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Aenigmatite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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From the Greek αίνιγμα ("aenigma"), "a riddle", alluding to the enigmatic, uncertain (at that time) chemical composition of the mineral. Named in 1865 by Breithaupt.
Co-Type Localities:
ⓘKangerluarsuk Fjord, Ilímaussaq complex, Kujalleq, Greenland
ⓘNaujakasik (Naajakasik), Tunulliarfik Fjord, Ilímaussaq complex, Kujalleq, Greenland
Aenigmatite Group.

Related toMalakhovite.


Unique Identifiers
First published:
1865
Approval history:
Approved: IMA 1967 special procedure.
Type description reference:
Breithaupt, August (1865) 29. Kölbingit. Ainigmatit, inMineralogische Studien.Berg - und hüttenmännische Zeitung. Mit besonderer Brücksichtigung der Mineralogie und Geologie, 24 (47). 397-398

Classification of Aenigmatite

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
D : Inosilicates
H : Inosilicates with 4-periodic single chains, Si4O12
Dana 8th ed.:
69.2.1a.1

69 : INOSILICATES Chains with Side Branches or Loops
2 : Chains with Side Branches or Loops with P>2
Hey's CIM Ref.:
14.9.34

14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
9 : Silicates of Ti

Mineral Symbols
Transparency:
Translucent, Opaque
Colour:
Velvet-black
Comment:
In thin section, reddish brown to black.
Streak:
Reddish brown
Hardness:
5½ - 6 onMohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
{010} {100}
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven

Optical Data of Aenigmatite
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
single
Optical Extinction:
Y = b; Z ∧ c = 45°.

Chemistry of Aenigmatite
Common Impurities:
Al,Mn,Mg,Ca,K,Cl

Chemical AnalysisBuer, Vesterøya, Sandefjord, Vestfold, Norway
Larsen, Alf Olav (2010)Chemical analysis of the minerals of the pegmatites in the Larvik plutonic complex. Unpublished supplement to the book " The Langesundsfjord".
XRF analysis and wet chemical analysis (Fe2+). Analyst: Alf Olav Larsen

Crystallography of Aenigmatite
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Mining Academy, Freiberg, Germany, 29166.
Reference:
Breithaupt, August (1865) 29. Kölbingit. Ainigmatit, inMineralogische Studien.Berg - und hüttenmännische Zeitung. Mit besonderer Brücksichtigung der Mineralogie und Geologie, 24 (47). 397-398

Synonyms of Aenigmatite

Other Language Names for Aenigmatite

Relationship of Aenigmatite to other Species
Other Members of Aenigmatite Group:
KrinoviteNa2Mg4Cr3+2(Si6O18)O2Tric.1 :P1
KuratiteCa2(Fe2+5Ti)O2[Si4Al2O18]Tric.1 :P1
UM1991-29-SiO:FeMgNaNa4(Mg5Fe3+7)O4[Si9Fe3+3O36]
WilkinsoniteNa2Fe2+4Fe3+2(Si6O18)O2Tric.1 :P1

Common AssociatesTric.1 :P19.DH.Gageite-2M(Mn,Mg,Zn)42Si16O54(OH)40Mon. 2/m9.DH.BavsiiteBa2V2O2[Si4O12]Tet. 4/m :I4/m9.DH.YuzuxiangiteSr3Fe3+(Si2O6)2(OH) · 3H2OMon. 2/m :P21/m9.DH.LouisfuchsiteCa2(Mg4Ti2)(Al4Si2)O20Tric.1 :P19.DH.05LeucophaniteNaCaBeSi2O6FOrth. 222 :P2121219.DH.10OhmiliteSr3(Ti,Fe3+)(Si4O12)(O,OH) · 2-3H2OMon. 2/m :P21/m9.DH.15HaradaiteSrVSi2O7Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m)9.DH.15SuzukiiteBaVSi2O7Orth.9.DH.20Shcherbakovite(K,Ba)KNa(Ti,Nb)2(Si4O12)O2Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m) :Imma9.DH.20BatisiteBaNaNaTi2(Si4O12)O2Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m) :Imma9.DH.20NoonkanbahiteBaKNaTi2(Si4O12)O2Orth.mmm(2/m2/m2/m) :Imma9.DH.25TaikaniteSr3BaMn2+2(Si4O12)O2Mon. 2 :B29.DH.30KrauskopfiteBaSi2O5 · 3H2OMon. 2/m :P21/b9.DH.35GageiteMn21(Si4O12)2O3(OH)20Mon. 2/m9.DH.35Balangeroite(Mg,Fe2+,Fe3+,Mn2+)42Si16O54(OH)40Mon. 2/m9.DH.40KuratiteCa2(Fe2+5Ti)O2[Si4Al2O18]Tric.1 :P19.DH.40DorriteCa4(Mg3Fe3+9)O4(Si3Al8Fe3+O36)Tric.9.DH.40SerendibiteCa4[Mg6Al6]O4[Si6B3Al3O36]Tric.1 :P19.DH.40RhöniteCa4[Mg8Fe3+2Ti2]O4[Si6Al6O36]Tric.1 :P19.DH.40KhesiniteCa4(Mg3Fe3+9)O4(Fe3+9Si3)O36Tric.1 :P19.DH.40UM1991-29-SiO:FeMgNaNa4(Mg5Fe3+7)O4[Si9Fe3+3O36]9.DH.40HøgtuvaiteCa4[Fe2+6Fe3+6]O4[Si8Be2Al2O36]Tric.1 :P19.DH.40LeucorhöniteCa2(Mg,Fe3+,Al)6(Si,Al)6O20Tric.9.DH.40WelshiteCa4Mg9Sb3O4[Si6Be3AlFe2O36]Tric. 1 :P19.DH.40WilkinsoniteNa2Fe2+4Fe3+2(Si6O18)O2Tric.1 :P19.DH.40KrinoviteNa2Mg4Cr3+2(Si6O18)O2Tric.1 :P19.DH.40Makarochkinite(Ca,Na)4[Fe2+8Fe3+2Ti2]O4[Si8Be2Al2O36]Tric. 1 :P19.DH.45SapphirineMg4(Mg3Al9)O4[Si3Al9O36]Mon. 2/m :P21/b9.DH.50Khmaralite(Mg,Al,Fe)16[(Al,Si,Be)12O36]O4Mon. 2/m :P21/b9.DH.55UM1988-26-SiO:AlMgMg4Al2O[Si3Al2O15]9.DH.55Surinamite(Mg,Fe)3Al4BeSi3O16Mon. 2/m9.DH.60DeeriteFe2+6Fe3+3(Si6O17)O3(OH)5Mon. 2/m :P21/b9.DH.65Taneyamalite(Na,Ca)Mn2+12(Si,Al)12(O,OH)44Tric.9.DH.65HowieiteNa(Fe2+,Fe3+,Al,Mg)12(Si6O17)2(O,OH)10Tric.1 :P19.DH.70JohninnesiteNa2Mn2+9Mg7(OH)8[AsO4]2[Si6O17]2Tric.9.DH.75AgrelliteNaCa2Si4O10FTric.1 :P1

Other InformationSyenitoid
  • Fine-grained ("volcanic") normal crystalline igneous rock

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    • References for AenigmatiteⓘAtakor Volcanic Fieldapports des donnees radiometriques (K/Ar)+6 other references
    Angola
     
    Andrade (note preliminaire)+1 other referenceAndrade (note preliminaire)+1 other reference
    Antarctica
     
    Harris et al. (2002)Harris et al. (1993)Smith (1959)Proceedings of the VII International ...+1 other referenceHarrington et al. (1967)+1 other referenceMüller et al. (1991)Kyle (1990)Proceedings of the VII International ...+1 other referenceMartin et al. (2013)Martin et al. (2010)Rowley et al. (1990)LeMasurier (1990)Woolley (2019)LeMasurier (1990)Woolley (2019)Woolley (2019)LeMasurier (1990)LeMasurier (1990)LeMasurier (1990)Adie (Ed.)LeMasurier (1990)LeMasurier (1990)+2 other references
    Australia
     
    Cundari (1973)+3 other referencesWellman et al. (1974)+1 other referenceKnutson+4 other referencesMineralogical Society of America - ...+8 other referencesMineralogical Society of America - ...+3 other referencesMackenzie et al. (1970)Wellman et al. (1974)+3 other referencesMineralogical Society of America - ...+3 other referencesStevens+3 other referencesBryan et al. (1973)+3 other referencesBryan et al. (1973)+3 other referencesBottrill et al. (2008)TaheriSteve Sorrell CollectionEdwards (1938)+6 other references
    Belarus
     
    Levitskiy et al. (2018, July)
    Brazil
     
    Guarino et al. (2021)+1 other referenceVilalva et al. (2010)+1 other referenceRosa et al. (2018)Buch (2018)de Barros Gomes et al. (2017)
    Cameroon
     
    Koch (E41)+1 other referenceLasserre (1978)November 2001+4 other referencesMarzoli et al. (Africa)+8 other referencesMarzoli et al. (Africa)+12 other referencesdoi.org/10.1017/S0016756800064128+18 other referencesJérémine (1941)+6 other referencesJérémine (1943)+2 other references
    Canada
     
    OstinsoeYagi et al. (1974)Martin et al. (1988)Miller (1988)+1 other referenceCurtis et al. (1977)+1 other referenceGSC database locality No. 4100+1 other referenceGSC database+1 other referenceMiller et al. (1995)Sheard et al. (2012)Sheard (2010)+1 other referenceMitchell (1991)Sabina (1991)Wallace et al. (1990)+1 other referenceCanadian Micro Mineral Association (CMMA)Finley (1930)Currie (1985)+2 other referencesGeol
    China
     
    Zhang et al. (2012)Orris et al. (2002)Shellnutt et al. (2010)+1 other referenceZhang et al. (Eds.)+6 other references
    Denmark
     
    Pedersen et al. (1975)+1 other reference
    Djibouti
     
    Richard+3 other references
    DR Congo
     
    Kanika et al. (1981)+3 other referencesN.. Boutakoff. (1956)+7 other references
    Egypt
     
    Hashad et al. (1979)+1 other referenceStern et al. (1985)+3 other references
    Ethiopia
     
    Barberi et al. (1972)+3 other referencesTazieff et al. (decembre 67-fevrier 68)+4 other referencesDakin et al. (1971)+2 other referencesDi Paola (between 7º00' and 8º40' lat.north)+3 other referencesDi Paola (1976)Di Paola (between 7º00' and 8º40' lat.north)+3 other referencesMohr (1962)+1 other referenceBrotzu et al. (Main Ethiopian Rift)+3 other referencesMohr (1966)+2 other referencesGibson+6 other referencesMohr (1962)+1 other referencePagliani (1940)Comucci (Africa orientale)+4 other referencesMohr (1962)+2 other referencesGaeta et al. (1991)+1 other reference
    Federated States of Micronesia
     
    Stark et al. (1963)+2 other references
    Finland
     
    Lindholm et al. (toim.)
    France
     
    Brousse+15 other referencesChubb (1927)+6 other referencesBrousse et al. (1980)+8 other referencesLacroix (1931)+3 other referencesLEGENDRE et al. (2003)I et al. (5)+6 other referencesNougier (1972)+21 other referencesUpton et al. (1966)+5 other references
    Greenland
     
    Bøggild (1953)+1 other referencePetersen (2001)+1 other referenceClark (1993)+1 other referenceLarsen (1977)Otter (2023)Soerensen (1962)Bøggild (1953)+1 other referenceBøggild (1953)+1 other referenceRoda Robles et al. (2001)www.koeln.netsurf.de (1999)MARKS (2003)Schønwandt et al. (2025)Brooks et al. (1982)Brooks (2011)Woolley (1987)www.koeln.netsurf.de (1999)
    Hungary
     
    Sándor et al. (2005)Harangi et al. (1993)+4 other references
    Iceland
     
    Jørgensen (1980)+1 other referenceJakobsson (1979)
    India
     
    Leelanandam et al. (1980)+4 other referencesMadhavan et al. (1981)+5 other referencesBhushan+6 other referencesMondal et al. (2021)
    Italy
     
    Melluso et al. (2014)Araña et al. (1974)Foerstner (1881)+15 other referencesMineralogical Society of America - ...+2 other referencesStoppa et al. (1997)
    Japan
     
    The Mineral Species of Japan (5th ed)Kuno (1960)+1 other referenceThe Mineral Species of Japan (5th ed)+6 other references
    Kenya
     
    Hackmann+3 other referencesRIDOLFI et al. (2006)Hackmann+3 other referencesWebb+2 other referencesSanders (1963)+1 other referenceTruckle (Scale 1:125000)+2 other referencesBaker (1958)+2 other referencesBaker (1958)+5 other referencesNASH et al. (1969)+7 other referencesMatheson (1966)+2 other referencesBaker (1958)+2 other referencesBaker (1958)+2 other referencesBaker et al. (1988)+1 other referenceDodson (1953)+4 other referencesFairburn (1963)+1 other referenceRix (1973)+4 other referencesBaker (1963)+13 other referencesMinistry of Energy and Regional ...+4 other referencesBaker (1967)+1 other referenceWilliams (1966)+6 other referencesSaggerson (1991)Macdonald+2 other referencesDavies et al. (1987)+9 other referencesScott (1980)+4 other referencesMcCall (1967)+6 other referencesJennings (1971)Thompson et al. (1963)+5 other referencesMcCall (1967)Schoeman (1949)+1 other referenceWilliams (1991)Shackleton (1946)+2 other referencesShackleton (1945)+1 other referenceHackman et al. (1989)Shotton et al. (1974)+5 other referencesSmith (1938)+4 other referencesWebb+1 other referenceMason et al. (1957)+1 other referenceKey (1987)Key (1987)Shackleton (1946)+4 other referencesWeaver et al. (1972)+1 other referenceSmith (1938)+3 other referencesSmith (1938)+1 other reference
    Libya
     
    Piccoli (1970)+6 other referencesLustrino et al. (2012)
    Madagascar
     
    James+8 other referencesMukosi (2012)Lacroix (1922)+2 other referencesLacroix (1922)+1 other referenceBehier (1963)Lacroix (1922)+5 other referencesLacroix (1922)+2 other referencesLacroix (1923)+2 other references
    Malawi
     
    GarsonGarsonpdfs.semanticscholar.org (n.d.)+5 other referencesWoolley (2001)Garson et al. (1969)Garson (1963)+1 other referenceBloomfield (Compiler)+6 other referencesalkcarb.myrocks.info (n.d.)
    Mali
     
    Black et al. (1979)+2 other referencesJ.F. Sauvage (pers. comm. 1985)+1 other referenceBa et al. (1985)+1 other reference
    Mauritius
     
    Mexico
     
    Brearley et al. (1998)Richards (1966)doi.org/10.1093/petroj/38.9.1137+3 other references
    Mongolia
     
    Sokol (2007)+1 other referenceG.M. Tsareva dataKempe et al. (2015)+1 other referenceKartashov P.M. et al. (Mongolian Altai)Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)+1 other reference
    Morocco
     
    Choubert et al. (pontien)+4 other references
    Mozambique
     
    Teale et al. (1923)Teale et al. (1923)Hunting Geology & Geophysics Ltd . ...+8 other references
    Namibia
     
    ...+1 other referenceVerwoerd (1967)+3 other referencesKaiser (Ed.)+4 other references
    New Zealand
     
    Railton et al. (1990)Hutton (1956)+6 other referencesNZJGGNZJGGNZJGGSewell+7 other referencesRailton et al. (1990)Railton et al. (1990)Mineralogical Society of America - ...Turner et al. (1960)+7 other referencesTulloch et al. (1990)+2 other references
    Niger
     
    consequences. Bulletin de la Société géologique de France (6)+4 other referencesJ. Fabriès and G. Rocci (1965)Black+3 other referencesGardeBlack (1963)+2 other referencesBlack (1963)+2 other references
    Nigeria
     
    Bennett et al. (1984)+3 other referencesBennett et al. (1984)+1 other referencea link between the Younger Granite districts of Nigeria and S Niger. Journal of the Geological Society (1)+2 other referencesTurner+1 other reference
    North Korea
     
    Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)Suzuki (1938)
    Norway
     
    Dietrich et al. (1965)Larsen et al. (2010)Andersen et al. (1996)+1 other referenceAndresen et al. (2018)Åsheim (1994)Larsen et al. (2010)Berge (n.d.)Grew et al. (2008)Knut Edvard Larsen (2023)Åsheim et al. (2008)+1 other referenceLarsen et al. (2010)Berge et al. (2002)Knut Edvard Larsen collection # 1833+1 other referenceBerge (n.d.)+1 other referenceBerge et al. (2002)+1 other referenceLarsen et al. (2010)Berge et al. (2002)Knut Edvard Larsen (2023)Knut Edvard Larsen (2023)Åsheim et al. (2008)Raade et al. (1980)+1 other reference
    Papua New Guinea
     
    Smith (1976)+1 other reference
    Paraguay
     
    Comin-Chiaramonti et al. (2016)
    Portugal
     
    Abdel-Monem et al. (1975)+11 other referencesRidolfi et al. (2003)Alves (n.d.)Alves (n.d.)Weston (1964)+6 other referencesJeffery et al. (2016)Alves (n.d.)Assunção et al. (gnaisses hastingsíticos)+4 other references
    Romania
     
    Hirtopanu (2006)
    Russia
     
    Starikova et al. (2017)David Zakharov specimen+1 other referenceAkimenko et al. (2014, September)[World of Stones 95:5-6Arzamastsev et al. (2008)Azarova et al. (2009)Konopleva et al. (2008)+1 other referenceKonopleva et al. (2008)Pekov et al. (2004)Konopleva et al. (2008)Takai et al. (2011)Konopleva et al. (2008)Am Min 79:1011+1 other referencePavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)+1 other referenceArzamastsev et al. (2008)Arzamastsev et al. (2008)Konopleva et al. (2008)Konopleva et al. (2008)Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)Pavel Kartasov photo+1 other referenceKonopleva et al. (2008)Zozulya et al. (2022)[World of Stones 95:5-6Arzamastseva et al. (1999)+1 other referenceLitasov et al. (2017)+1 other referenceGrapes et al. (1979)
    Saint Helena， Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
     
    Bell+20 other referencesC. Harris et al. (1982)Mineralogical Magazine (1952)Baker et al. (1967)+6 other references
    Saudi Arabia
     
    du Bray+3 other referencesQuick (1983)+1 other referenceBaker et al. (1973)+1 other referencePellaton et al. (and Explanatory Notes)+1 other referenceHarris et al. (1980)+1 other reference
    Seychelles
     
    Baker (1963)+1 other reference
    South Africa
     
    Woolley (2001)Dal Bo et al. (2024)
    South Korea
     
    Kim+7 other references
    Spain
     
    Capdevila et al. (1974)
    Tanzania
     
    Journal of Conference AbstractsZaitsev A.N. et al. (2010)+1 other reference
    Turkey
     
    Pearce et al. (1990)+9 other references
    UK
     
    Tindle (2008)Day (1999)Harrison et al. (1987)+1 other reference
    Ukraine
     
    Dubyna O.V. et al. (2020)
    USA
     
    Robinson (1913)azminerals.comLaughlin et al. (1986)+1 other referenceSmith (1988)+1 other referenceHenry Barwood - unpublished (2010)Murdoch (1966)+2 other referencesMurdoch et al. (1966)Murdoch et al. (1966)Livingston (2020)Velde (1978)King et al. (1995)Toulmin et al. (1957)King et al. (1994)Gleba (2008)Gleba (2008)Sayer (1974)Castor et al. (2004)Macdonald et al. (2019)USGS Open-File Report 02-189Smith (2016)Smith (2016)Smith (2016)Micro Probe Volume VI Number 8+1 other reference
    Yemen
     
    Cox et al. (1969)+2 other referencesManasse (1908)+3 other referencesZolensky et al. (2003)Gass et al. (1968)+1 other reference
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