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Pyrolusite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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Named in 1827 from the Greek for "fire" and "to wash," because it was used to remove brown and green tints in the making of glass.
Polymorph of:
Akhtenskite,Ramsdellite
Rutile Group.

Usually found as matte-black powdery to fibrous crusts, sometimes in botryoidal aggregates or columnar, more rarely as druzes of small prismatic to tabular, dark grey metallic crystals.
May be confused with some manganese oxides, such astodorokite (fibrous variants) andmanganite (tabular crystals).

Note: No valid pyrolusite dendrites are known. Supposed specimens of pyrolusite in dendritic form turn out to be other Mn-oxide species (e.g., minerals of thecryptomelane group,birnessite,nsutite,todorokite, etc.) upon being examined in the proper laboratory setting for characterizing these difficult to identify minerals.


Unique Identifiers
IMA Formula:
MnO2

Classification of Pyrolusite

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
D : Metal: Oxygen = 1:2 and similar
B : With medium-sized cations; chains of edge-sharing octahedra
Dana 7th ed.:
4.4.1.4
Dana 8th ed.:
4.4.1.4

4 : SIMPLE OXIDES
4 : AX2
Hey's CIM Ref.:
7.18.3

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
18 : Oxides of Mn

Mineral SymbolsJolyon RalphUnited Kingdom

Physical Properties of Pyrolusite
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Black or very dark grey.
Streak:
Black to bluish-black.
Hardness:
2 - 6½ onMohs scale
Hardness Data:
Measured
Comment:
6 to 6.5 when crystalline, 2 when massive.
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
Perfect on {110}.
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
5.04 - 5.08 g/cm3 (Measured)    5.189 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of Pyrolusite

Crystallography of Pyrolusite
Twinning:
Twinning rare. Repeated twins with twin planes {031} and {032}. Polysynthetic twinning observed in polished sections.

Crystal StructureSerro do Navio, Amapá, Brazil 1546
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
3.11 Å(100)
2.41 Å(60)
2.11 Å(20)
1.62 Å(60)
1.56 Å(10)
1.306 Å(20)
1.304 Å(20)
1.000 Å(10)
Comments:
Data given are for synthetic material.

Geological Environment

Other Language Names for Pyrolusite

Varieties of PyrolusiteSilver-bearing PyrolusiteApparently a silver-bearing variety of pyrolusite. Seems highly doubtful, probably a mixture.

Relationship of Pyrolusite to other Species
Other Members of Rutile Group:
ArgutiteGeO2Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) :P42/mnm
CassiteriteSnO2Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) :P42/mnm
ParatelluriteTeO2Tet. 422
PlattneritePbO2Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) :P42/mnm
RutileTiO2Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) :P42/mnm
TripuhyiteFe3+Sb5+O4Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) :P42/mnm
UM2000-35-O:FeNbScTaTi(Sc,Fe2+,Fe3+,Mn)(Ti,Sn,Zr)1.5(Nb,Ta,W)1.33O8

Common AssociatesMon. 2/m :P21/b4.DB.Nioboixiolite-(Mn2+)(Nb0.67Mn2+0.33)O2Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m) :Pbcn4.DB.Shakhdaraite-(Y)ScYNb2O8Mon. 2/m :P2/b4.DB.05VarlamoffiteSn1-xFexO2-x(OH)4.DB.05ArgutiteGeO2Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) :P42/mnm4.DB.05CassiteriteSnO2Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) :P42/mnm4.DB.05RutileTiO2Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) :P42/mnm4.DB.05PlattneritePbO2Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) :P42/mnm4.DB.05TripuhyiteFe3+Sb5+O4Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) :P42/mnm4.DB.05TugarinoviteMoO2Mon. 2/m :P21/b4.DB.10ByströmiteMgSb2O6Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) :P4/nmm4.DB.10OrdoñeziteZnSb2O6Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) :P42/mnm4.DB.10TredouxiteNiSb2O6Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) :P42/mnm4.DB.10Tapiolite-(Mn)Mn2+Ta2O6Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) :P42/mnm4.DB.10Tapiolite-(Fe)Fe2+Ta2O6Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) :P42/mnm4.DB.15aParamontroseiteV4+O2Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m)4.DB.15aRamsdelliteMn4+O2Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m)4.DB.15bAkhtenskiteε-Mn4+O2Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) :P63/mmc4.DB.15cNsutite(Mn4+,Mn2+)(O,OH)2Hex.4.DB.20Scrutinyiteα-PbO2Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m) :Pbcn4.DB.20Nioboixiolite-([])(Nb0.8◻0.2)4+O2Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m) :Pbcn4.DB.25IshikawaiteU4+Fe2+Nb2O8Mon.4.DB.25Yttrocolumbite-(Y)Y(U4+,Fe2+)Nb2O84.DB.25Calciosamarskite(Ca,U4+)Fe3+(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O8Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m)4.DB.25Samarskite-(Yb)YbFe3+(Nb,Ta)2O8Mon. 2/m :P2/b4.DB.25Ixiolite-(Fe2+)(Ta0.67Fe2+0.33)O2Orth.4.DB.25Ixiolite-(Mn2+)(Ta0.67Mn2+0.33)O2Orth.4.DB.25SrilankiteZrTi2O6Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m) :Pbcn4.DB.25Samarskite-(Y)YFe3+Nb2O8Mon. 2/m :P2/b4.DB.25Nioboixiolite-(Fe3+)(Nb0.5Fe3+0.5)O2Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m) :Pbcn4.DB.30 vaWolframite Group4.DB.30Rossovskyite(Fe3+,Ta)(Nb,Ti)O4Mon. 2/m :P2/b4.DB.30HuanzalaiteMgWO4Mon. 2/m :P2/b4.DB.30HeftetjerniteScTaO4Mon. 2/m :P2/b4.DB.30HübneriteMnWO4Mon. 2/m :P2/b4.DB.30Sanmartinite(Zn,Fe)WO4Mon. 2/m :P21/b4.DB.30FerberiteFeWO4Mon. 2/m :P2/b4.DB.30KrasnoselskiteCoWO4Mon.4.DB.35Qitianlingite(Fe,Mn)2(Nb,Ta)2WO10Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m)4.DB.35Tantalaeschynite-(Ce)Ce(TiTa)O6Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m) :Pnma4.DB.35Tantalite-(Mg)(Mg,Fe2+)(Ta,Nb)2O6Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m) :Pbcn4.DB.35Columbite-(Mn)Mn2+Nb2O6Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m) :Pbcn4.DB.35Tantalite-(Mn)Mn2+Ta2O6Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m) :Pbcn4.DB.35Columbite-(Fe)Fe2+Nb2O6Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m) :Pbcn4.DB.35Columbite-(Mg)(Mg,Fe,Mn)(Nb,Ta)2O6Orth.4.DB.35Tantalite-(Fe)Fe2+Ta2O6Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m) :Pbcn4.DB.40FerrotitanowodginiteFe2+TiTa2O8Mon. 2/m :B2/b4.DB.40WolframowodginiteMn(Mn,Sn,Fe,Ta)(W,Ta,Nb)2O84.DB.40LithiotantiteLiTa3O8Mon. 2/m :P21/b4.DB.40LithiowodginiteLiTa3O8Mon. 2/m :B2/b4.DB.40TitanowodginiteMn2+TiTa2O8Mon. 2/m :B2/b4.DB.40Tantalowodginite(Mn2+0.5◻0.5)TaTa2O8Mon. 2/m :B2/b4.DB.40WodginiteMn2+Sn4+Ta2O8Mon. 2/m :B2/b4.DB.40FerrowodginiteFe2+Sn4+Ta2O8Mon. 2/m :B2/b4.DB.45TivaniteV3+TiO3(OH)Mon. 2/m :P21/b4.DB.50Carmichaelite(Ti,Cr,Fe)[O2-x(OH)x]Mon. 2/m :P21/b4.DB.55AlumotantiteAlTaO4Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m) :Pbcn4.DB.60Biehlite((Sb,As)O)2[MoO4]Mon. 2/m :B2/b

Fluorescence of Pyrolusite

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    • References for PyrolusiteⓘCentral Khanneshin depositTucker et al. (2012)Orris et al. (2002)
    Algeria
     
    Byramjee R.and Meindre M. (1956)Karel Bal specimen
    Angola
     
    - (n.d.)
    Argentina
     
    Padrón de Minas de la Provincia de Catamarca (1971)Padrón de Minas de la Provincia de Catamarca (1971)USGS MRDS DatabaseRaúl J. Tauber Larry´s collectionBrodtkorb (2002)+2 other referencesNatalia Salado Paz et al. (2011)+1 other referencePadrón de Minas de la Provincia de Catamarca (1971)Padrón de Minas de la Provincia de Catamarca (1971)Padrón de Minas de la Provincia de Catamarca (1971)Padrón de Minas de la Provincia de Catamarca (1971)Padrón de Minas de la Provincia de Catamarca (1971)Padrón de Minas de la Provincia de Catamarca (1971)Dirección Provincial de Geología y Minería de la Provincia de Catamarca (1970)Padrón de Minas de la Provincia de Chubut (2005)Sureda (1978)Dina (1993) ...Paz et al. (2016)Brodtkorb (2002)Cerny et al. (2003)DEL BLANCOFranchini et al. (2005)Raúl Jorge Tauber Larry+1 other referenceHugo A. Peña (1970)Hugo A. Peña (1970)Hugo A. Peña (1970)Ruiz et al. (????)Hugo A. Peña (1970)Raúl Tauber LarryG. Álvarez (1938)Raul Tauber Larry collectionG. Álvarez (1938)G. Álvarez (1938)G. Álvarez (1938)Ávila
    Atlantic Ocean
     
    Benites+4 other referencesSergienko et al. (2024)Bortnikov et al. (2006, July)
    Australia
     
    McQueen+2 other referencesGilligan (1975)Stevens (1972)Stevens (1972)Stevens (1972)Stevens (1972)Stevens (1972)Gilligan (1975)Gilligan (1975)Paix (1968)Gilligan et al. (1995)Gilligan et al. (1993)Narromine 1:250 000 Mine Data SheetsRocks & Min.: 22: 519.Brown et al. (1992)Brown et al. (1992)Brown et al. (1992)Brown et al. (1992)Gilligan et al. (1992)Gilligan et al. (1995)Gilligan et al. (1995)Gilligan et al. (1995)Gilligan et al. (1995)Narromine 1:250 000 Mine Data SheetsCarg-Narra 1:250 000Spandler et al. (2016)Brown et al. (1992)Brown et al. (1992)Brown et al. (1992)Brown et al. (1992)Brown et al. (1992)Howarth (1973)Narromine 1:250 000 Mine Data SheetsNarromine 1:250 000 Mine Data SheetsNarromine 1:250 000 Mine Data SheetsGilligan et al. (1995)Gilligan et al. (1995)Gilligan et al. (1995)Davidson (2012)Gilligan et al. (1993)Gilligan et al. (1995)Narromine 1:250 000 Mine Data SheetsGilligan et al. (1995)Gilligan et al. (1995)Gilligan et al. (1995)Gilligan et al. (1995)Gilligan et al. (1995)Gilligan et al. (1995)Gilligan et al. (1995)Gilligan et al. (1995)Gilligan et al. (1995)Gilligan et al. (1995)Gilligan et al. (1995)Gilligan et al. (1995)Stevens (1972)Stevens (1972)Hertzberger et al. (1978)Gill (1973)Stevens (1972)Stevens (1972)Worner et al. (et al)Museum Victoria collectionMunro-Smith (2006)Sorrell (n.d.)Gilligan et al. (1995)Jones (1955)+1 other referenceJones (1955)+1 other referenceThompson (ed)Robertson (1959)Kojan (1982)Kojan (1982)Kojan (1982)Kojan (1982)Kojan (1982)Kojan (1982)Kojan (1982)Kojan (1982)Ostwald (1981)+1 other referenceFerenczi (2001)Sielecki (1988)www.crocoite.com (n.d.)MiningdataonlineBrooks (1962)Wheeler (2017)E. Stevens & R. Bottrillpart of list University of QueenslandQld Dept of MinesFrancis et al. (self published)Personal Collection of M. Willoughby.Pring (1988)Noble et al. (1983)Beyer et al. (1996)Brown (1908)Francis (2010)Francis (2010)Pring et al. (1994)Francis et al. (2012)Minerals from Bundaleer and the ...Regional and Economic Geology of The ...Noble et al. (1983)Daniel Hummer CollectionPring et al. (1993)+2 other referencesJohnston et al. (1978)Francis (2010)Mines. et al. (Geological Survey of South Australia)Annells (1986)+1 other referenceBottrill+1 other referenceR. Bottrill+1 other referencemembers.ozemail.com.au (2002)+1 other referenceBottrill et al. (2008)Museum Victoria Collection M 37653Nickel et al. (1993)Nickel et al. (1993)Jacobson et al. (2007)Clissold (2007)The Simpson Mineral Collection of the ...Williams+3 other referencesFred Rose/Kim Macdonald/Mining company ...The Australian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (1977)J M Bennett CollectionMurphy et al. (2012)Muskett et al. (1963)+2 other referencesBuchwald (1975)Graham (2003)Simpson (1948)Pirajno et al. (1998)Salama et al. (2025)Calderwood+3 other referencesPioneer Nickel Ltd. Media ReleaseFerguson (1999)
    Austria
     
    Neschen (n.d.)Paulitsch (1953)Niedermayr et al. (1995)Zadorlaky-Stettner (1962)European Journal of Mineralogy 17 (1)Zadorlaky-Stettner (1962)Auer & Kolitsch (2017)C.Auer (2020)www.indra-g.at (2016)Praetzel (1985)Praetzel (1985)Meixner (1950)Zadorlaky-Stettner (1962)Pichler (2009)Pichler (2009)Pichler (2009)Niedermayr et al. (1995)Pichler (2009)Hiden (1997)Niedermayr et al. (1995)Meixner (1968)Exel (1993)C. Auer (1983)Huber et al. (1977)+1 other referenceNeschen (n.d.)Niedermayr et al. (1992)Hackenberg (2003)- (n.d.)Huber et al. (1977)Strasser (1989)Strasser (1989)Strasser (1989)Strasser (1989)Günther et al. (1979)Kolitsch et al. (2015)+1 other referenceStrasser (1989)Kolitsch et al. (2025)Paulitsch (1951)Kolitsch et al. (2012)C.Auer (2016)Gerald Gesselbauer (06.2010)Bojar (2006)Aufschluss 1972 (SB)+1 other referenceGerald Gesselbauer (2010)G.Gesselbauer (2020)Bernhard (2015)C.Auer (2024)Taucher (1994)Josef TaucherLeikauf et al. (2008)Alker (1957)Kolitsch (2012)Niedermayr et al. (2010)Neschen (n.d.)Pichler (2003)C.Auer (2018)Tufar (1967)Jakely (2008)Niedermayr G. et al. (1988)Kolitsch (2021)NEINAVAIE et al. (1999)Meixner (1968)Neinaveie (1979)www.montan-wanderweg.at (n.d.)Weichenberger (1998)collected by Peter ArthoferHaberlandt (1938)
    Azerbaijan
     
    Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
    Belgium
     
    Mélon et al. (1976)+1 other referenceMélon et al. (1976)+1 other referenceMélon et al. (1976)+2 other referencesMélon et al. (1976)+1 other referenceMélon et al. (1976)+1 other referenceHatert et al. (2002)Mélon et al. (1976)+1 other referenceHatert et al. (2002)Gustine (2002)+2 other referencesMélon et al. (1976)+1 other referenceButtgenbach (1921)+1 other referenceAnten (1912)Anten (1912)Mélon et al. (1976)+1 other referenceHarjo NeutkensMélon et al. (1976)+1 other referencewww.fossiliraptor.be (2007)Mélon et al. (1976)+1 other referenceHatert et al. (2002)Hatert et al. (2002)Mélon et al. (1976)+2 other referencesMélon et al. (1976)+1 other referenceBlondieau et al. (2017)Mélon et al. (1976)+1 other referenceMélon et al. (1976)+1 other referenceMélon et al. (1976)+1 other reference
    Belize
     
    Bateson et al. (1970)
    Bolivia
     
    Salomon Rivas & Federico Ahlfeld: Los Minerales de Bolivia y sus Parajes (Santa Cruz de la Sierra, 1998)Federico Ahlfeld & Alejandro Schneider-Scherbina: Los Yacimientos Minerales y de Hidrocarburos de Bolivia (La Paz, 1964)Osvaldo R. Arce Burgoa (2007)Osvaldo R. Arce Burgoa (2007)Salomon Rivas and Federico Ahlfeld: Los Minerales de Bolivia y sus Parajes (Santa Cruz, 1998)Kempff et al. (La Paz, 2009)
    Bosnia and Herzegovina
     
    Ljudevit BarićMudrinic et al. (1969)- (n.d.)
    Botswana
     
    Yonggang Zhu et al. (2013)
    Brazil
     
    Bello+1 other referenceCornejo et al. (2009)Teixeira et al. (2001)King (n.d.)Santos et al. (2021)+1 other referenceCornejo et al. (2009)Berger et al. (2009)+1 other referenceApplied Earth Science : IMM Transactions section B et al. (8)Waber (1991)acd.ufrj.br (2002)Hussak (1904)Cabral et al. (2002)Cabral AR et al. (Chico Rei)Waber (1991)Cornejo et al. (2009)Proceedings 30th Intl Geol Cong Vol 16 ...Murdoch (1955)JENKINS II (1987)
    Bulgaria
     
    Banushev et al. (1994)annual.mgu.bg (n.d.)annual.mgu.bg (n.d.)Kostov et al : Minerals of Bulgaria (1964)+1 other referenceChavdarova et al. (2022)Chavdarova et al. (2022)Chavdarova et al. (2022)Collection Voigt
    Burkina Faso
     
    Hénocque et al. (1998)
    Cambodia
     
    Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (1993)Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (1993)
    Canada
     
    Soregaroli (1968)personal correspondence with Giles Peatfield (see comments)Peatfield (n.d.)personal correspondence with Giles Peatfield (see comments)+1 other referencepersonal correspondence with Giles Peatfield (see comments in description)Government of British ColumbiaSelby et al. (2000)Peatfield (n.d.)Wilton et al. (1988)personal correspondence with Giles Peatfield (see comments in description)Peatfield (n.d.)+2 other referencespersonal correspondence with Giles Peatfield (see comments in description)Peatfield (n.d.)- (n.d.)Econ Geol (1980)- (2022)J.D. Dana (1880)Richard Gunter Collection.Klein (1966)Mineralogical Society of America - ...Sabina (2003)SABINA (1976)Norman Wilson collectionLang (1952)+1 other referenceLang (1952)Lang (1952)Bishop et al. (1974)Harder (1910)Bishop et al. (1974)Hanson (1932)Sorrell (n.d.)+1 other referenceTransactions of the Canadian Institute ...+1 other referenceVan Dommelen et al. (2006)Kramm (1912)"Report of the Department of Mines in ...Walker et al. (1924)Fleischer et al. (1962)Sabina (1986)Personal Collection - Bill MorgensternBill Morgenstern - CollectionBill Morgenstern personally collectedBill Morgenstern - CollectionPersonal Collection - Bill MorgensternRichard Gunter Collection.Trottier et al. (1991)Horváth et al. (2019)Watson et al. (1996)data.geology.gov.yk.ca (2018)Literature references cited
    Chile
     
    Arancibia et al. (2006)Camus et al. (1991)Pincheira et al. (1990)Pincheira et al. (1990)SEM-EDS and XRD by Joy Desor and ...Cook (1978)Zambra et al. (2007)Maurizio Dini - analysed material by ...- (n.d.)+1 other referenceMaurizio Dini - analysed material by ...Cook (1979)XRD by Joachim LorenzOyarzun et al. (1998)Oyarzun et al. (1998). Ruiz Fuller/F. Peebles (1988)Oyarzun et al. (1998)C. Ruiz Fuller/F. Peebles (1988)Sulphides analysed by geology dep. of ...+1 other reference
    China
     
    Jiuling Zhang (1982)Jurui He et al. (1992)Jurui He et al. (1992)Hunan Metallurgical Geology Research Team 236 (1977)+1 other referenceJiuling Zhang (1982)Pingyi Wan (2002)Pingyi Wan (2002)Xiugen Fu et al. (2004)Pingyi Wan (2002)Jiuling Zhang (1982)+1 other referencePingyi Wan (2002)Pingyi Wan (2002)Guilin Institute of Metallurgical Geology et al. (1976)+3 other referencesGuilin Institute of Metallurgical Geology et al. (1976)+1 other referenceKamitani et al. (2007)www.mineralmundi.com (n.d.)Zhaolin Li et al. (1983)Chun Ma (2002)Bin Yu (2005)Jiajing Zhang et al. (2008)National Geological Archives of China ...Fangcheng Wang et al. (2010)www.mineralmundi.com (2016)www.mineralmundi.com (n.d.)Shisong Yuan et al. (2006)+2 other referencesHaitao Han et al. (2008)Liangkai Gu (1986)Gongsheng Yan (1987)Liangkai Gu (1986)Liangkai Gu (1986)Liangkai Gu (1986)Liangkai Gu (1986)Liangkai Gu (1986)Liangkai Gu (1986)Qinxia Hu et al. (2011)Liangkai Gu (1986)Hanquan Ye (1985)+4 other referencesRuixia Hao and Guangyue Guan (1995)Lin Niu (1994)Dajing Chen et al. (2001)Xuzhan Wei CollectionNiu+3 other referencesJiuling Zhang (1982)+1 other referenceYinsheng Lang et al. (2007)Guilin Institute of Metallurgical Geology et al. (1976)+4 other referencesJiuling Zhang (1982)Xiao et al. (2022)Laiyong Qin et al. (2007)Guilin Institute of Metallurgical Geology et al. (1976)+1 other referenceGuilin Institute of Metallurgical Geology et al. (1976)Jiuling Zhang (1982)Hunan Metallurgical Geology Research Team 236 (1977)Mingsheng Li (1987)Jiuling Zhang (1982)Guilin Institute of Metallurgical Geology et al. (1976)Junzhen Huang (2008)Junzhen Huang (2008)Renke Li (1993)+1 other referenceYinsheng Lang et al. (2007)Yinsheng Lang et al. (2007)Guilin Institute of Metallurgical Geology et al. (1976)Guilin Institute of Metallurgical Geology et al. (1976)Yinsheng Lang et al. (2007)Yinsheng Lang et al. 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    Costa Rica
     
    Rocks & Min.: 21:561.Halbach+4 other referencesNelson (1990)
    Cuba
     
    Park et al. (1944)www.minsocam.orgLevinson (1960)
    Cyprus
     
    Prüfer (2011)
    Czech Republic
     
    David Parfitt collection[Lapis 1995HametLapis 2002 (7/8)BufkaPauliš+1 other referenceKruťa (1958)FojtMatýsek et al. (2021)Matýsek D. (Outer Western Carpathians)Toegel et al. (2006)Kruťa (Frýdberka)Kruťa T. et al. (1968)Prachař+6 other referencesČerný (1961)www.mineralos.cz (2003)M. Koubov (2001)Burkart E. (1953)Stránský
    Denmark
     
    DR Congo
     
    Deliens (1996)JSS photoButtgenbach (1947)+2 other referencesDe Bondt (n.d.)
    Ecuador
     
    Markowski et al. (2006)
    Egypt
     
    S. Tosson et al.Salama et al. (2012)El-Habaak et al. (2016)Alekseev et al. (2023)Alekseev et al. (2023)Hussein et al. (1988)Manganese Reserves and Resources of the ...+1 other referenceSallam (2020)Afify et al. (2022)
    Ethiopia
     
    Tadesse et al. (2003)Getaneh et al. (2022)Getaneh et al. (2022)
    Europe
     
    Quellmalz (1992)
    Fiji
     
    Skiba (1964)Pals et al. (2003)
    Finland
     
    Ilkka Mikkola collection EDS+XRD ...A. Mikkola (1947)
    France
     
    R. Pierrot+1 other referenceDesignolle J-L. (1993)BRGM (1981)P.G. Pélisson (pelisson@inist.fr)Trouvaille personnelle année 2010. In ...Wittern et al. (1997)Perseil (1975)Perseil (1975)Yves Mourey CollectionLe règne Minérale+1 other referenceBelot (1978)Germain et al. (1992)Lacroix (1907)Chauris (2014)Chauris (2014)Wittern et al. (1997)Wittern et al. (1997)Wittern et al. (1997)Wittern et al. (1997)Wittern et al. (1997)T. Brunsperger collectionSTEINMETZ A. & ERNST H. (2006)Wittern et al. (1997)T. Brunsperger collectionBelot (1978)Weil et al. (1958)+3 other referencesStaszak et al. (2022)Lilian ALIZERTPatureau et al. (2011)DIDIER Prosper: les especes minerales ...Perseil (1967)Bull. Soc. Franç. Minéralo. ...www.zampano.com (n.d.)Inventaire Minéralogique de la France ...Coll: JM.Johannet.TREILLARD Michel collectionInventaire minéralogique de la France ...De Ascenção Guedes et al. (2002)De Ascenção Guedes et al. (2002)Belot (1978)Ref: Inventoire mineralogique de la ...Matthias Diot CollectionBRGM (1981)Berbain et al. (2005)Berbain et al. (2005)Berbain et al. (2005)Berbain et al. (2005)Berbain et al. (2005)Guitard (2010)Laurent J-M. (2003)Pierrot et al. (1976)Gol (2018)Queneau (n.d.)Pitorre (1997)Pierrot et al. (1976)Pitorre (1998)Pierrot et al. (1976)Pierrot et al. (1976)Favreau et al. (2013)Garric FrançoisBernadi (1992)Baret (1898)"Les minéralisations associées au volcanisme andésitique de Biot-Villeneuve Loubet (Alpes Maritimes)Belot (1978)
    Gabon
     
    Weber et al. (1979)+2 other references
    Georgia
     
    Varentsov (1996)
    Germany
     
    Weiß (1990)Weiß (1990)Weiß (1990)Walenta (1989)+1 other referenceWalenta (1992)Wittern (2001)Walenta (1992)Wittern (2001)Walenta (1992)Walenta (1992)+1 other referenceBliedtner et al. (1986)Walenta (1992)Walenta (1992)Walenta (1992)Weiß (1990)www.mineralienatlas.de (n.d.)Walenta (1992)Joachim et al. (1993)Nickel et al. (1985)Weiß (1990)Weiß (1990)Grimm (1989)Weiß (1990)+1 other referenceAufschluss 50 (1999) ...Lorenz (2004)Lorenz (2003)https://www.mineralienatlas.de/?l=4860Weiß (1990)Weiß (1990)Weiß (1990)Weiß (1990)F. Müller: "Bayerns steinreiche Ecke" et al. (Hof)+2 other referencesF. Müller: "Bayerns steinreiche Ecke" et al. (Hof)Weiß (1990)Dill et al. (2009)Weiß (1990)web.archive.org (2001)Linhard (2005)Weiß (1990)Weiß (1990)Lapis (10)Nickel et al. (1985)Weiß (1990)Weiß (1990)Nickel et al. (1985)Weiß (1990)Weiß (1990)Petitjean et al. (2007)Weiß (1990)Nickel et al. (1985)Weiß (1990)Nickel et al. (1985)Weiß (1990)+1 other referencewww.mineralienatlas.de (n.d.)Kirnbauer (1984)Weiß (1990)Weiß (1990)Weiß (1990)Weiß (1990)Weiß (1990)Weiß (1990)Weiß (1990)Weiß (1990)Weiß (1990)Weiß (1990)Weiß (1990)Weiß (1990)Blaß (2002)Philip Bluemner Collectionen.wikipedia.org (n.d.)Gröbner et al. (2009)Steinkamm et al. (1988)Wittern (2001)+1 other reference50.+2 other referencesSchnorrer et al. (2002)+1 other referenceSchnorrer (1995)+1 other referenceBetts (n.d.)Weiß (1990)Weiß (1990)Wittern (2001)Pawlowski (1991)Weiß (1990)+1 other referenceBender et al. (1994)Wittern (2001)Weiß (1990)Neschen (n.d.)Weiß (1990)Weiß (1990)Johannes Markus Henrich+2 other referencesWittern (2001)Wittern (2001)Wittern (2001)Haidinger (1828)Weiß (1990)Reinhardt et al. (2016)Wittern (2001)Henrich et al. (2003)Hucko et al. (2009)www.mineralienatlas.de (2025)Rolf Golze+3 other referencesBlaß et al. (1999)+1 other referenceRutley (1902)Graf et al. (1990)Aufschluss 90 (2)Aufschluss 90 (2)Aufschluss 90 (2)Weiß (1990)Graf et al. (1992)Weiß (1990)Weiß (1990)Golze (2013)Weiß (1990)Weiß (1990)Weiß (1990)Weiß (1990)Weiß (1990)Weiß (1990)Weiß (1990)Weiß (1990)+1 other referenceSchnorrer et al. (2000)Emser Hefte 1987 (4)Weiß (1990)Weiß (1990)https://www.mineralienatlas.de/?l=56202Aufschluss 62 (1)Heidtke (2005)Wittern (2001)Weiß (1990)Weiß (1990)Lapis 1979 (10)Lapis (9)Specimen at Yale University #5749 (Rock Currier 2010)Erik Hockwww.mineralienatlas.de (2016)Weiß (1990)Wittern (2001)Der Aufschluss Vol.55P HaasHeld et al. (1993)Peter Lof collection.Weiß (1990) ...Rondorf et al. (1992)Thomas Kleser CollectionThomas Kleser Collection54 (in German)+1 other referenceThomas Lühr Collection+1 other referenceThomas LührTh.Lühr collectionLapis 2003 (2)Gröbner et al. (2011)Hofmann (1992)Massanek et al. (2005)books.google.be (n.d.)Wittern (2001)M Adelt collection+1 other referenceSchnorrer (1995)+1 other referenceKleeberg et al. (1992)www.dergraul.de (2001)www.dergraul.de (2001)Massanek et al. (2005)Massanek et al. (2005)Massanek et al. (2005)Massanek et al. (2005)Massanek et al. (2005)Wittern (2001)Jahn (1999)Wittern (2001)www.vogtlandkristall.de (2020)Gröbner et al. (2007)+1 other referencePestel (1997)Wittern (2001)Wittern (2001)Wittern (2001)Wittern (2001)Hans-Jürgen Haas CollectionW.E. Henkel collectionHeider et al. (2022)Wittern (2001)Witzke et al. (2001)www.mineralatlas.eu (n.d.)Wittern (2001)Rüger et al. (1992)
    Ghana
     
    Mücke et al. (1999)+1 other reference
    Greece
     
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    Greenland
     
    Bøggild (1953)+1 other referenceSørensen (2001)+1 other referenceBøggild (1953)
    Hungary
     
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    India
     
    Sivaprakash (1980)Sivaprakash (1980)Sivaprakash (1980)Sivaprakash (1981)Sivaprakash (1980)Sivaprakash (1980)Rasul (1965)Rao et al. (1979)Sarkar (2015)Roy (1962)Shukla et al. (1973)Roy et al. (1968)Chemical abstractsNayak (1966)S.P. Deshpande (1959)+1 other referenceYadav (2022)Nayak et al. (1998)Specimen in the British Museum of ...Acharya et al. (1997)Nicholson et al. (1997)Rao+1 other reference
    Indonesia
     
    Utoyo (2013)Al Hakim et al. (2024)Davies (2008)Atmoko et al. (2018)Milési et al. (1999)
    Iran
     
    Rajabi et al. (2025)Rajabi et al. (2025)Rajabi et al. (2025)Rasti et al. (2021)Shahin et al. (2023)Mousivand et al. (2018)Maziar Nazari (2005)Mousivand et al. (2018)Khorasanipour et al. (2015)Moinevaziri (2019)Marouti et al. (2021)+1 other referenceIzanloo et al. (2022)Izanloo et al. (2022)Izanloo et al. (2022)Nezafatis (2006)Tashi et al. (2021)Lotfi et al. (2017)Bazargani-Guilani et al. (2004)Abedini et al. (2024)Ostadrahimi et al. (2025)Khodami et al. (2024)
    Iraq
     
    Yassin et al. (Eds.)
    Ireland
     
    GrennanIxerRyback et al. (1988)Balassone et al. (2008)
    Israel
     
    Niedermayr (2000)Segev et al. (1992)Itamer (1993)
    Italy
     
    Piccoli et al. (2007)Barresi et al. (2005)Castello (1982)Ciampi (1918)+2 other referencesJervis (1874)Frongia (1939)+2 other referencesStoppani et al. (1982)+1 other referenceNegretti+2 other referencesDessau et al. (1975)+1 other referenceAntofilli et al. (1983)Antofilli et al. (1983)Redazionale (2005)415.+1 other referenceAntofilli et al. (1983)Redazione (2005)Bruno Marello Coolected+1 other referenceAntofilli et al. (1983)Amoretti (1980)+2 other referencesAntofilli et al. (1985)Antofilli et al. (1983)Antofilli et al. (1983)Palenzona et al. (1988)Antofilli et al. (1983)Di Lisi S.Antofilli et al. (1983)Capitanio A. Il Ferro della Val di ...Gramaccioli et al. (1992)Fagnani G. (1946)+1 other referenceFerrario et al. (1976)Bedognè et al. (1993)Del Caldo et al. (1973)Frongia (1939)+2 other referencesMaggiore (1938)+2 other referencesFrongia (1939)+2 other referencesFrongia (1939)+2 other referencesMaggiore (1938)+1 other referenceFrongia (1939)+2 other referencesFrongia (1939)+2 other referencesPiccoli et al. (2007)Secco L. et al. (3)Piccoli et al. (2007). Ravagnani - I giacimenti uraniferi ...Parola et al. (2023)Prete (1995)Piccoli et al. (2007)Piccoli et al. (2007)Bertolani (1976)Conti-Vecchi et al. (1991)Conti-Vecchi et al. (1991)Giovanni Scapin CollectionConti-Vecchi G. & Stara P. (1991)De Michele (1974)Gamboni et al. (2021)Conti-Vecchi et al. (1991)Conti-Vecchi et al. (1991)Ara D. et al. (2013)Baldoni et al. (2013)+1 other referenceMoldovan et al. (2013)Preite et al. (2007)Orlandi (2011)PANICHI U. (1924)Musumeci (1958)Exel (1987)+6 other referencesExel (1987)Bortolozzi (n.d.)- (1913)+2 other referencesExel (1987)Exel (1987)EDX + XRD analysis by Gunter BlassM. Boscardin: Località mineralogiche consigliate: Miniera di Vignola in Valsugana (Trento)Brizzi G. (1985)MarinaiBazzoni C. et al. (2011)Bazzoni C. et al. (2011)D'Achiardi A. (1883)+2 other referencesBatacchi et al. (2013)Bonifazi (2020)G. Dessau et al. (1975)Nannoni R. et al. (2012)LIBVRNA N°2 September 2021R. von Gorgey+1 other reference- (n.d.)Beneo (1952)+2 other referencesE. BeneoGarofalo et al. (2025)L. Busatti (arsenopirite, farmacosiderite, dufrenite)Benvenuti et al. (2000)Biagioni et al. (2025)Orlandi et al. (2000)+1 other referenceOrlandi et al. (2000)+1 other referenceREGIONE TOSCANAI minerali dell' area delle Terme di ...Betti et al. (2000)R. Meli (1999)C. Betti et al. (1999)C. Betti et al. (1999)C. Betti et al. (1999)C. Betti et al. (1999)Fabris et al. (2014)De Michele (1970)+2 other referencesA. Longhi et al. (1979)Longhi (1979)+1 other referenceBoscardin M. et al. (Vicenza)Saccardo (2002)
    Japan
     
    - (n.d.)- (n.d.)- (n.d.)- (n.d.)- (n.d.)- (n.d.)- (n.d.)- (n.d.)- (n.d.)- (n.d.)- (n.d.)- (n.d.)- (n.d.)- (n.d.)- (n.d.)- (n.d.)- (n.d.)- (n.d.)- (n.d.)- (n.d.)- (n.d.)Toyofumi Yoshimura et al. (1969)Mineralogical Journal Vol. 18 (1996)- (n.d.)- (n.d.)Yamada (2005)Katsu Kaneko (1956)Nambu et al (1979)- (n.d.)+5 other referencesKatsu Kaneko (1956)- (n.d.)Suzaki et al. (1969)Azami et al. (2025)Yamada (2004)Toyofumi YoshimuraNambu M (1967)- (n.d.)- (n.d.)- (n.d.)- (n.d.)- (n.d.)- (n.d.)- (n.d.)- (n.d.)- (n.d.)- (n.d.)Nambu et al. (1961)- (n.d.)- (n.d.)- (n.d.)- (n.d.)- (n.d.)Katsu Kaneko (1956)- (n.d.)- (n.d.)- (n.d.)- (n.d.)Toyofumi Yoshimura et al. (1969)Toyofumi Yoshimura et al. (1969)Kaneko (1956)Yamada (2004)Petrov (n.d.)Yamada (2004)Narita (1963)Uehara et al. (2014)Harada (1954)+1 other referenceNAGASHIMA et al. (2020)- (n.d.)Hiroshi TakaseToyofumi Yoshimura et al. (1952)Toyofumi Yoshimura et al. (1952)Nakatsugawa Mineral Museum (Gifu Prefecture, Japan)Akira Kato (2009)- (n.d.)- (n.d.)Akira Kato (undated manuscript)- (n.d.)- (n.d.)A. Kato et al.
    Jordan
     
    Qatar Univ. Sci. J. 21:101-117.
    Kazakhstan
     
    Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)Litvinovich et al. (1960)Zimanovskaya et al. (2022)- (2005)maurice.strahlen.org (2003)- (2005)- (2005)V.V. Kalinin data
    Kenya
     
    Coetzee et al. (1959)
    Kosovo
     
    Ministry of Mining and Energy (2002)+1 other reference
    Kyrgyzstan
     
    Filippov et al. (2013)Kolesar et al. (1993)Kolesar et al. (1993)L.A. Pautov data
    Laos
     
    Georgzén (2011)
    Luxembourg
     
    Philippo Simon (éditeur)
    Madagascar
     
    Behier (1963)Behier (1960)J.Behier (1963)Behier (1963)Behier (1963)
    Mexico
     
    RODRIGUEZ-DIAZDel Rio Salas (2011)Moore (1998)+1 other referenceCross (2006)Megaw (1990)Panczner (1987)Stone+2 other referencesReyes (2020)Diaz-Unzueta (1987)+1 other referenceRocks & Min.: 56:247.Panczner (1987)Panczner (1987)Panczner (1987)Tritlla et al. (2006)Panczner (1987)Panczner (1987)Panczner (1987)Panczner (1987)Panczner (1987)Panczner (1987)Panczner (1987)Panczner (1987)Panczner (1987)Panczner (1987)Panczner (1987)Panczner (1987)Panczner (1987)Panczner (1987)Panczner (1987)Panczner (1987)Panczner (1987)Panczner (1987)Panczner (1987)Panczner (1987)Econ Geol (1981)Panczner (1987)Chadefaux et al. (2009)Panczner (1987)Fier et al. (2009)Braith et al. (2001)+1 other reference
    Middle East
     
    Gross (1977)
    Mongolia
     
    Kuleshov (2003)N.V. Vladykin data
    Morocco
     
    Don Windeler personally collected this ...Shen (n.d.)Jewel Tunnel specimensEcon Geol (1986)Dedeyne (2008)Econ Geol (1988)+2 other referencesEcon Geol (1986)FAVREAU G. & DIETRICH J.E. (2006)Joan Rosell (2022)Choukrad et al. (2022)Verhaert et al. (2018)
    Namibia
     
    von Bezing (2007)von Bezing (2007)Niedermayr (2001)Miller et al. (Henno Martin Commerative Volume)Gebhard (1999)Dunn (1979)Dunn (1991)von Bezing (2007)
    Netherlands
     
    T.G. NijlandT.G. NijlandT.G. NijlandT.G. NijlandT.G. NijlandT.G. NijlandT.G. Nijland
    New Zealand
     
    Weavercrownminerals.med.govt.nz (n.d.)Courtney (1991)Christie et al. (2007)Read et al. (1971)Simpson et al. (2001)Ko JansenFraser (1910)Simpson et al. (2011)Fraser (1910)Fraser (1910)
    North Korea
     
    Suzuki (1943)
    Norway
     
    Bugge (1946)+1 other referenceSverdrup et al. (1959)Myre et al. (2007)+1 other referenceBarth (1956)- (2021)Johansen (1981)Stensrud (2004)Stensrud (2004)Stensrud (2004)Berg (198?)Berg (198?)Garmo (2007)Onac et al. (1995)Foslie (1949)Alf Olav Larsen collection & NHM Vienna collection (PXRD- or SXRD-analysed)+1 other referenceKnut Edvard Larsen MM-collection (#608)Wel (1974)Landmark (1952)Witsø (1995)
    Oman
     
    Moreira (2017)Kickmaier W. and Peters (1990)
    Pacific Ocean
     
    Skowronek et al. (2021)Peretyazhko et al. (2025)Peretyazhko et al. (2025)Volokhina et al. (2020)+1 other reference
    Papua New Guinea
     
    Yates et al. (1967)Nye et al. (1954)Siedner (1959)
    Paraguay
     
    Eckel et al. (1959)
    Peru
     
    Guido del Castillo (2004)Dana (1850)
    Poland
     
    Szakáll (2002)Lis et al. (1986)Lis et al. (1986)Lis et al. (1986)Lis et al. (1986)Lis et al. (1986)Muszer et al. (2018)+1 other reference
    Portugal
     
    LNEG/Siorminp databaseLNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ...LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ...LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia (Siorminp ID 635Mn)LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia (Siorminp ID 626Mn)LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia (Siorminp ID 625Mn)LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia (Siorminp ID 633Mn )LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia (Siorminp ID 635Mn)LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ...LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia (Siorminp ID 627Mn)Alves (n.d.)LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ...Azevedo (2024)LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ...LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ...LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ...Oliveira et al. (2025)LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ...LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ...LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ...LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ...LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ...LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ...LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ...LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ...Oliveira et al. (2025)LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ...LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ...IST Lisbon collectionLNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ...LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ...LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ...+1 other referenceLNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ...LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ...LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia (Siorminp ID 649Mn)LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ...LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia (Siorminp ID 641Mn)LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ...LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ...Nunes (n.d.)IST Lisbon collection+1 other referenceLNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ...LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ...LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ...LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ...LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ...LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ...LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ...LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ...LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ...LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ...LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ...LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ...LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ...LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ...LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ...LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ...LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ...LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ...LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ...LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ...LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ...LNEG/Siorminp databseLNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ...LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ...LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ...LNEG - Siorminp database informationLNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ...LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ...LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ...LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ...LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ...http://www.atlas.cimal.pt (Atlas do Sudoeste Português)+1 other referenceLNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ...LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ...António Martins collectionAlves (n.d.)LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ...LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ...Alves (n.d.)LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ...LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ...LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ...LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ...LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ...LNEG/Siorminp databaseLNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ...LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ...LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ...LNEG/SiorminpLNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia (Siorminp ID 668Mn)LNEG Siorminp ID 1638MnMichele DondiMUHNAC (António Bello mineral collection)Rui Nunes 2010Rui Nunes 2010Rui Nunes 2010Rui Nunes 2012Rui Nunes 2012Rui Nunes 2012Rui Nunes 2012Rui Nunes 2012Nunes (n.d.)Jazigos Ferro Manganés Odemira e ...Rui Nunes 2012Lneg/Siorminp (Rui Nunes Nov 2011)LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ...LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ...Rui Nunes info Sep 2014LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ...
    Romania
     
    Onac et al. (1997)SzakállSzakáll et al. (2010)Hîrtopanu et al. (2003)minerals-of-the-carpathians.eu (2008)Szakáll (2002)Pál Molnár (2000)Hotz (1909)D. Radulescu & R. Dimitrescu (1966)1-Rădulescu DanUdubasa et al. (1996)+3 other referencesminerals-of-the-carpathians.eu (2008)minerals-of-the-carpathians.eu (2008)
    Russia
     
    Roslyakov et al. (2005)+2 other referencesKovalev et al. (2003)Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)Local geolofist S.V.Kolesnichenko dataBerdnikov et al. (2023)Berdnikov et al. (2023)Nevstruev et al. (2019)+1 other referenceOkruginOkrugin et al. (an Example of Mutnovsky Geothermal Area, Southern Kamchatka)+1 other referenceSeltmann et al. (2010)Kuleshov et al. (2002)Kassandrov et al. (2009)Kassandrov et al. (2009)webmineral.ru (2020)Afanas'ev+2 other referencesUSGS Professional Paper 1765USGS Open File Report 2005-1252 p46+1 other referenceStrakhovenko+4 other referencesVolkov et al. (2015)Palyanova et al. (2016)Savva et al. (2019)Volkov et al. (2023)Savva et al. (2011)+1 other referenceVolkov et al. (2008)Savva et al. (2007)Pekin et al. (2010)+1 other reference ... ...Mikhailov (2000)Grant et al. (2001)V.V. Seredin dataEcon Geol (1995)So et al. (1995)welcome-ural.ru (n.d.)Kasatkin et al. (2021)Brusnitsyn A.I. (2000)Hyršl (1992)
    Saudi Arabia
     
    Luce et al. (1976)
    Serbia
     
    Pačevski et al. (2016)+1 other reference
    Slovakia
     
    Števko M. (2017)PaulišKoděra (1986)Koděra (1986)Jeleň et al. (2006)Koděra (1986)Koděra (1986)Koděra (1986)Ivanov M. (1979)Koděra (1986)Koděra (1986)Koděra (1986)Koděra (1986)Grecula (1995)Števko M. (2022)Koděra (1986)Koděra (1986)Koděra (1986)Koděra (1986)Koděra (1986)Koděra (1986)Háber et al. (SGR)Števko M. (2022)Pauliš et al. (2002)Háber et al. (SGR)Koděra (1986)Koděra (1986)Koděra (1986)Koděra (1986)Koděra (1986)Koděra (1986)Koděra (1986)Radvanec M. and Gonda S. (2020)+1 other referenceKoděra (1986)Števko M. (2020)Koděra (1986)Pauliš et al. (2002)Grecula (1995)Koděra (1986)Koděra (1986)Koděra (1986)Števko M. (2022)Koděra (1986)Koděra (1986)Varček C.Koděra (1986)Koděra (1986)Števko M. et al. (2017)Koděra (1986)Majzlan et al. (2025)Majzlan et al. (2025)Majzlan et al. (2025)Koděra (1986)Koděra (1986)Duda et. all.Koděra (1986)ĎuďaRojkovič et al. (2003)Rojkovič et al. (2003)Koděra (1986)Rojkovič et al. (2003)Rojkovič et al. (2003)Rojkovič et al. (2003)MišíkKoděra (1986)Rojkovič et al. (2003)Koděra (1986)
    Slovenia
     
    Scopolia - Journal of the Slovenian ...
    South Africa
     
    Personally collected in 2014 by ...S. Weinert (2006)+1 other referenceMartini et al. (1978)Cairncross et al. (1995)Martini et al. (1978)pyrolusite+1 other referenceCairncross et al. (1995)Cairncross et al. (1995)J. Gutzmer et al. (2002)Paul Meulenbeld collection Photo ID: ...Cairncross et al. (1995)Atanasova et al. (2016)SAMS (South African Micromount Society)SAMS (South African Micromount Society)Species list by Dr. Hans Börner+1 other referenceCairncross et al. (1995)Gutzmer (1996)Gutzmer (1996)Gutzmer (1996)Gutzmer (1996)Gutzmer (1996)Gutzmer (1996)Gutzmer (1996)Gutzmer (1996)Gutzmer (1996)Gutzmer (1996)Gutzmer (1996)Cairncross et al. (1995)Cairncross et al. (1995)Cairncross et al. (1995)+2 other referencesLavinsky (n.d.)Cairncross et al. (1995)Cairncross et al. (1995)Gutzmer (1996)Cairncross et al. (1995)Cairncross et al. (1995)
    South Korea
     
    Suzuki (1943)Choi et al. (2005)Suzuki (1943)Suzuki (1943)
    Spain
     
    Collection Marcel ValladarèsGeorges FAVREAU collection & EDX ...Jose Miguel Sola collectionJosé Miguel SolaJosé Miguel SolaGarcía Guirado (2016)Torres-Ruiz (1983)J. Gröbner and M. A. Fernández Périz (2006)Jorge et al. (2005)+1 other referenceCalvo Rebollar (2012)Calvo (2009)Rosell MineralsBocamina (4)Calvo (2009)Calvo Rebollar (2009)Calvo (2009)Colectivo Arrayanes et al. (2008)Romero Silva (2003)Mata-Perelló (1979)MTI Mineralogía Topográfica IbéricaCalvo (2008)Fernando Gascón collectionCalvo Rebollar (2014)Calvo (2008)Calvo et al. (1995)Calvo (2009)Calvo (2009)Calvo (2009)Dill et al. (2023)Dill et al. (2023)Dill et al. (2023)Dill et al. (2023)www.foro-minerales.com (2022)Calvo (2009)Calvo et al. (1992)Fabre (n.d.)Calvo (2009)Felix Garcia collectionJoan Rosell (2021)Garcia-Guinea et al. (2018)Mata i Perelló (1990)Bareche (2005)Mineralogistes de Catalunya (1997)2005& locality references+1 other referenceJoan Rosell (2022)Mata i Perelló (1990)Calvo (2009)Mata i Perelló (1990)Mineralogistes de CatalunyaJoan RosellGarcia G. et al. (2004)González del Tánago et al. (2008)Tánago et al. (2012)Fabre (n.d.)Calvo et al. (2009)Martínez et al. (2014)Rewitzer et al. (2018)Calvo (1996)Martins da Pedra.Calvo (1996)Calvo (1996)Petrov (n.d.)Calvo Rebollar (2016)Calvo (1996)Calvo (1996)+1 other referenceCalvo (2009)Martins da Pedra.Calvo Rebollar (2014)www.e-minerales.com (2007)MITI Blog (http://www.mtiblog.com)gr-mulhacen.foroactivo.com (2020)González (2023)Casanova HonrubiaCasanova HonrubiaCasanova HonrubiaJuan A.M. Barnestein collection+1 other referenceMata Perelló
    Sudan
     
    Yassin et al. (1984)Yassin et al. (1984)Yassin et al. (1984)
    Sweden
     
    Lorin et al. (2012)Natural History MuseumSandström et al. (2008)Gatedal (n.d.)+1 other referenceSandström et al. (2009)Östra Värmlands Mineral SocietyNysten (1984)Ounchanum et al. (1987)Sandtsröm (2002)Sandtsröm (2002)Sandtsröm (2002)
    Switzerland
     
    Tarnuzzer (1893)Stalder et al. (1998)Stalder et al. (1998)Stalder et al. (1998)The Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 44 (2006)+1 other reference
    Tajikistan
     
    Badalov et al. (1975)Likhachov et al. (eds.)+1 other referenceEnikeev et al. (1958)+1 other referenceBadalov et al. (1975)
    Turkey
     
    Yılmazer et al. (2025)A. Karakuş (2010)A. Karakuş (2010)Öztürk (1997)Yigit (2012)+1 other referenceGultekin et al. (2016)TEKER et al. (2006)Gültekin et al. (2005)Öztürk (1997)Kines (1969)Yilmaz et al. (1992)Journal of Asian Earth Sciences (2003)+1 other referenceÇAĞATAY et al. (1990)ÇAĞATAY et al. (1990)Öztürk et al. (1995)Oyman (2003)Müller (1954)Öztürk (1997)Oksuz (2018)Öksüz+1 other referenceOksuz (2018)USGS Prof Paper 550C ppC158-C161USGS Prof Paper 550C ppC158-C161USGS Prof Paper 550C ppC158-C161
    UK
     
    Alabaster (1978)Russell (1946)+1 other referenceHall (1868)+2 other referencesRussell (1946)Golley et al. (1995)Russell (1946)Golley et al. (1995)Russell (1946)Hall (1868)+1 other referenceRussell (1946)Russell (1946)Andrew Haighton CollectionRussell (1946)Day (1999)Day (1999)Davidson et al. (1951)+1 other referenceDavidson et al. (1951)+2 other referencesGoodchild (1885)+1 other referenceKingsbury (MS1)+2 other referencesShaw (1972)+1 other referenceDavidson et al. (1951)+1 other referenceDavidson et al. (1951)+2 other referencesStanley et al. (1991)Goodchild (1875)Day (1999)[]Day (1928)+1 other referenceDay (1928)+2 other referencesChris PophamFord et al. (1993)Worley (1978)Day (1999)Brian Craik-Smith collectionCollins (1871)[Specimen in the Natural History MuseumS. Rust collectionKing et al. (1993)Hall (1868)Hall (1868)Render (n.d.)Render (n.d.)Render (n.d.)+1 other referenceRender (n.d.)Render (n.d.)Smyth et al. (1864)+1 other referenceRussell (1946)Russell (1946)Russell (1946)Russell (1946)Day (1999)Render (n.d.)Collected by Paul RenderRender (n.d.)Render (n.d.)Render (n.d.)Render (n.d.)Render (n.d.)Render (n.d.)Turner (2006)+1 other referenceTurner et al. (2010)Burr (1996)Render (n.d.)Render (n.d.)Rutley (1902)Render (n.d.)Render (n.d.)Render (n.d.)Render (n.d.)Render (n.d.)Render (n.d.)Pers CommRender (n.d.)Nicholson (1986)Day (1999)Cotterell et al. (2003)National Musuem of Wales specimenNational Museum of Wales databaseRender (n.d.)
    Ukraine
     
    Alexander I. Tischenko (1996)Jiuling Zhang (1982)+1 other referenceO.K.Babynin et al. (2006)Varentsov (1996)
    USA
     
    Dean (1995)- (1917)Cook et al. (1982)Cook et al. (1982)Cook et al. (1982)Cook et al. (1982)Cook et al. (1982)- (2005)Cook et al. (1982)Cook et al. (1982)Cook et al. (1982)Cook et al. (1982)Hollabaugh et al. (1989)Cook et al. (1982)Cook et al. (1982)Cook et al. (1982)Cook et al. (1982)Cook et al. (1982)Barwood et al. (1978)Dean (1995)Cook et al. (1982)Cook et al. (1982)- (2005)- (2005)Cook et al. (1982)Cook et al. (1982)Cook et al. (1982)Cook et al. (1982)Cook et al. (1982)Cook et al. (1982)- (2005)Cook et al. (1982)Cook et al. (1982)Am. Min. 50 (1965)Cook et al. (1982)Cook et al. (1982)Cook et al. (1982)Cook et al. (1982)Cook et al. (1982)- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)Cook et al. (1982)Cook et al. (1982)Cook et al. (1982)Cook et al. (1982)Cook et al. (1982)Dean (1995)USGS OFR 2004-1200 (Hawley,2004)- (2008)- (2008)- (2008)- (2008)- (2008)- (2008)- (2008)- (2008)- (2008)- (2008)- (2008)- (2008)- (2008)- (2008)- (2008)- (2008)- (2008)Mayo (1955b)+3 other referencesAnthony et al. (1995)MRDS database Dep. ID file #10027011Palache et al. (1920)+2 other referencesVol. 2+2 other referencesAnthony et al. (1995)Miller et al. (1983)Cooper (1964)+1 other referenceMRDS database Dep. ID file #10046182Butler et al. (1938b)+6 other references- (1973)Luetcke (n.d.)Rasor (1939)+4 other referencesLuetcke (n.d.)Rob BowellLuetcke (n.d.)Butler et al. (1938b)+5 other referencesMRDS database Dep. ID file #10102445Luetcke (n.d.)Butler et al. (1938b)+5 other referencesLuetcke (n.d.)- (1973)MRDS database Dep. ID file #10048117- (1951, July)MRDS database Dep. ID file #10048118Bollin et al. (1958)Potter (1949)+2 other referencesJones et al. (1920)+1 other referenceJones et al. (1920)+1 other referenceFarnham et al. (1958)Wilson (1930)Gornitz (2004)Keith (1972)+1 other referenceAnthony et al. (1995)Farnham et al. (1961)+1 other referenceMRDS database Dep. ID #10027381+1 other referenceMRDS database Dep. ID #10027376Peterson (1962)+1 other referenceMRDS database Dep. ID #10027364MRDS database Dep. ID #10109030MRDS database Dep. ID #10027094Jones et al. (1920)+1 other referenceJones et al. (1920)+1 other referenceMRDS database Dep. ID #10102476MRDS database Dep. ID #10109035MRDS database Dep. ID #10027348MRDS database Dep. ID #10027356MRDS database Dep. ID #10109033MRDS database Dep. ID #10027357MRDS database Dep. ID #10027353MRDS database Dep. ID #10027352MRDS database Dep. ID #10109037MRDS database Dep. ID #10109034MRDS database Dep. ID #10027445MRDS database Dep. ID #10027369+1 other referenceMRDS database Dep. ID #10027444 MRDS ID ...MRDS database Dep. ID #10027374MRDS database Dep. ID #10109036MRDS database Dep. ID 10027342Peterson (1962)Bargar et al. (2009)MRDS database Dep. ID #10102497MRDS database Dep. ID #10109039Peterson (1962)MRDS database Dep. ID #10027092+1 other referenceMRDS database Dep. ID #10027388MRDS database Dep. ID #10027387MRDS database Dep. ID #10102411MRDS database Dep. ID #10026950MRDS database Dep. ID #10026962MRDS database Dep. ID #10027120MRDS database Dep. ID #10027034Galbraith (1959)+1 other referenceLindgren (1905)+3 other referencesMRDS database Dep. ID #10048294MRDS database Dep. ID #10109874MRDS database Dep. ID #10026874MRDS database Dep. ID #10088880MRDS database Dep. ID #10109875MRDS database Dep. ID #10027003Jones et al. (1920)+1 other referencePotter et al. (1946)+1 other referenceMRDS database Dep. ID #10026996MRDS database Dep. ID #10108999MRDS database Dep. ID #10048277MRDS database Dep. ID #10026964Keith (1978)+1 other referenceFarnham & Stewart (1958)+2 other referencesFarnham & Stewart (1958)+2 other referencesGalbraith (1959)Farnham & Stewart (1958)+2 other referencesLasky & Webber (1949)+2 other referencesMRDS database Dep. ID #10259110+1 other referenceFarnham & Stewart (1958)+2 other referencesFarnham & Stewart (1958)+2 other referencesKeith (1978)Keith (1978)Wilson et al. (1934)Farnham & Stewart (1958)+1 other referenceFarnham & Stewart (1958)+2 other referencesFarnham & Stewart (1958)+2 other referencesJones et al. (1920)+3 other referencesGalbraith (1959)Farnham & Stewart (1958)+1 other referenceFarnham & Stewart (1958)+1 other referenceWilson (1933)+1 other referenceWilson (1933)+2 other referencesMRDS database Dep. ID file #10102454Wilson (1933)+1 other referenceWilson (1933)+3 other referencesMRDS database Dep. ID file #10027200Wilson (1933)+3 other references- (1951, July)+2 other referencesAnthony et al. (1995)Farnham & Stewart (1958)+2 other referencesFarnham & Stewart (1958)+2 other referencesKeith (1978)+1 other referenceFarnham & Stewart (1958)+2 other referencesFarnham & Stewart (1958)+1 other referenceKeith (1978)+1 other referenceFarnham & Stewart (1958)+3 other referencesFarnham & Stewart (1958)+3 other referencesFarnham & Stewart (1958)+3 other referencesMining World (Dec, 1957)+3 other referencesGalbraith (1959)+1 other referenceJones et al. (1920)+1 other referenceMRDS file #10027061.MRDS file #10104091.Jones et al. (1920)+3 other referencesMRDS file #10048185.Jones et al. (1920)+5 other referencesJones et al. (1920)Jones et al. (1920)+1 other referenceJones et al. (1920)Jones et al. (1920)+1 other referenceMRDS file #10102432.MRDS file #10027582.MRDS file #10027086.MRDS file #10102433.Jones et al. (1920)+1 other referenceJones et al. (1920)+1 other referenceMRDS file #10102467.MRDS file #10027584.MRDS file #10027581.Sandell (1948)+2 other referencesJones et al. (1920)+1 other referenceMRDS file #10027064.Wilson (1930)MRDS file #10048190.+1 other referenceMRDS file #10102434.Jones et al. (1920)Jones et al. (1920)MRDS file #10027553.Jones et al. (1920)Jones et al. (1920)Long et al. (1948)+1 other referenceMRDS file #10027526.MRDS file #10046344.Jahns (1952)+1 other referenceWilson et al. (1930)+2 other referencesHead (1941)+5 other referencesMRDS file #10027608.MDS file #10027610.+1 other referenceMRDS file #10027664.Mouat (1962)+3 other referencesMouat (1962)+1 other referenceMRDS file #10027663.+1 other referenceMRDS file #10027666.+1 other referenceLong et al. (1948)+1 other referenceMRDS file #10027685.MRDS file #10027669.Mouat (1962)+1 other referenceMRDS file #10027667.MRDS file #10027681.Jones et al. (1920)Jones et al. (1920)MRDS file #10027712.+1 other referenceMRDS file #10027920.MRDS file #10027697.Luetcke (n.d.)Anthony et al. (1995)Jones et al. (1920)+4 other referencesAnthony et al. (1995)MRS file #10027866.+1 other reference- (2005)Jones et al. (1920)Jones et al. (1920)Jones et al. (1920)MRDS file #10027898.Galbraith (1959)Burchard (1931)+1 other referenceAnthony et al. (1995)Thomas et al. (1983)Anthony et al. (1995)Havens et al. (1954)+1 other referenceFarnham (1961)+1 other referenceFarnham (1961)+1 other referenceMRDS database Dep. ID file #10027148Farnham (1961)+1 other referenceHavens et al. (1954)+1 other referenceMRDS database Dep. ID file #10039556MRDS database Dep. ID file #10039629Galbraith (1947)Anthony et al. (1995)Betts (n.d.)MRDS database Dep. ID #10046297Anthony et al. (1995)Jones et al. (1920)+1 other referenceMRDS database Dep. ID #10039512+1 other referenceMRDS database Dep. ID #10048300MRDS database Dep. ID #10048319MRDS database Dep. ID #10048308Dean et al. (1952)+1 other referenceMRDS database Dep. ID #10092689Dean et al. (1952)+1 other referenceMRDS database Dep. ID #10048315Galbraith (1959)+1 other referenceBetts (n.d.)Dean et al. (1952)+1 other referenceFarnham (1961)+2 other referencesLuetcke (n.d.)Luetcke (n.d.)MRDS database Dep. ID file #10048355Schrader (1915)+2 other referencesSchrader (1915)+3 other referencesSchrader (1915)+5 other referencesSchrader (1915)+3 other referencesRomslo (1947)+1 other referenceMRDS database Dep. ID file #10048348Schrader (1915)+7 other referencesSchrader (1915)+7 other referencesOlson (1966)+1 other referenceSchrader (1915)MRDS database Dep. ID #10109040MRDS database Dep. ID #10027537MRDS database Dep. ID #10109058Anthony et al. (1995)Brian Beck CollectedEngring Mining Jour. (1918)+1 other referenceEngr. Mining Jour. (1918)+1 other referenceAnthony et al. (1995)MRDS database Dep. ID #10026926Hewett et al. (1960)+2 other referencesBrian Beck collectedMRDS database Dep. ID #10027592Long et al. (1948)+2 other referencesAnthony et al. (1995)Jahns (1952)+1 other referenceKeith (1978)Farnham & Stewart (1958)+1 other referenceWilson (1933)Farnham & Stewart (1953)+2 other referencesAnthony et al. 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(1923)Paris (2011)Paris (2011)Paris (2011)- (2005)- (2005)+1 other reference- (2005)Rylan Lopez Collection- (2005)Self-Collected In August 2005 by David ...Smith (1991) ...+1 other referenceJennifer CindrichSmith (1991)Price (1983)Price (1983)Origlieri (1990)- (2005)- (2005)Smith (1991)R. Maxwell (1962)- (2005)Rocks & Min.- (2005)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)Butler (1913)Thorne (n.d.)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)+1 other reference- (2005)Bullock (1981)- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)Bullock (1981)- (2005)Bullock (1981)- (2005)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)- (2005)- (2005)Bullock (1981)- (2005)- (2005)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)- (2005)Bullock (1981)+1 other referenceBullock (1981)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)+1 other referenceBullock (1981)Bullock (1981)+1 other referenceBullock (1981)- (2005)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)+1 other referenceBullock (1981)- (2005)Bullock (1981)- (2005)Bullock (1981)- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)- (2005)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)- (2005)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)+1 other reference- (2005)Bullock (1981)- (2005)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)Bullock (1981)Marty et al. (1993)- (2005)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)- (2005)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)+1 other referenceLuetcke (n.d.)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)+1 other reference- (2005)Bullock (1981)- (2005)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)+1 other referenceBullock (1981)- (2005)Bullock (1981)+1 other reference- (2005)Bullock (1981)+1 other referenceBullock (1981)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)- (2005)Bullock (1981)- (2005)Bullock (1981)+2 other referencesBullock (1981)Bullock (1981)- (2005)- (2005)Bullock (1981)+1 other referenceBullock (1981)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)North (2010)Bullock (1981)+1 other referenceBullock (1981)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)- (2005)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)- (2005)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)+1 other reference- (2005)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)- (2005)- (2005)Personally collected by Patrick McAfee.Bullock (1981)+1 other reference- (2005)- (2005)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)+1 other referenceBullock (1981)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)- (2005)Bullock (1981)+1 other referenceBullock (1981)+1 other referenceBullock (1981)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)Bullock (1981)+1 other reference- (2005)- (2005)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)- (2005)U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL ...+4 other referencesUSGS Prof Paper 1024+1 other referenceBullock (1981)+1 other referenceBullock (1981)- (2005)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)+1 other reference- (2005)Bullock (1981)- (2005)U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL ...- (2005)Bullock (1981)+1 other reference- (2005)U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL ...+2 other referencesBullock (1981)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)Bullock (1981)+1 other referenceRocks & Min. Vol. 71 (1996)Report of the state geologist on the mineral industries and geology of Vermont (1912)Hitchcock et al. (1861)Hitchcock et al. (1861)Lemke et al. (1952)Dietrich (1990)- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)Dietrich (1990)- (2005)Dana 7:I:564+1 other referenceDana 7:I:564.- (2005)Dietrich (1990)Dietrich (1990)- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)Dietrich (1990)Dietrich (1990)Dietrich (1990)- (2005)Dietrich (1990)- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)Dietrich (1990)Dietrich (1990)Gilbert H. Espenshade (1954)Dietrich (1990)Dietrich (1990)- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)Dietrich (1990)- (2005)- (2005)Dietrich (1990)Dietrich (1990)- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)Rocks & Min.: 60:168.+1 other reference- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)- (2005)Dietrich (1990)- (2005)Valentine et al. (1956)+2 other referencesValentine et al. (1956)+1 other reference- (2005)- (2005)Derkey et al. (1990, November)+1 other referenceDerkey et al. (1990, November)+1 other reference- (2005)Cannon (1975)- (2005)Cannon (1975)Nicolay & Stone (1967)Ladd (1944)pubs.usgs.gov (2004)Robinson (2013)Cordua (1998)Heyl et al. (1959)Cordua (1998)Loucks (1976)Hausel et al. (2001)Page et al. (1956)+2 other referencesSutherland W.M. and Cola E.C. (2016)Van Rythoven et al. (2020)Hausel et al. (2001)- (2005)Rocks&Min 76:23-241Hausel et al. (2001)- (2005)- (2005)
    Uzbekistan
     
    Pechenkin et al. (2005)Mineraly Uzbekistana (Minerals of the Uzbekistan)Ishbobaev et al. (2023)Located near Uchkuduk.
    Venezuela
     
    Charlie Smith Collection
    Vietnam
     
    Kamitani et al. (2007)Kamitani et al. (2007)Kamitani et al. (2007)B. Fojt & I. Kusinir (2001)
    Yemen
     
    Mondillo et al. (2014)Mattash et al. (2008)+1 other reference
    Mars
     
    Treiman et al. (2023)
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