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Armalcolite

A valid IMA mineral species
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(Mg,Fe2+)Ti2O5
Colour:
Grey
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
5
Specific Gravity:
4.94
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Member of:
Pseudobrookite Group
Name:
Named in 1970 by A. T. Andersen, T. E. Bunch, Eugene N. Cameron, S. E. Haggery, F. R. Boyd, O. B. James, K. Keil, Marun Prinz, Paul Ramdohr, and A. El Goresy. This name is in honor of the first three astronauts who traveled to Earth's Moon. The name is an acronym derived from the last names of Neil Alden ARMstrong (1930-2012), Edwin Eugene ALdrin (1930-) and Michael COLlins (1930-2021), the Apollo 11 astronauts who collected the type samples.
Type Locality:
ⓘTranquillity Base (Apollo 11 landing site), Mare Tranquillitatis (Sea of Tranquility), The Moon
Armalcolite-Pseudobrookite Series.

Compare alsokarrooite.


Unique Identifiers
First published:
1970
Type description reference:
Anderson, A.T., Bunch, T.E, Cameron, E.N, Haggerty, S.E., Boyd, F.R., Finger, L.W., James, O.B., Keil, K., Prinz, M., Ramdohr, P., El Goresy, A. (1970) Armalcolite, a new mineral from the Apollo 11 samples. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta: 34: Supplement 1: 55-63.

Classification of Armalcolite

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
C : Metal: Oxygen = 2: 3,3: 5, and similar
B : With medium-sized cations
Dana 8th ed.:
7.7.1.2

7 : MULTIPLE OXIDES
7 : AB2X5
Hey's CIM Ref.:
7.9.21

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
9 : Oxides of Ti

Mineral Symbols
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Grey
Hardness:
5 onMohs scale
Density:
4.94 g/cm3 (Measured)    4.64 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of Armalcolite

Crystallography of Armalcolite
General Appearance of Type Material:
subhedral to anhedral grains to 300 µm across
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Lunar Science Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
Geological Setting of Type Material:
in Ti-rich basalt and microbreccias of lunar samples, formed at low pressures and high temperatures
Reference:
Anderson, A.T., Bunch, T.E, Cameron, E.N, Haggerty, S.E., Boyd, F.R., Finger, L.W., James, O.B., Keil, K., Prinz, M., Ramdohr, P., El Goresy, A. (1970) Armalcolite, a new mineral from the Apollo 11 samples. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta: 34: Supplement 1: 55-63.

Other Language Names for Armalcolite

Relationship of Armalcolite to other Species
Other Members of Pseudobrookite Group:
FerropseudobrookiteFe2+Ti2O5Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m) :Cmcm
GriffiniteAl2TiO5Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m) :Cmcm
PseudobrookiteFe2TiO5Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
SassiteTi3+2Ti4+O5Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m) :Cmcm
Forms a series with:
PseudobrookiteArmalcolite-Pseudobrookite Series

Common AssociatesTrig.3m(32/m) :R3m4.CB.Ferrohögbomite-2N2S[(Fe2+,Mg,Zn,Al)3(Al,Ti,Fe3+)8O15(OH)]2Hex. 6mm :P63mc4.CB.Zhenruite(MoO3)2 · H2OMon. 2/m :P21/m4.CB.FuyuaniteMg7Nb6O18(OH)8Trig.3 :P34.CB.VirgilluethiteMoO3 · H2OMon. 2/m :P21/b4.CB.Pengite(Pb8Sb3+3)Σ11Sb5+9O35Trig.3m(32/m) :R3m4.CB.05BrizziiteNaSb5+O3Trig.3 :R34.CB.05TistariteTi3+2O3Trig.3m(32/m) :R3c4.CB.05HematiteFe2O3Trig.3m(32/m) :R3c4.CB.05EcandrewsiteZnTiO3Trig.3 :R34.CB.05MelanostibiteMn2+2Fe3+Sb5+O6Trig. 3 :R34.CB.05UM1998-11-O-AuHSbAu+2Sb3+O2(OH)4.CB.05KarelianiteV3+2O3Trig.3m(32/m) :R3c4.CB.05CorundumAl2O3Trig.3m(32/m) :R3c4.CB.05EskolaiteCr2O3Trig.3m(32/m) :R3c4.CB.05GeikieliteMgTiO3Trig. 3 :R34.CB.05AkimotoiteMgSiO3Trig.3 :R34.CB.05Unnamed (Fe-Cr Oxide)FeCrO3Trig.3 :R34.CB.05AuroantimonateAuSbO34.CB.05Hemleyite(Fe2+0.48Mg0.37Ca0.04Na0.04Mn2+0.03Al0.03Cr3+0.01)sum=1.00Si1.00O3Trig.3 :R34.CB.05IlmeniteFe2+TiO3Trig.3 :R34.CB.05PyrophaniteMn2+TiO3Trig.3 :R34.CB.10Bixbyite-(Fe)(Fe,Mn)2O3Iso.4.CB.10Bixbyite-(Mn)Mn3+2O3Iso.m3(2/m3) :Ia34.CB.10AvicenniteTl2O3Iso.m3(2/m3) :Ia34.CB.15FerropseudobrookiteFe2+Ti2O5Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m) :Cmcm4.CB.15GriffiniteAl2TiO5Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m) :Cmcm4.CB.15Pseudobrookite Group4.CB.15SassiteTi3+2Ti4+O5Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m) :Cmcm4.CB.15PseudobrookiteFe2TiO5Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m)4.CB.20Zincovelesite-6N6SZn3(Fe3+,Mn3+,Al,Ti)8O15(OH)Trig.3m(32/m) :P3m14.CB.20Magnesiohögbomite-2N4S(Mg8.43Fe2+1.57)sum=10Al22Ti4+2O46(OH)2Hex. 6mm :P63mc4.CB.20Magnesiobeltrandoite-2N3S(Mg6Al2)(Al18Fe3+2)O38(OH)2Trig. 3m :P3m14.CB.20Zincohögbomite-2N6S[(Zn,Mg)7(Al,Fe3+,Ti)16O31(OH)]2Hex. 6mm :P63mc4.CB.20Magnesiohögbomite-6N6S[(Mg,Fe2+)3(Al,Ti,Fe3+)8O15(OH)]6Trig.3m(32/m) :R3m4.CB.20Magnesiohögbomite-2N3S[(Mg,Fe2+,Zn)4(Al,Ti,Fe3+)10O19(OH)]2Trig.3m(32/m) :P31m4.CB.20Magnesiohögbomite-2N2S[(Mg,Fe2+)3[Al7(Ti,Fe3+)]O15(OH)]2Hex. 6mm :P63mc4.CB.20Ferrohögbomite-6N12S[(Fe2+,Mg,Zn)5(Al,Ti,Fe3+)12O23(OH)]6Trig.3m(32/m) :R3m4.CB.20Zincohögbomite-2N2S[(Zn,Al,Fe2+)3(Al,Fe3+,Ti)8O15(OH)]2Hex. 6mm :P63mc4.CB.25KleberiteFeTi6O11(OH)5Mon. 2/m :P21/b4.CB.25PseudorutileFe2Ti3O9Hex. 622 :P63224.CB.30OxyvaniteV3+2V4+O5Mon. 2/m :B2/b4.CB.30BerdesinskiiteV3+2TiO5Mon.4.CB.30KaitianiteTi3+2Ti4+O5Mon. 2/m :B2/b4.CB.35MachiiteAl2Ti3O9Mon. 2/m :B2/b4.CB.35Vestaite(Ti4+Fe2+)Ti4+3O9Mon. 2/m :B2/b4.CB.35Olkhonskite(Cr,V)2Ti3O9Mon.4.CB.35SchreyeriteV3+2Ti4+3O9Mon. 2/m :B2/b4.CB.40Zincorinmanite-(Zn)Zn2Sb2(Fe3+4Zn2)O14(OH)2Hex. 6mm :P63mc4.CB.40MajindeiteMg2Mo3O8Hex. 6mm :P63mc4.CB.40AlmagreraiteCuZnMn4+3O8Orth.mm2 :Pmn214.CB.40KamiokiteFe2Mo3O8Hex. 6mm :P63mc4.CB.40NolaniteV3+8Fe3+2O14(OH)2Hex. 6mm :P63mc4.CB.40IseiteMn2Mo3O8Hex. 6mm :P63mc4.CB.40RinmaniteZn2Sb2Mg2Fe4O14(OH)2Hex. 6 :P634.CB.45StibioclaudetiteAsSbO3Mon. 2/m :P21/m4.CB.45ClaudetiteAs2O3Mon. 2/m4.CB.50SenarmontiteSb2O3Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m4.CB.50ArsenoliteAs2O3Iso.m3m(4/m32/m) :Fd3m4.CB.55ValentiniteSb2O3Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m) :Pccn4.CB.60BismiteBi2O3Mon. 2/m :P21/b4.CB.65SphaerobismoiteBi2O3Tet.4.CB.70SilléniteBi12SiO20Iso. 23 :I234.CB.75KyzylkumiteV3+Ti2O5(OH)Mon. 2/m :P21/b4.CB.80TietaiyangiteFe3+4Fe2+TiO9Hex.4.CB.85LiuiteFeTiO3Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m) :Pnma4.CB.90LuogufengiteFe2O3Orth.mm2 :Pna214.CB.95WangdaodeiteFeTiO3Trig. 3m :R3c

Other InformationBasic volcanic rock

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    • References for ArmalcoliteⓘAllan Hills 85085 meteoriteMakoto Kimura & Ahmed El Goresy (1989)
    Argentina
     
    Tassara et al. (2017)
    Australia
     
    Ikeda et al. (1996)+1 other reference
    Austria
     
    Taucher et al. (1998)
    Brazil
     
    Kogarko et al. (2001)
    Canada
     
    Roach et al. (1998)
    China
     
    Lin et al. (1996)
    Czech Republic
     
    Kühn+5 other references
    France
     
    Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. et al. (1995)+1 other reference
    Germany
     
    Neumair et al. (2016)J. W. Anthony et al.: Handbook of Mineralogy (1997)Schäfer (2021)
    Greenland
     
    J. W. Anthony et al.: Handbook of Mineralogy (1997)Pedersen (1979)
    Mexico
     
    Brearley et al. (1998)J. W. Anthony et al.: Handbook of Mineralogy (1997)
    Mongolia
     
    Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
    Northwest Africa Meteorites
     
    Zhang et al. (2020)
    Oman
     
    Meteoritical Bulletin No. 86Russell et al. (2003)- (2004, July)
    Romania
     
    Seghedi I. (2006)
    Russia
     
    Cesnokov et al. (1998)Sharygin et al. (2010)Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)[World of Stones 12:49]Litasov et al. (2017)+1 other reference6th orogenic lherzolite conference 2014 ...
    Serbia
     
    Kostić+3 other references
    Slovakia
     
    Uher
    South Africa
     
    Cairncross et al. (1995)MCDONALD I. (2005)J. W. Anthony et al.: Handbook of Mineralogy (1997)J. W. Anthony et al.: Handbook of Mineralogy (1997)
    Spain
     
    Prinz et al. (1983, March)Venturelli et al. (1984)+2 other referencesSalvioli-Mariani et al. (1996)Joan RosellJoan Rosell SEM-EDS analysisJ. W. Anthony et al.: Handbook of Mineralogy (1997)
    Ukraine
     
    Spiridonov et al. (2019)
    USA
     
    Velde (1975)+1 other referenceSmith (1991)Mineralogical Magazine 1998 62 : 265-269Zach Capelgsa.confex.com (n.d.)
    Zimbabwe
     
    J. W. Anthony et al.: Handbook of Mineralogy (1997)
    The Moon
     
    Dowty et al. (1974)+1 other referenceAnderson et al. (1970) ...+2 other references
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