4Fe3+]Si8O22F29.DE.25Magnesio-arfvedsonite{Na}{Na2}{Mg4Fe3+}(Si8O22)(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.25Ferri-fluoro-nybøiteNaNa2(Mg3Fe3+2)(AlSi7O22)F29.DE.25Ferro-ferri-fluoro-nybøiteNaNa2(Fe2+3Fe3+2)(AlSi7O22)F29.DE.25Ferro-glaucophane◻[Na2][Fe2+3Al2]Si8O22(OH)2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.25Ferro-fluoro-nybøiteNaNa2(Fe2+3Al2)(AlSi7O22)F29.DE.25Mangani-dellaventuraiteNaNa2(MgMn3+2Ti4+Li)Si8O22O2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.25Ferro-leakeiteNaNa2(Fe2+2Al2Li)(Si8O22)(OH)29.DE.25LeakeiteNaNa2(Mg2Al2Li)(Si8O22)(OH)29.DE.25Potassic-leakeiteKNa2(Mg2Al2Li)(Si8O22)(OH)29.DE.25Ferri-fluoro-pedriziteNaLi2(LiMg2Fe3+2)(Si8O22)F29.DE.25Ferro-ferri-fluoro-pedriziteNaLi2(LiFe2+2Fe3+2)(Si8O22)F29.DE.25Ferro-nybøiteNaNa2(Fe2+3Al2)(AlSi7)O22(OH)2Mon.9.DE.25Clino-ferro-ferri-fluoro-holmquistite◻{Li2}{Fe2+3Fe3+2}(Si8O22)F29.DE.25Mangano-mangani-ungarettiiteNaNa2(Mn2+2Mn3+3)(Si8O22)O2Mon. 2/m :B2/m9.DE.25Clino-ferri-fluoro-holmquistite◻{Li2}{Mg3Fe3+2}(Si8O22)F29.DE.25Clino-ferro-fluoro-holmquistite◻{Li2}{Fe2+3Al2}(Si8O22)F2

Fluorescence of Riebeckite

Other InformationGranitoid
  • Syenitoid
  • Metamorphic rock

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    • References for RiebeckiteⓘKuglianyBrandstätter et al. (2000)
    Algeria
     
    M. GirodM. GirodAzzouni‐Sekkal et al. (1987)Remy (Sahara Central)+2 other references
    Angola
     
    Holmes (1915)+3 other references
    Antarctica
     
    Davies (1984)Goldring (1962)
    Argentina
     
    Dina (1993)Woolley (1987)
    Australia
     
    Wormald et al. (1988)Stevens+2 other referencesGardner+1 other referenceKnutson+4 other referencesBlack et al. (1978)+3 other referencesWellman (1978)+3 other referencesMineralium Deposita 44 (2009)+2 other referencesMurray (1975)+2 other referencesStevens+3 other referencesBryan et al. (1973)+3 other referencesGov't Geol. Recon. Map (1954)Taheri+1 other referenceRoss+2 other referencesSpencer-Jones+1 other referenceWoolley (2019)Barley et al. (1999)Miyano et al. (1983)Ayres (1972)+1 other referencewww.mininglegacies.org (2015)Grubb (1971)www.mininglegacies.org (2015)Jacobson et al. (2007)Lascelles (2006)West Angelas Closure Plan February 2015 ...Van De Graaff
    Austria
     
    Koller (1978)Walter et al. (2015)Alber (1987)Zemann (1950)+1 other referenceExel (1993)+1 other referenceKolitsch et al. (2016)Nĕmec (1988)Strasser (1995)
    Benin
     
    Hubert (1907)
    Bolivia
     
    more likely magnesioriebeckite+1 other reference
    Brazil
     
    Horbe et al. (1991)+2 other referencesHorbe et al. (1999)+5 other referencesacd.ufrj.br (2002)Pinto (1996)Mishra et al. (2024)Grangeiro et al. (2025)www.unb.br (2006)Rosa et al. (2018)Buch (2018)Vlach (2012)de Barros Gomes et al. (2017)
    Burkina Faso
     
    Ducellier (1963)
    Cameroon
     
    Koch (E41)+4 other referencesKoch (E41)+1 other referenceLasserre (1966)+3 other referencesLasserre (1978)Gouhier (1974)+1 other referenceLasserre (1978)Gèze (1953)+1 other referenceCantagrel et al. (1978)+1 other referenceKoch (O52)+1 other referenceLasserre (1978)Lasserre (1966)+2 other referencesLasserre (1978)+1 other referenceKouske et al. (2022)Koch+1 other referenceCantagrel et al. (1978)+1 other reference
    Canada
     
    Peatfield (n.d.)Yousefi et al. (2024)Klein (1966)Miller (1988)Curtis et al. (1977)GSC locality database+1 other referenceKlein (1966)Norman Wilson collection+2 other references ...+1 other referenceSheard et al. (2012)Li et al. (2021)Dai (1995)Sheard et al. (2012)Northern Mineral Showings DatabaseBoehner (1986)Doucette et al. (1997)Woolley (1987)Wehrle et al. (2023)rruff.info (2016)Williams-Jones et al. (1997)Hawley (1937)rruff.info (2016)Mielke (n.d.)Berger et al. (2009)Identified by Mineral Associates Inc.McLemore (2006)Ontario Ministry of Northern ...Berger et al. (2009)Currie (1980)Currie et al. (1996)Carl M. Lesher (1978)Smith (2021)Grice (1989)+1 other referenceBancroft & Howard (1923)Nadeau et al. (2016)Birkett et al. (1992)+1 other referenceGeol
    Chad
     
    Garde+2 other referencesBessoles et al. (1980)Olivier et al. (2021)Vincent (Sahara du Tchad)+4 other references
    China
     
    Wang et al. (2005)Wei et al. (2024)Zhao Zhenhua and Tu Guangzhi (1996)Wu et al. (2002)Wu et al. (2002)Xiaoshi Ding et al. (1981)Xinxiang (1989)+2 other referencesMei et al. (1998)Drew et al. (1990)+13 other referencesShao et al. (2023)Tu Guangchi and Wang Kaiyi (1997)Yi-Li et al. (2023)Smith (2007)Youbin Liang et al. (1981)+1 other referenceYang et al. (2003)Wu et al. (2021)Zhongxin Yuan and Ge Bai (1997)+2 other referencesThe Editorial Committee of the Mineral deposits in China (eds)Orris et al. (2002)Wu et al. (2005)Wu et al. (1996)Orris et al. (2002)Fenlian Wang et al. (2012)Huang et al. (2008)Congde Chen and Guangping Pu (1991)Yuquan Zhang and Yingwen Xie (1997)+2 other referencesZhang et al. (Eds.)+6 other referencesZhong et al. (2007)+4 other referencesLin et al. (1995)Zhang et al. (Eds.)+2 other referencesLifei Zhang et al. (1999)Yuping Su et al. (2007)Fuwen Chen et al. (1999)Zhou et al. (2008)Zhou et al. (2008)Lin et al. (2010)Li et al. (2008)+1 other referenceQiu et al. (2004)+1 other reference
    DR Congo
     
    Deliens (1996)Mambwe et al. (Ruashi Cu-Co Deposit)Denaeyer (1958)N.. Boutakoff. (1956)+7 other references
    Egypt
     
    Hashad et al. (1979)+2 other referencesMohamed (2013)El Ramly et al. (1979)El Ramly+6 other referencesHassan (2018)SabetAbdel-Maksoud et al. (1978)Schürmann (1926)+1 other referenceFeteha et al. (2022)El Ramly et al. (1982)M. Hassaan et al. (2009)Abdel Gawad et al. (2025)Abdel-Karim+5 other referencesAbu El-Leil+2 other references
    Ethiopia
     
    De Angelis+2 other referencesDi Paola (between 7º00' and 8º40' lat.north)+3 other referencesDi Paola (between 7º00' and 8º40' lat.north)+3 other referencesPagliani (1940)Comucci (Africa orientale)+4 other referencesMohr (1962)+2 other referencesGaeta et al. (1991)+1 other referenceBlanford (1870)+6 other references
    Finland
     
    Hytönen et al. (1-2)Al-Ani et al. (2018)Hytönen+1 other referenceSotka
    France
     
    Brousse+15 other referencesChopin (1978)Chopin (1978)Bonin et al. (1978)+1 other referencea possible case of evolution through volatile transfer. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France (5)+4 other referencesNougier (1972)+21 other referencesM.S. self collected in 2014Jean-Marie Lièvre collection.
    Germany
     
    Leon Hupperichs collection
    Greece
     
    Uwe Kolitsch (SEM-EDS analyses, to be published)Xypolias et al. (2012)Michailidis (1990)Michailidis (1990)Michailidis (1990)
    Greenland
     
    Bøggild (1953)+1 other referenceBradshaw (1988)+1 other referencePetersen (2001)Semenov et al. (1967)Upton et al. (1978)www.koeln.netsurf.de (1999)Larsen (1982)www.koeln.netsurf.de (1999)Stephenson et al. (1982)Bedford+1 other reference
    Hungary
     
    Koch (1985)Lemanski (n.d.)
    Iceland
     
    Macdonald et al. (1990)+2 other references
    India
     
    Suresh et al. (2010)Suresh et al. (2010)Suresh et al. (2010)Appavadhanulu (1966)+1 other referenceVijayam (1969)+1 other referenceMurty (1977)+1 other referenceVijayam (1969)+2 other referencesSuresh et al. (2010)Econ Geol. (1995)Khan et al. (1992)Santosh et al. (1986)+1 other referenceRajesh (2000)RathSahu et al. (2022)Jena et al. (2017)Pattnaik (1996)Basu et al. (1982)+1 other referenceBhushan+6 other referencesMondal et al. (2021)ParthasarathySrinivasan (1977)+1 other referenceSemenov et al. (1971)+2 other referencesRamasamy et al. (2013)Kaur et al. (2017)
    Indonesia
     
    Zglinicki+3 other references
    Iran
     
    Mazhari et al. (2009)
    Italy
     
    Wagner et al. (1985)Barresi et al. (2005)Oberti et al. (2018)Piccoli et al. (2007)Brizio et al. (2010)Piccoli et al. (2007)Piccoli et al. (2007)Piccoli et al. (2007)Palache et al. (1951)
    Ivory Coast
     
    Arnould (1961)+3 other references
    Jamaica
     
    Draper (1986)Abbott et al. (2008)
    Japan
     
    Matsubara et al. (1989)Aoki (1959)+1 other referenceMasutomi Museum specimensMem. Natn. Sci. Mus.+1 other referenceHashimoto (1974)Tomita (1936)+5 other references
    Kazakhstan
     
    Bailey (1980)+1 other referenceKogarko et al. (1995)Evseev (1995)Pekov (1998)Kogarko et al. (1995)Kogarko et al. (1995)
    Kenya
     
    Webb+2 other referencesTruckle (Scale 1:125000)+2 other referencesCampell Smith et al. (1968)Gregory (1900)+5 other referencesDavies et al. (1987)+4 other referencesMineralogical Magazine et al. (13)McCall (1967)+6 other referencesMcCall (1967)Mason et al. (1957)+1 other referenceSmith (1938)+3 other referencesSmith (1938)+1 other referenceMcCall et al. (1972)+3 other references
    Kyrgyzstan
     
    Terra Nostra 2001/2: 3
    Libya
     
    Atherton et al. (eds)+5 other references
    Madagascar
     
    M. Arligue photo and specimenJames+8 other referencesLacroix (1922)+1 other referenceBehier (1963)Lacroix (1922)+5 other referencesLacroix (1922)+1 other reference
    Malawi
     
    Bloomfield (1965)+1 other referencePeters+1 other referenceRay (1975)Eby et al. (1998)Hopkins+5 other referencesGarsonpdfs.semanticscholar.org (n.d.)+5 other referencesWooley (2001)Garson et al. (1969)Garson et al. (1969)Cairncross (2002)Garson (1960)+1 other referenceDowman et al. (2017)
    Mali
     
    Randabel et al. (2018)Ba et al. (1985)+1 other reference
    Mauritania
     
    Gevin (1:200000)+3 other referencesNations Unies 1974. Carte geologique de la dorsale regueibat. et de ses bordures sedimentaires (Partie orientale)+2 other referencesLameyre et al. (1967)+2 other referencesMarsh et al. (2015)Livrable 87+1 other reference
    Mexico
     
    Levinson (1962)Elias-Herrera et al. (1991)
    Middle East
     
    Gross (1977)
    Mongolia
     
    Dostal et al. (2015)Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)+2 other referencesKempe et al. (2015)Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)+1 other reference
    Mozambique
     
    Coelho (1959)+1 other referenceCoelho (1959)+1 other reference
    Namibia
     
    Chudoba (1930)+6 other referencesBlancher (2008)Ferguson et al. (1975)+3 other referencesBodeving (2015)Siedner (1965)+11 other referencesMiddlemost (1967)+1 other reference
    New Zealand
     
    Searle (1958)Hutton (1956)+5 other referencesNZJGGNZJGGNZJGGHay et al. (1970)+4 other referencesSmith+5 other referencesVon Blaramberg (1987)Cooper et al. (2008)+1 other referenceWood (1969)+1 other referenceWindle et al. (1991)+4 other referencesTulloch et al. (1994)Tulloch et al. (1990)+2 other referencesWoolley (2019)Cooper (1996)White (1962)
    Niger
     
    Black+2 other referencesBlack+2 other referencesBlack+4 other referencesconsequences. Bulletin de la Société géologique de France (6)+4 other referencesconsequences. Bulletin de la Société géologique de France (6)+4 other referencesJ. Fabriès and G. Rocci (1965)Black (1963)+5 other referencesBlack (1963)+2 other referencesconsequences. Bulletin de la Société géologique de France (6)+2 other references
    Nigeria
     
    Amuda et al. (2022)Yunusa et al. (2024)OMADA et al. (2003)Woolley (2001)Bailey (1980)
    North Korea
     
    Paek et al. (1993)INOUE Tami (1950)Inoue+3 other references
    North Macedonia
     
    Ermolaeva et al. (2019)
    Norway
     
    Kvamsdal (1998)Raade (2005)Kvamsdal (2024)Heldal+29 other referencesKresten et al. (1986)Burvald (1993)Burvald (1993)Larsen (2021)Dietrich et al. (1965)Barnes et al. (2003)+2 other referencesAndersen (2017)Frode Andersen & Svein Arne Berge ...Knut Edvard Larsen collection # 2806Larsen et al. (2009)Knut Edvard Larsen collection # MM- ...Brögger (1894)Dietrich et al. (1965)Kristiansen (2005)Knut Edvard Larsen collection # MM- 6273 ( Ex- Svein A Berge collection 1989)Berge et al. (2002)Berge (1980)Larsen et al. (2012)Larsen et al. (2010)Berge et al. (1975)+1 other referenceKnut Edvard Larsen collection # MM-1782Berge et al. (2002)Larsen et al. (2010)Berge et al. (2002)+1 other referenceLarsen et al. (2010)Berge et al. (2002)Berge et al. (2002)Berge et al. (1980)Berge (n.d.)Larsen et al. (2010)Larsen et al. (2010)
    Pakistan
     
    Kempe (1973)+2 other referencesLeavens et al. (2004)KEMPE (1983)Kempe et al. (1970)+5 other references
    Papua New Guinea
     
    Smith (1972)Sykora et al. (2018)McInnes et al. (1994)Worthing (1987)
    Poland
     
    Lis et al. (1986)Młynarska et al. (2022)+1 other referenceLis et al. (1986)Lis et al. (1986)Lis et al. (1986)Lis et al. (1986)Grabarczyk et al. (2022)Armbrustmacher et al. (1994)+6 other references
    Portugal
     
    Flahaut et al. (2018, September)Ribeiro (1987)Wright (1968)+4 other referencesMendes et al. (1957)Assunção et al. (gnaisses hastingsíticos)+3 other references
    Romania
     
    Hirtopanu Paulina et al. (2013)Szakáll et al. (2010)
    Russia
     
    Doroshkevich et al. (2007)Gordienko et al. (2016)Doroshkevich et al. (2010)Bailey (1980)+1 other referenceMurzin et al. (2018)Stifeeva et al. (2023)Savel’eva et al. (2008)Mordberg et al. (2001)Voloshin et al. (2005)+1 other referenceKogarko et al. (1995)Sorokhtina et al. (2016) ...Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data (2010)Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)Macdonald et al. (2022)Kalashnikov et al. (2016)Kuleshevich et al. (2008)Bea et al. (2001)Borozdin et al. (2014, January)NoklebergDoroshkevich et al. (2016)Bailey (1980)Vetrov et al. (2022)USGS Open File Report 2005-1252 p20+2 other references
    Saint Helena， Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
     
    Bell+20 other references
    Saudi Arabia
     
    Al-Koulak+1 other referenceDelfour (1977)+2 other referencesStoeser et al. (1985)+1 other referenceAl-Muallem et al. (and Explanatory Notes)+1 other referenceVaslet et al. (1985)+1 other referenceKemp (1981)Clark (1981)+1 other referenceBaker et al. (1973)+1 other referenceKemp et al. (1982)+1 other referenceKemp et al. (1982)Küster (2009)Pellaton et al. (and Explanatory Notes)+1 other referenceGreenwood (1980)+1 other referenceSable et al. (with Explanatory notes)Letalenet (1979)Clark et al. (with Explanation)Harris et al. (1980)+1 other referenceGrainger et al. (1989)
    Seychelles
     
    Hoshino (1986)+1 other referenceBaker (1963)+1 other reference
    Slovakia
     
    Koděra (1986)Koděra (1986)Koděra (1986)Koděra (1986)
    South Africa
     
    USGS Open-File Report 02-189Cairncross et al. (1995)Cairncross et al. (1995)Hall (1988)Cairncross et al. (1995)M. Arliguie and Van King specimens.
    South Korea
     
    Choi et al. (2013)Lee et al. (1995)
    Spain
     
    Juan Miguel Jiménez analyses+1 other referenceJoan Rosell et al. (2023)Dupont (syenite alcaline et granite a riebeckite/arfvedsonite - aegyrine)Parga-Pondal (1956)+2 other referencesFloor+5 other referencesFloor (1961)Juan Miguel Casanova Honrubia
    Sweden
     
    Adamson (1944)Quensel (1913)+3 other referencesKresten+19 other referencesLundegårdh (1953)
    Switzerland
     
    Stalder et al. (1998)Philipp. R. (1982)+1 other referencePhilipp. R. (1982)Philipp. R. (1982)+1 other referenceStalder et al. (1998)Found by F. VaniniStalder et al. (1998)Stalder et al. (1998)
    Tajikistan
     
    www.koeln.netsurf.de (1999)
    Tanzania
     
    Harmer et al. (2016)
    Turkey
     
    Innocenti et al. (1972)Otlu et al. (1999)+1 other referenceOtlu et al. (1999)+1 other referenceSunkari et al. (2025)Sunkari et al. (2025)Boztuğ+1 other referenceBoztuğ+2 other references
    UK
     
    A. Hall (1982)+2 other referencesDavidson (1935)Tanner et al. (1972)Phemister (1926)+5 other referencesTyrrell (1928)+1 other referenceTyrrell (1928)+3 other referencesJudd+7 other referencesYoung et al. (1978)Eckford et al. (1931)+1 other referenceElliot et al. (eds)+15 other referencesPhemister et al. (1950)+1 other referenceHarrison et al. (1987)+1 other referenceFitch (1967)+2 other referencesNockolds (1938)+3 other references
    Ukraine
     
    Dudar et al. (2018)Dudar et al. (2018)Cuney et al. (2012)Cuney et al. (2012)+1 other referenceAV et al. (2011)+2 other referencesCuney et al. (2012)+1 other referenceCuney et al. (2012)Baranov et al. (2009)+1 other referenceДУБИНА et al. (2014)Liventseva (n.d.)+1 other referenceKogarko et al. (1995)
    USA
     
    Am Min 69:106-199BarkerAnthony et al. (1995)Robinson (1913)H. Barwood - unpublished (2010)Smith (1988)+1 other referenceHenry Barwood - unpublished (2010)Pemberton (1983)+1 other referenceAlbino (1995)Nash (1988)PelletierChesterman (1966b)+4 other referencesMuir Wood (1979)Ernst (1965)+2 other referencesUSGS Bulletin 2160Erd et al. (1984)COLEMAN et al. (1963)+3 other referencesSwitzer (1951)+2 other referencesSwitzer (1951)+2 other referencesMurdoch (1966)+2 other referencesDurrell (1940a)+3 other referencesKnopf (1929)+3 other referencesEckel et al. (1997)Eckel et al. (1997)Eckel et al. (1997)- (2005)- (2005)Adams et al. (1974)+1 other referenceLandes (1935)Eckel et al. (1997)- (2005)Gross et al. (1966)Gross et al. (1966)Hanson et al. (2013)USGS Bull 2192+1 other referenceEckel et al. (1997)Eckel et al. (1997)Eckel et al. (1997)Eckel et al. (1997)Am. Min. 51:1088-1106Eckel et al. (1997)Eckel et al. (1997)USGS Bull 2192.+1 other referenceEckel et al. (1997)Eckel et al. (1997)Wayne C. Shanks et al. (2012)Stearns et al. (1947)+2 other referencesWest et al. (2016)King et al. (1994)Toulmin et al. (1957)GilmanKing et al. (1994)GilmanMines of the Washington D.C AreaGleba (2008)Dale (1908)P Cristofono collectionP. Cristofono collectionDale (1910)Emerson (1917)DaleDaleSayer (1974)Former Dr. W. Johannson collectionDaleDalePalache et al. (1951)Dale (1908)DaleDaleDale (1908)DaleDaleDaleDaleDaleDaleDale (1908)DaleWarren et al. (1914) ...Gleba (2008)Heinrich et al. (2004)Heinrich et al. (2004)Heinrich et al. (2004)Morris (1983)Heinrich et al. (2004)Morris (1983)Heinrich et al. (2004)- (2005)Sherwood et al. (1998)Daniel Hummer CollectionVelde (1975)Immega et al. (1976)Castor et al. (2004)Castor et al. (2004)Castor et al. (2004)Castor et al. (2004)Rocks and Minerals (1990)MorrillKent et al. (2000)Dana 6: 1065.Northrop et al. (1996)Northrop et al. (1996)USGS Open-File Report 02-189+1 other referenceNorthrop et al. (1996)+1 other referenceNorthrop et al. (1996)NY State Museum spec. no. 19349- (Januzzi, 1966, 1989)+1 other referenceWoolley (1987)Ackermann et al. (2003)Handbook of Mineralogy (localities)R&M 72:4 pp 252-264Muir Wood (1982)McLemore (2006)Sloto et al. (1994)Hermes et al. (1985)Miller (1971)Miller (1971)Miller. C. E. (1971)+1 other referenceMichael W. Kieron collectionWhite (1970)- (2005)Smith (1991)Bullock (1981)Dietrich (1990)Dietrich (1990)JL Jerden Jr (2001)+1 other referenceAmerican Mineralogist+1 other reference- (2005)Kimball (1984,)+1 other referenceAm.Jour.Sci. vol. 23 (1907)Cordua (1998)Cordua (1998)Cordua (1998)Weidman S.James Cheshire collection
    Venezuela
     
    U. S. Geological Survey+3 other references
    Vietnam
     
    Tran et al. (2015)+2 other referencesTran et al. (2015)+3 other references
    Yemen
     
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    Zimbabwe
     
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